Orders in Decay: Recent Episodes
General
This is a podcast about disorder: about protest, riot and revolt; about law, the state and the international realm, It is about the people who revolt and disobey, about the ideas that bring people to the streets or explain why they are there, and about the way that the state responds to them.
Produced by Ollie Sanderson-Nichols: Following the incendiary revelations in 2011 that members of the Metropolitan Police Service, posing as activists, had been tasked with implanting themselves within protest groups and social movements between the years of 1968 and 2010, producer Ollie Sanderson-Nichols explores the history and technique of police infiltration in the UK, and its impacts on the people and communities subject to it. Approaching police infiltration as a technology of power involved in the production and maintenance of sovereign order, this podcasts examines infiltration at the level of life and death: From the disruption to the lives of the activists who were deceived into forming (often intimate) relationships with these officers; to the forms of collective life against which the state pitted itself in developing its infiltration strategies; the peculiar necromantic rituals invoked in the formation of the undercover officers’ false personas; and the necrotic effects of infiltration upon the social and affective life of movements themselves. Featuring comments from Professor Michael Loadenthal, and engaging also with the work of Professors Ben Anderson and Michel Foucault, this is the story of the ‘unliving’.
Special thanks to Professor Michael Loadenthal (University of Cincinnati, Ohio), who kindly agreed to be interviewed for this piece of work, and whose insights, both in his published research and during our discussion, proved most valuable and thought-provoking. Many thanks also to Professor Illan rua Wall (University of Warwick Law School) for his support, feedback and guidance throughout the project, without whom this podcast would not have been possible.
• BBC Sound Effect. “Cell Doors - Period cell doors. Cell door closed with keys, bolts, etc.” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07011124 • BBC Sound Effects. “Animals - Horse whinnying.” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07037453 • BBC Sound Effects. “Battle Crowd - Battle Ccrowd, with men shouting. (No gunfire.)” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07019149 • BBC Sound Effects. “Cine Projector - 16mm RCA cine projector. Threading film and short test run.” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07004203 • BBC Sound Effects. “Crowd Of 6000 At Protest Meeting - Chatter at close of protest meeting. (6000 people, recorded outdoors in England.)” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07017038 • BBC Sound Effects. “Deciduous Woodland - Summer: Early Evening - With blowflies and distant song thrush.” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=NHU05061094 • BBC Sound Effects. “Weather: Eerie Wind - Weather: Eerie wind.” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07027033 • BBS Sound Effects. “Scratches: Records - Stylus jerked off vinyl record, record scratch” Available from: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07058170
Music used (all last accessed 22nd April 2022): • Aaron Ximm (2012) Spring Rain. Available from: https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Aaron_Ximm/Handpans_and_the_Hang/Aaron_Ximm_-_07_-_Spring_Rain/ • Diablo (2010) “Hollow Body.” Available from: https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Diablo/Hollow_Body_Live_on_WFMUs_My_Castle_of_Quiet_4142010/Diablo_01_Hollow_Body/ • Filmy Ghost (Sábila Orbe) (2018) “Himuro Mansion.” Available from: https://freemusicarchive.org/search/?quicksearch=Himuro+Mansion+ • Kasey, C @ White Bat Audio ‘Escape from LV426’ https://youtu.be/2-wKcIkElIc • Kosta T. (2016) Red in Black. Available from : https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Kosta_T/Soul_Sand/Kosta_T_-_Soul_Sand_-_14_Red_in_Black/
Producer Precious Odunaiya explains that in popular culture, vigilantes are imagined as heroes who fight for a form of justice that the legal system fails to achieve. Drawing on Christopher Nolan’s Dark Knight trilogy, this podcast investigates the thin line between vigilantism and villainy, as a way to grasp the contemporary state of exception.
Thanks to Dr Erica McCrystal, Montclair State University/Berkeley College; Dr Thomas Giddens, University of Dundee and Dr Timothy Peters, University of the Sunshine Coast
BBC Sounds, Heavy explosion-expl_07037322. [Sound Effects] United Kingdom: BBC. Available at: < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/> [Accessed 1 April 2022]. BBC Sounds, Police—ca_07058147. [Sound Effects] United Kingdom: BBC. Available at: < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/> [Accessed 1 April 2022]. BBC Sounds, Thunder---_07005233. [Sound Effects] United Kingdom: BBC. Available at: < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/> [Accessed 1 April 2022]. BBC Sounds, Weather---_07038339. [Sound Effects] United Kingdom: BBC. Available at: < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/> [Accessed 1 April 2022]. Holmes, S., Against All Odds. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 12 April 2022]. Holmes, S., Ascending Light. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 12 April 2022]. U1902177 Holmes, S., Entering the Tower. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 19 April 2022]. Holmes, S., Rescued. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 19 April 2022]. Holmes, S., Search for Them. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 19 April 2022].Scott Holmes – Search for Them Holmes, S., Summer. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 19 April 2022]. Holmes, S., The Boy is Missing. [Music] Scotland: Free Music Archive. Available at: [Accessed 19 April 2022]. Quadrado, S., Arabic Sadness. [Music] Russia: Free Music Archive. Available at: < https://freemusicarchive.org/music/serge- quadrado/https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Scott_Holmes> [Accessed 11 April 2022]. Quadrado, S., Eastern Morning. [Music] Russia: Free Music Archive. Available at: < https://freemusicarchive.org/music/serge-quadrado/> [Accessed 11 April 2022]. Quadraso, S., Suspense Piano. [Music] Russia: Free Music Archive. Available at: < https://freemusicarchive.org/music/serge-quadrado/> [Accessed 11 April 2022].
Producer Lucy Knollys explores the movement of the mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. During the Argentinian ‘Dirty War’ 1976-83, around 30,000 people were disappeared by the state. Mothers took to the streets to demand justice for their missing children and grandchildren. With Professor Fernando J Bosco, the podcast explores how the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo repurposed traditional identities to give them political strength. Harnessing emotional intelligence, and politicising their role as mothers, they were able to create a far-reaching and enduring social movement which changed human rights in Argentina, and led to the discovery of over a hundred missing grandchildren. This podcast sheds light on an extraordinary, yet relatively unknown female-led social movement and the factors that led to its success.
Special thanks to Professor Fernando J Bosco, of San Diego State University, for participating in this podcast as an interviewee, and giving up his time to share his research into, and experiences meeting with, the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo.
Thanks also to Prof Illan Wall, School of Law, University of Warwick, for his support and advice throughout this project.
Music:
All music sourced from the Free Music Archive: https://freemusicarchive.org
Blue Dot Sessions, ‘Drone Birch’, 2017
Kevin MacLeod, ‘Thatched Villagers’, 2014
Trans Atlantic Rage/Balogh, ‘Soul Harmonics’, produced by Jared C. Balogh, 2012
Xylo-Ziko, ‘Dark Water.mp3’, 2020, ‘First Light.mp3’, 2020, ‘Last Light.mp3’, 2021
Sound Effects:
All sound effects sourced from BBC Sound Effects: https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk
‘Bells: Cathedrals – Cathedral bell strikes 5’, BBC Sound Effects
‘Italy: Large Square, Distant Perspective’, BBC Sound Effects
‘Shingle Beach – Waves’, recorded by David Tombs, Natural History Unit, 1911
Producer Zuzu Walker explores the significance of costume in political protest. With help from Prof Andy Lavender, the podcast specifically examines the gilet jaunes (yellow Vests) used across the French protests from 2018-2021. Using the work of Ernesto Laclau and Jacques Ranciére, this podcast explores the duality of symbols, in seeing how the gilet jaune could be embued with masses of demands, opinions, and meaning, and how this results in it becoming ultimately meaningless.
Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge Professor Andy Lavender for his insightful interview, without whom this podcast would not be possible. As well as; André Kapsas, Anne-Claire Defossez, Didier Fassin, Ernesto Laclau, Jacques Ranciére, Stefan Kipfer and Sophie Wahnich, for their work in studying political protest.
Music Used
BBC < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07017038 > BBC < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07017183 > BBC < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07031023 > Podington Bear 2013. “Afterglow.” https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Podington_Bear/Thoughtful/Afterglow_1910/ Podington Bear 2013. "Odd Wand." Curious. Cond. Podington Bear https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Podington_Bear/Curious/OddWand Podington Bear 2017. "Senseless." Boulé, Dana. 2015. "Swinging in the 7th." Songs for Paris. Cond. Dana Boulé. Comp. Dana Boulé. Broke for Free. 2012. "Lonely Organ." Leaf. Cond. Broke for Free. Comp. Broke for Free.
Producer Ashvin Kapilan explores the use of police power in the UK, focussing on the controversial technique of 'kettling'. Featuring the work of Prof Mark Neocleous, the podcast exposes how the concept of security is often used to increase and entrench police power power at worrying levels.
Special thank you to Professor Mark Neocleous for agreeing to be interviewed for the purposes of the production of this podcast
Music and Sounds Astrisx by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue). Dial 999 – Police car, pass from left to right with yelp siren by BBC Sound Effects (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07045267) Household – Kettle filled with water by BBC Sound Effects (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07042254) Household: Electric Kettle Boiling by BBC Sounds Effects (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07027207) Inamorata by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue). Kitchens – Large domestic kitchen by BBC Sound Effects (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07056101) London – London, West End, Portland Place – 1972 (1T1, reprocessed) by BBC Sound Effects (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07060038) Public Demonstration In A London Square by BBC Sound Effects (https://sound effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search?q=07032271). This Passage by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue). True Blue Sky by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue). Union Hall Melody by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue)
Producer: Maya Viswa. This podcast will explore the 26 year Sri Lankan Civil War and its’ repercussions in modern day Sri Lanka. It will focus on the concept of disappearance as a symbol of a never ending conflict. It connects together a lack of closure, lack of truth and a mask of the true brutality that occurred. Through exploring the history of the Sri Lankan civil war, its’ modern day repercussions and the forgotten stories of the Tamil victims, this podcast will highlight that the Sri Lankan civil war never ended and perhaps may never end.
Produced by Zosha Elleston, the podcast will explore and analyse the 1921 Tulsa riots and massacre. Shooting, theft and unlawful detention were just some of the atrocities that arose from the conflict between the prosperous black neighbourhood and the white neighbourhood within Tulsa. We will explore systemic racism and racial segregation.
I want to sincerely thank Professor Kimberly Fain and Professor Chris Messer, who provided me with a rich detail of analysis for the podcast. I have learned a great deal from them both.
Sounds and Music Best, O. (2009). “Taps - America The Beautiful (Medley).” Vosotros (curator). In: vosotros presents: ¡ YES WE PUEDE ! Free Music Archive
Matthews, W. (2014). “Michaels Song” WFMU (curator). In: Live on WFMU with Irene Trudel: April 14, 2014 Free Music Archive
Matthews, W. (2014). “The Little Clowns Piece” WFMU (curator). In: Live on WFMU with Irene Trudel: April 14, 2014 Free Music Archive
Matthews, W. (2014). “Waltz for Django” WFMU (curator). In: Live on WFMU with Irene Trudel: April 14, 2014 Free Music Archive
Thornton, W. (2013). “Twenty.” In: New River Vol. 1 Free Music Archive
Unknown. ‘‘1 Woman Screaming & Crying - Woman, uncontrolled sobbing.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Army - Army Drill, marching in broken step.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Barn Doors (Wooden) - Wooden barn door. Heavy door closed (interior)” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Bbc News Sound Effects Tape - Riot no.1” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Bits & Pieces - Riot in Belfast - more subdued.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Bus Ticket Machines (London Transport) - Bell Punch ticket machine operated once. (London Transport.)” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. “Crowd Of 6000 At Protest Meeting - General atmosphere of crowd at protest meeting. (6000 people, recorded outdoors in England.).” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. “Dial 999 - Police car departs with wail siren.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Fire - close-up sounds of a small fire. Some loud cracks. Very clear sounds.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Glass & China Crashes - Crash: Window Breaking.” In: BBC Sound Effects. BBC
Unknown. ‘‘Pheasant Shoot - Pheasant shoot, shots at cock pheasants.)” In: BBC Sound Effects.
Unknown. ‘‘Theatre - Revolver shot (simulated)” In: BBC Sound Effects.
Producer Eva Djukic explains that it’s difficult to imagine a world in which AIDS isn’t normalised. This podcast tells the untold struggle that non-hegemonic classes went through to thrust AIDS onto the political agenda. Not everyone can remain anaesthetised to public order – for the suspect population it becomes a matter of life and death. This podcast explores the social and political pedagogies that defined and confined early AIDS activism and looks at the changing momentum in 1987 that led to the formation of ACT UP. It uses Resource Mobilisation and Collective Identity Theory to establish how the movement arose and how its tactics and ideologies were shaped.
The podcast challenges the dominant discourse which confines the movement’s legacies as catalysts for gay and lesbian rights. It seeks to establish that ACT UP’s greatest achievement was the deconstruction of the knowledge-power dichotomy which helped change global health policy, gave rise to ‘AIDS exceptionalism’ and led to the largest international commitment of resources to a health crisis in history.
Special Thanks to Dr Illan Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University: For his consistent extensive support throughout the production of the podcast. And to Professor Patricia Siplon, Professor of Political Science and Director of Public Health, Saint Michael’s College Vermont: For participating as an interviewee and sharing her valuable expertise.
BBC Sounds < https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/ > • Eurostar – Eurostar train arrives (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Traffic – Night traffic – Trafalgar Square, London- 1972 (1R2, reprocessed) (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Vocal & Heart Effects – Heart beating, 18 year old male’s heart (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Crowds, Children & Footsteps – Industrial Dispute, chanting among marchers (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Electrical Radiation – Radio Interference (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Betting Shop – Atmosphere with public address (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • German Crowds- German crowd, exterior, mixed angry crowd (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Manual Typewriter (Close Perspective) – Manual Typewriter: Close Perspective, fast typing (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Exterior Crowds 1 – Crowd shouting, screaming, laughing – close perspective – 1972 (2C1, reprocessed) (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Gongs & Cymbals – Gong rolls (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Motor horns – American Police Siren being sounded (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Skids – Car approach & skid (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Motor Horns (electric) – Multitone Motor Horn, impatient blasts sounded (Electrical motor horn) (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) • Pulleys, Winches & Chains – Chains rattling (Credit to: BBC Sound Effects) Other • Car Horn Doppler by PE865405 https://www.videvo.net/sound-effect/car-horn-doppler-by-pe865405/238691/
Music Free music archive < https://freemusicarchive.org/home > • O Fortuna – MIT Concert Choir • Patience – Sergey Cheremisinov • Songs for a Sad Guitar – Rest you Sleeping giant • Acoustic Mediation – Jason Shaw • To live – Sergey Cheremisinov • Breakthrough – Pictures of the Floating world
Icons8 • https://audionautix.com/Music/AcousticMeditation2.mp3 • The last Guardian – Dream Machine • There is no way back – Ilya Marfin • Circadian – Anatu • The world light – Les Temps Modernes • Radiant – Dream Machine • Perfect Time – Svyat Ilin
Sacha Houghton: One murder victim. Two detectives. Three suspects.... Except, this time, there’s no murder victim. In this unconventional and dry-humoured podcast, you will determine the cause of riots the only way you know how - via a murder mystery.
In order to solve the puzzle, the impact of the police, crowd psychology, and grievance shall all be considered, leading to a startling conclusion as to who the true culprit is.
Sacha Houghton
Catherine Nkuo: Racism continues to play a significant role in the arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of black citizens. This podcast explores the question of whether there is systematic racism in US law enforcement, and how this facilitates mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex in America. It analyses the emergence of the US carceral state and how policing has become an ongoing concern for black people during anti-police movements in the 1960s to the Black Live Matter movements today.
Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Interviewees: Dr Lydia Plath Associate Professor of US History at the University of Warwick
Dr Eduardo Mendieta Professor of Philosophy at Penn State University
Dr Max Felker Kantor Assistant Professor of History at Ball State University
Producer: Catherine Nkuo
Celine Dib: This podcast will centre around the protests that began in October 2019 in Beirut, Lebanon. The aim of the protests, or ‘Al-Thawra’ in arabic, is the decentralisation and uprooting of Lebanon’s corrupt government. Women have been an essential part of the revolution. Mothers, daughters and even grandmothers have been seen on the frontlines. As the protests grew in size, photographs spread on social media of young women and girls forming barriers between the army and their people. The podcast will focus on the protective nature of women, their ability to organise and lead protests and how a woman's revolution emanated within the Lebanese one.
I would like to specially thank Mona Fawaz, a professor of urban studies and planning at the American University of Beirut. Her knowledge as both an academic and Lebanese woman was a great help with putting in perspective the true role and effect of women during the protests.
Celine Dib
Zahra Abdul-Malik: Apartheid remains. Even decades after its formal end, it is still interwoven in South African politics. This podcast explores the spatial politics of South Africa's transition from apartheid. It explores the history of land dispossession to establish the strong relationship between geographic space and inequality. It analyses how promises from the post-apartheid government and constitutional provisions contributed to enabling the continuance of the socio-spatial legacy of Apartheid.
Special thanks to Dr. Zachary Levenson, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro and Senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg.
Dr. Illan rua Wall, Reader, University of Warwick School of Law
Zahra Abdul-Malik
Andrada Tudose: After nine days of violent protests and over one thousand deaths, the Romanian Revolution finally ended with the execution of the dictator, on 25th December 1989. Many years after the fall of the regime, evidence has come to the surface that manipulation techniques have been used on the population in order to achieve chaos during the revolution. So, were the events as simple as presented? Or were the people made to fight in a revolution that was used by politicians to achieve political power? Until this day there is much uncertainty surrounding the days of December 1989. This podcast will explore the events of the 1989 Romanian Revolution and the role of its live broadcasting.
Special thanks to Viorel Domenico for agreeing to participate in this podcast and to Eduard Voinea for voicing the English translation of the interview.
Producer: Andrada Tudose
Alaa Fawaz: The remnants of the Lebanese Civil War and its wounds remain visible in Lebanon today. In August 2020, the devastating Beirut port explosion caused the death of over 200 hundred people in the capital city and shook the nation to its core. Yet, the process of mourning has been interrupted by the spread of the pandemic, unprecedented economic crisis and social injustice. Alaa Hatim Fawaz explores the changing nature of the protests prior and following the explosion, reflecting the ever-increasing public discontent. We will examine the roles of various political actors, not limited to the Lebanese government, who are involved in the very structures which enabled the explosion to occur. To the Lebanese people, all of them, means all of them.
Emma Baker produces a podcast on legal abortion in Argentina and the social movements which lead to this change. From colonial influences on gender norms and the strong Catholic Church that came with the Spanish colonisers, to women’s rights developments post-WW2 suddenly brought to a halt by the military dictatorship, this podcast episode explores the long way that Argentinian women had to come to achieve the legalisation of abortion in 2020. Abortion openly counters the traditional family values that have played such a deep-rooted role in Argentinian society for centuries. The Madres de la Plaza de Mayo during the dictatorship years were the first group of women to ask for justice and stand up for their rights, and the everydayness of activism and protesting that grew since then is something that the Ni Una Menos developed even further since 2015. They united Argentinian women and fought towards the final success in 2020.
Many thanks to the experts I had the honor of interviewing:
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Dr. Silvana Tapia Tapia, assistant professor of socio-legal studies at the University of Azuay in Ecuador.
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Dr. Cora Fernandez Anderson, assistant professor of politics at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts and author of ‘Fighting for Abortion rights in Latin America – Social Movements, State Allies and Institutions.’
And to Illan Wall for the continued support, advice, and lecture material provided throughout the module.
Producer: Esther Ofulue. The negative consequences that flow from the abundance of crude oil in this region has been popularly termed as “The Niger Delta Conflict”. However, what this podcast aims to show is that whilst oil is a key component of this conflict, it over simplifies what is in effect a multi-layered conflict. There is not just a singular conflict in the Delta, there are conflicts. From the environmental devastation, to the destruction of livelihoods, the rise of armed insurgency and corrupt governance.
My thanks to Dr Elias Courson for offering his time to be part of this podcast.
Producer: Linzi Bandtock: Not your average war story. An expose of the racial, class and gendered inequity that was shrouded within the Vietnam wars anti-war movement. Through the exploration of civil disobedience and the student movement, I uncover the history of the social struggles of those not fighting in the war; but fighting to get out of fighting.
Producer: Hubbab Nasir: Criminals, lazy looters and the mindless underclass; this was the narrative pushed by numerous politicians and academics after the 2011 UK riots. For many, the riots simply boiled down to greed. However, the problem with this perspective is that the spacial dynamics, reactions, and aftermath of the riots reveal a struggle for control between the people and state. The riots were about more than looting and violence, essentially they became a dispute over the streets - territory which belongs to no man.
Ben Potgieter: The Sea Shepherds are a grey area phenomenon. Operating on the high seas their direct action challenges states on the international stage, an arena traditionally off-limits for non-state actors. This podcast looks at the Sea Shepherds through the lens of their iconic anti-whaling campaigns against Japanese whalers, hoping to make sense of their unique form of international disorder.
Ria Dogra: On the 14th August, 1969, British soldiers took to the streets of Northern Ireland to de-escalate ongoing tensions between Catholics and Protestants. With their arrival came a new glimmer of hope. However, this sentiment did not last long. This podcast explores how the British state wrestled carelessly and negligently with the predicament of how to combat a violent and resilient campaign of domestic insurgency. In doing so, it seeks to demonstrate the vast extent to which the British State intensified, rather than de-escalated, violence and division.
A very special thanks to Professor Niall Ó Dochartaigh from the National University of Ireland Galway for his contributions to this podcast.
Producer: Kush Popat. In 1965, Indonesia underwent a seismic period of societal upheaval following a genocide which culled the population by more than 500,000. Freemen roamed freely as gangsters, enlisted by the government to commit incomprehensibly horrific crimes, to murder without repercussion on an industrial scale. Without a doubt, such banal crimes cast a bleak comment on the whole of society. How can openly acknowledged crimes go unpunished, and a regime of impunity prevail, placing the actors in positions of privilege, benefit and veneration? How can punishment for such grave crimes, and by extension feelings of guilt, culpability and responsibility, be evaded? These are the harsh questions this podcast explores, particularly through the lens of Joshua Oppenheimer’s ‘The Act of Killing’ and with an analysis into the human psyche. Having explored such morbidity, what does this hold for the future? What sort of message is portrayed about the world as a whole?
Producer: Drakhshandae Badar. The lawyer’s movement of 2007 in Pakistan managed to revive a judiciary whose independence had been quashed by the military dictator General Pervez Musharraf and it fought to restore democracy in a country plagued by martial law for nearly a decade. But soon after it achieved its two main goals, the movement turned on its head becoming the source of unprecedented levels of unchecked power for the judiciary who now used this power to threaten a newly restored democratic government. So how did this great reversal come to be? This podcast traces the chronology of events that led to the movement itself and the events that led to its unravelling.
SPECIAL THANKS TO Dr Illan Wall Reader, School of Law, University of Warwick for his support throughout the production process. Dr Hassan Javid Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences, and Dr Qalandar Memon Assistant Professor, Forman Christian College Lahore for participating as an interviewee and reflecting on his experiences and invaluable information regarding movement of 2007.
More info on ordersindecay.com
Producer: Victoria Fayemi. This podcast explores the work of Black Panther Women in the 1970s and 80s. To showcase how they organised to liberate the Black community from social, economic and political state oppression. Whilst placing women gendered related issues on the Black Power agenda. The episode analyses the distorted public image of these revolutionary women. Revealing how they managed to produce new models of black womanhood during the Black Power era, using art and methods of resistance.
Special thanks to:
Dr. Mary Phillips: Assistant Professor of African American Studies, Lehman College, City University of New York. With interests in Black Power Studies, Black Feminism. For her contribution, breadth of knowledge and enthusiasm.
Dr. Ashley D. Farmer, Assistant Professor in the Departments of History and African Diaspora Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Historian of black women's history. For her participation, invaluable experience and beautiful modern insight.
Dr Illan Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University: For his extensive support, resources and attention throughout the construction of this podcast.
Producer: Adaugo Uko. This podcast explores the hyper-normalisation of inequality and injustice through the racial infrastructure established in the US after the abolishment of Slavery. We see the death of Emmett Till, and the extraordinary actions of his mother (Mamie) as a shattering of this hyper-normalisation. With Professor George Lewis and Professor Lydia Plath, we explore how Mamie Till used the physicality of Emmett's mutilated body to breach the hyper-normalisation of the racial infrastructure.
Producer: Chloe Smallwood. On November 24th 2016, a Peace Deal was signed between the FARC and the Colombian State. The agreement sought to disarm combatants and reintegrate ex-guerilla soldiers back into society. But up to 40% of these soldiers were women. The podcast explores the gendered nature of reintegration, examining how traditional gender norms broken or re-inscribed in conflict and transitional justice processes.
Producer: Olivia Stanek. On 18th November 2019, in the city of Valparaíso, the women of Chile used their voices and dancing bodies to speak the truth of their fate. The Chilean anti-rape anthem, ‘Un Violador En Tu Camino’/ ‘A Rapist in Your Path’, sought to speak for the women whose voices have been silenced by violence. In this podcast, Olivia Stanek explores how a variety of factors such as deeply-embedded cultural values, low conviction rates for femicide, female sexual abuse, and presidential responses have contributed to the creation of the performance by Chilean theatre collective, Lastesis. These elements connected to ignite the anthem’s spread across all continents and for women to come to a collective effort to fight against this brutality.
Content warning: descriptions of graphic violence
Producer: Payal Shah. In 2012 a horrific gang rape in Delhi lead silenced women all over the country to raise their voices against cultural oppression and gender-based violence. Massive protests spread across the country, demanding justice, protections against sexual violence and igniting a new wave of feminism in India. The protests challenged the cultural stigmatisation of rape, perceptions of male dominance and patriarchal social power structures. The podcast explores the effects of these protests on Indian feminism.
Producer: Ala Alysik. The Black Protests took to the streets of Poland in October 2016, challenging a new legislative initiative to ‘Stop Abortion’. The podcast explores the movement, unraveling the 'style' of the strike by decoding its symbols. Coat hangers and umbrellas were the material culture of the strike. But by changing registers, these objects became symbols and icons of injustice and activism.
Producer: Saskia Kaltenbrunner. The River Cauca in Colombia has become a graveyard. Until recently, the bodies of unnamed victims of the armed conflict were thrown in the river. Now, Colombia is trying to recover from the violence of the last decades. New economic projects are being set up, but not everyone is benefitting from them. This podcast looks at the significance of bodies and memory, the particular role of the River Cauca, and the efforts of Ríos Vivos to reclaim it.
Producer: Laman Ahmed. One doesn't have to look very far to understand the complexities that disorders encapsulate; simply point to one moment of unrest and a map opens up that lays bear the reasons and intersecting factors that lead up to its eruption and to its end. 'Anatomy of a Coup' seeks to navigate this map, dissect its twists and turns and, understand why any of these events could happened - all in the uniquely complicated situation of the 1977 protests in Pakistan.
Producer: Sika Agopome. In an era of virulent and sensational news, stories surrounding the plight of white South African farmers and how their land is being forcibly taken from them – through the process of land expropriation without compensation – have been emerging. Some argue that these land grabs, enacted by the government, aim to drive South Africa’s white population out of the country. This podcast seeks to address the question of land reform in South Africa, examining expropriation without compensation. In this it hopes to explain what South Africa’s land reform is one of the favorite talking points of far-right groups.
Producer: Marina Pinedo Ocaña. A giant Miss America puppet, a trash can, a very peculiar sheep and around 400 women were enough to make history on September 7, 1968. On this day, theatre and rebellion converged to bring forth one of the most memorable protests of American feminism. This podcast explores, with the help of three excellent professors, the events that occurred during the famous Miss America pageant protest. We analyse the singular techniques used in the protest and unveil the hidden symbolisms behind them. We explain its origins as well as its impact, and explore some of the controversies around it, triggered primarily, as we’ll see, by a very unsympathetic press.
Producer: Tehran Saleh Azzam. Lebanon today is a haunted house: it stands, haunted by the ghosts of a civil war it has yet to recover from and a constitution that discriminates against its own people based on their religious sect. In this podcast, we go on a journey from the Holiday Inn in Beirut, to the little village of Kfarnabrakh, in an attempt to unravel the causes of the war and exorcise the demons that haunt the streets of Lebanon today. The question I ask is ‘Where do we go from here?’ I don’t have a great answer, but I will say one thing: Beware the chameleon.
Producer: Anoshamisa Gonye. In January 2019, Zimbabwe's busiest cities were rocked by turbulent demonstrations and clashes between protestors and police. The images and messages of resistance in the streets were projected to the world through the Internet and social media—until the ZANU–PF Government initiated a full Internet shutdown. Zimbabwe is not alone in this experience; Internet shutdowns are a phenomenon on the rise around the world. This investigation of Zimbabwe’s shutdown explores classic theories of the crowd and delves into the concept of resonance to answer the central question: why do Governments shut down the Internet when faced with civil unrest?
In January 2019, Zimbabwe’s busiest cities were rocked by turbulent demonstrations and clashes between protestors and police. The images and messages of resistance in the streets were projected to the world through the Internet and social media—until the ZANU–PF Government initiated a full Internet shutdown. Zimbabwe is not alone in this experience; Internet shutdowns are a phenomenon on the rise around the world. This investigation of Zimbabwe’s shutdown explores classic theories of the crowd and delves into the concept of resonance to answer the central question: why do Governments shut down the Internet when faced with civil unrest? Special thanks to: Dr Anne Alexander, Co-ordinator, Cambridge Digital Humanities Network, University of Cambridge Dr Illan Wall, Reader, School of Law, University of Warwick
Other Resources Access Now, ‘Internet Shutdowns in Context’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Access Now, ‘#KeepItOn: Joint letter on keeping the internet open and secure in Zimbabwe’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Gordillo G, ‘Resonance and the Egyptian Revolution’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Gordillo G, ‘The Speed of Revolutionary Resistance‘ last accessed 11 April 2019 Magaisa A, ‘Zimbabwe – Silence of the Birds‘ last accessed 11 April 2019 Mawarire E, ‘THE NATIONAL STAY AWAY IS ON WITH IMMEDIATE EFFECT’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Media Institute for Southern Africa, ‘High Court sets aside internet shut down directives’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Media Institute for Southern Africa, ‘Urgent Chamber Application’ Runyanga N, ‘The Case for Internet Shutdown‘ last accessed 11 April 2019 Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission, ‘Monitoring Report in the Aftermath of the 14 January to 16 January 2019 “Stay Away” and Subsequent Disturbances’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘150 percent price rise fails to fill Zimbabwe’s fuel pumps’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Fury as Zimbabwe doubles fuel prices’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe currency crisis: No cash, no bread, no KFC’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe election: Mnangagwa vows ‘brighter tomorrow’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe high court orders government to restore full internet’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe police fire live rounds during general strike protests’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe ‘state agents’ tried to cover up post-election violence, say doctors’ last accessed 11 April 2019 ‘Zimbabwe warns brutal crackdown is ‘foretaste of things to come‘’ last accessed 11 April 2019 Music Swiftwind by Lee Rosevere (Attribution-NonCommercial) Thoughtful by Lee Rosevere (Attribution) Past Catching Up, by Lee Rosevere (Attribution-NonCommercial) Minus by Nctrnm (Attribution) Cloudloop by Lee Rosevere, (Attribution) Puzzle Pieces by Lee Rosevere (Attribution) Fibonacci by Jahzzar (Attribution-ShareAlike) Sound Effects Power of the people from listentostatic (Attribution) TrumpProtest from mloveless89 (Public domain) Protest chant from fredzed (Public domain) ‘A Caravan of Protesters walking from Mabvuku Tafara towards Town. 14/1/2019 7am’ (used with permission) Vibration from jazbavac (Public domain) Texting from squashy555 (Public domain) Texting from KevalP420 (Public domain) Protest02 from karymronda (Public domain)
Malaysia’s first national election of 1969 was a momentous one, ending with the greatest record of political violence and death in its history. 60 years later, the events transpiring May 13 still haunt its citizens and the memory of which has been used to justify radical legal, economical and socio-political changes. This podcast digs deep into the sticky entanglement of race, identity and politics that have become pillars and banes of Malaysia’s history and contemporary culture.
Producer: Dasha Diachenko. The podcast will explore the tragi-comedic elements of the 1991 Soviet Coup that unfolded between the 19th and the 22nd August 1991 – an event that drastically changed the course of world history and ultimately led to the fall of the Soviet Union. Professor Mark Kramer of Harvard University and Dr Daphne Skillen give details of the events leading up to the Coup, why the attempt to preserve the Communist rule failed and whether it could have ever been a success. It was a tragic fight for those who resisted the regime and a cartoonist loss for those who tried to preserve it.
- The Collapse of East European Communism and the Repercussions within the Soviet Union (Part 2) Mark Kramer
- Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20thCentury Practice and 21stCentury Potential (Gene Sharp) Chapter 25: Blocking The Soviet Hard-Line Coup – 1991 (Joshua Paulson)
- Televorot: The Role of Television Coverage in Russia’s August 1991 Coup – Victoria E. Bonnell and Gregory Freidin
- How the Threat (and the Coup) Collapsed: The Politicization of the Soviet Military – Stephen M. Meyer
- Lessons from the 1991 Soviet coup – Martin, Brian; Varney, Wendy.
- Nonviolence and Communication Brian Martin and Wendy Varney I interviewed: Professor Mark Kramer (Harvard University); Dr Daphne Skillen – she is now retired but used to be a journalist who worked with international organizations like the UNDP, EU, IFES, the Soros Foundation and as the UK’s DfID Moscow Media Manager (1996-1998).
Producer: Jade James. The Brixton Riots of 1981 were a conflict between the Brixton community and the Metropolitan Police Force. This podcast explores how a variety of factors such as institutionalised racism which resulted in the marginalisation of the black community, racial tensions between the police and black community and crowd psychology led to the disorder. All of these elements connected and ultimately, served as a catalyst which sparked the Brixton riots of 1981.
THANKS Dr Illan rua Wall, School of Law, University of Warwick Dr William Henry, School of Law and Criminology, University of West London Joy D’Alwis (voices the Margaret Thatcher quotes) Jules Benjamin (voices the poem, ‘Di Great Insohreckshan’ by Linton Kwesi Johnson) MUSIC/SOUND CREDITS Slow Fuzz – Ryan Andersen In Shadows – William Ross Chernoff’s Nomads If You Won’t Choose Me – Pierce Murphy Ground Effect – Parallel Park The Bottlefield Song – Dazie Mae Four-Way – William Ross Chernoff’s Nomads Slinky – Robert John (Sourced from Freemusicarchive.org) Sound Effect Credits Car Starting Police Sirens (Sourced from Freesound.org) SOURCES McPhail C and Wohlstein R, ‘Individual and Collective Behaviours Within Gatherings, Demonstrations and Riots’ (2003) 9(1) Annual Review of Sociology Platts-Fowler D, ‘Beyond the Loot: Social Disorder and Urban Unrest’ (2013) Papers from the British Criminology Conference Reicher S and others, ‘An Integrated Approach to Crowd Psychology and Public Order Policing’ (2004) 27(4) Policing an International Journal of Police Strategies and Management Stott C and Drury J, ‘Contemporary Understanding of Riots: Classical Crowd Psychology, Ideology and the Social Identity Approach’ (2016) 26(1) Public Understanding of Science Stott C, Drury J and Reicher S, ‘On the Role of a Social Identity Analysis in Articulating Structure and Collective Action: The 2011 Riots in Tottenham and Hackney’ (2016) 57(4) British Journal of Criminology Tajfel H and Turner J, ‘An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict’ (1979) 3 The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations Books & Reports Le Bon G, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind(Boomer Books 2008) Scarman Inquiry into the Brixton Riots, April 1981: Lord Scarman’s Report, HO 325/420 Websites Bishop P, ‘When Brixton Went Up in Flames’ (The Guardian, 10 April 2011) Brenton F, Brixton Riots (BlackPast, 13 June 2010) Connell K, ‘Riots Don’t Happen Without a Reason’ (The Guardian, 10 August 2011) John C, The Legacy of the Brixton Riots (BBC News, 5 April 2006) ‘Riots, Rhymes and Reason’ (LKJ Records) Trilling D, ‘Thatcher: The PM Who Brought Racism in From the Cold’ (Verso, 10 April 2013) ‘1981: Brixton Riots Report Blames Racial Tension’ (BBC On This Day, 25 November)
Producer: Tina Kondouli. Athens has a long history of escalating tension between protesting crowds and police forces, but nowhere more so than the district of Exarcheia. From the Polytechnic Uprising of 1973 to the anti-Prespa Agreement protest in January of 2019, the area of Exarcheia has notoriously been at the epicentre of the historic vendetta between discontented citizens and state apparatuses. No event in Greece’s recent history has established this district as a law-defying enclave than the outbreak of riots in 2008, following the death of the young Alexis Grigoropoulos at the hands of a police officer. His death was the catalyst lighting a fire out of the brewing anger and desperation amongst the people of Greece, which was fuelled by violent suppression and lasted for nearly a month. This podcast tells the turbulent story of Exarcheia, from then until now.
Special thanks to: Dr Illan rua Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University Dr Rosa Vasilaki, Department of Social Anthropology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens Pantelis Vatikiotis, Department of New Media, Kadir Has University, Istanbul Cameron Barnfield, History Student, University of Warwick SOURCES Gerodimos R, ‘The Ideology of Far Left Populism in Greece: Blame,Victimhood and Revenge in the Discourse of Greek Anarchists’ (2015) 63(3) Political Studies, Political Studies Association Kalyvas A, ‘An Anomaly? Some Reflections on the Greek December of 2008’ (2010) 17(2) Constellations Sotiris P, ‘Reading revolt as deviance: Greek Intellectuals and the December 2008 revolt of Greek youth’ (2013) 5(2) Interface Sotiris P, ‘Rebels with a Cause: The December 2008 Greek Youth Movement as the Condensation of Deeper Social and Political Contradictions’ (2010) 34(1) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research Vasilaki R, ‘We are an image from the future: Reading back the Athens 2008 riots’ (2017) 39(2) Acta Scientarium, Education Vatikiotis P, ‘Networking activism: implications for Greece’ (2011) 10 Estudos em Comunicação Books Moran M and Waddington D, Riots: An International Comparison (Pallgrave Macmillan 2016) Sagris T, Schwarz G and Void Network, We are an Image from the Future: The Greek Revolt of December 2008 (AK Press 2010) Music and Sound Effects 16mm RCA cine projector. Hand rewind Alex Gross, Possession Battle Crowd, men shouting angrily Crowd of 40-50 men & women in a hall, angry shouting with occasional pauses Deal the Villain, Off Dive bomber attack with pom pom guns, bombs and machine guns – 1975 (500K) Drake Stafford, Excogitate General atmosphere of crowd at protest meeting. (6000 people, recorded outdoors in England.) Heavy Explosion New York – Police sirens, continuous burble Open fire burning Paris Riots, banging on shields, smoke grenades Paris Riots, fire built up & started Platoon marches past, right to left on parade ground, without spoken command. (Recorded at Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.) (NB Platoon = 24 Men) Podington Bear, Sad Cyclops Riot in Belfast – with breaking glass, rubber bullets, distant cries and chants Rous, Eksaireseis Rous, Voutia Sto Keno Willbe, Wayback Yan Terrien, Roxody Blues
Producer: Joseph Gitata. At the turn of the 21st century, decades of political turmoil, economic instability and neoliberal development policy in Bolivia resulted in a battle that pitted corporate interests against the basic needs of everyday life. In one corner, a corporate behemoth backed by titans of the international economic system and by the government whose citizens it sought to extort; in the other, the citizens of Cochabamba, Bolivia - unbowed by the power of their opponents. This podcast will narrate the events which culminated in the Cochabamba Water War and evaluate why the citizens of Cochabamba were so successful in their expression of constituent power.
At the turn of the 21st century, decades of turmoil, instability and neoliberal development policy in Bolivia resulted in a battle that pitted corporate interests against the basic needs of everyday life. In one corner, a corporate behemoth backed by titans of the international economic system and by the government whose citizens it sought to extort; in the other, the citizens of Cochabamba, Bolivia – unbowed by the power of their opponents. This podcast will narrate the events which culminated in the Cochabamba Water War and evaluate why the citizens of Cochabamba were so successful in their expression of constituent power. SPECIAL THANKS:
Dr Illan rua Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University. James Shultz, Executive Director of The Democracy Center. Professor Susan Spronk, Associate Professor of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa. SOURCES: Assies W, ‘David versus Goliath in Cochabamba: Water Rights, Neoliberalism, and the Revival of Social Protest in Bolivia’, 30 Latin American Perspectives 3 (May 2003) Chàvarro J M, ‘Emergence and Protection of the Human Right to Water’ Spronk S, ‘Roots of Resistance to Urban Water Privatization in Bolivia: The “New Working Class,” the Crisis of Neoliberalism, and Public Services’, 71 International Labor and Working-Class History, (Spring, 2007), pp. 8-28 World Bank Report Number 17610-BO (April 17th, 1998)
United Nations Water Development Report Number 2 (2006)
Shultz J, ‘The Water War Dispatches in Full’ MUSIC: Milton Arias – Poldoro Milton Arias – Gordo Jos Sams N – Measure Mouth Daniel Birch – Low Force Daniel Birch – Sinking in The Rain DOCUMENTARIES: Blue Gold: World Water Wars (2008) by Sam Bozzo MOVIES: Tambien la lluvia (2012) by Icíar Bollain
Producer: Erika Grimshaw. Students have always taken to the streets; from as early as the Middle Ages, students have exercised their political voices. But the student protests of the 20thcentury were beyond movements that were at one time fleeting, and fragmented. This podcast takes the listener back to France 1968 and South Korea 1980, and explains how two seemingly disconnected protests, which ended in bloody battles and military suppression, are examples of a worldwide social phenomenon unique to the 20th century.
Bio Erika Grimshaw is a 2018 University of Warwick graduate who currently holds an Assistant Ombudsman position at the UK’s first Rail Ombudsman.
Credits Special thanks to: Dr Illan Rua Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University. Lisa Heledd Jones, Director of Storyworks UK. Professor George Katsiaficas, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Professor Gerard DeGroot, University of St Andrews Language students at the University of Warwick Articles Berger S, ‘Politics and Antipolitics in Western Europe in the Seventies’’ (1979) 108(1) Daedalus Boudon R, ‘Sources of Student Protest in France’ (1971) 395 The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Jean A, ‘The Socio-Economic Background of the Gwangju Uprising’ (2003) 25(2) New Political Science Mahoney D J, ‘1968 and the Meaning of Democracy’ (Fall 2008) The Intercollegiate Review Books Chubb D L, Contentious Activism and Inter-Korean Relations (Columbia University Press 2014) Katsiaficas G, The Imagination of the New Left: A Global Analysis of 1968 (South End Press 1987) The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life (AK Press 2007) Lewis L S, Laying Claim to the Memory of May: A Look Back at the 1980 Kwangju Uprising (University of Hawaii Press 2002) Touraine A (translated by Leonard F. X Mayhew) The May Movement (Random House 1971) Contributed Works Fields A B, ‘The Revolution Betrayed: The French Student Revolt of May-June 1968’ in Seymour Martin Lipset and Philip G. Altbach Students in Revolt (Houghton Mifflin Company 1969) DeGroot G, ‘Introductory Essay’ in Gerard J. DeGroot, Student Protest The Sixties and After (Addison Wesley Longman 1998) Gordon Bertram, ‘The Eyes of the Marcher: Paris, May 1968- Theory and Its Consequences’ in Gerard J. DeGroot, Student Protest The Sixties and After (Addison Wesley Longman 1998) Klimke M and Scharloth J, ‘1968 in Europe: An Introduction’ in Martin Klimke and Joachim Scharloth, 1968 in Europe: A History of Protest and Activism, 1956-1977 (Palgrave Macmillan 2008) Lipset S M, ‘Students and Politics in Comparative Perspective’ in Seymour Martin Lipset and Philip G. Altbach, Students in Revolt (Houghton Mifflin Company 1969) Lipset S M, ‘The Possible Effects of Student Activism on International Politics’ in Seymour Martin Lipset and Philip G. Altbach, Students in Revolt (Houghton Mifflin Company 1969) Pinner F A, ‘Western European Student Movements Through Changing Times’ in Seymour Martin Lipset and Philip G. Altbach Students in Revolt (Houghton Mifflin Company 1969) Rootes C, ‘Student Activism in France: 1968 and After’ in Philip G. Cerny, Social Movements and Protest in France (Frances Pinter Publishers 1982) Whalen J and Flacks R, Beyond the Barricades The Sixties Generation Grows Up (Temple University Press 1989) Websites Han C, ‘Kwangju Uprising’ (Encyclopaedia Britannica) ‘May 1968 events in France’ (Wikipedia) Music and Sound Effects Orchestral Suspense Loop 1 Orchestral Suspense Loop 3 Accordion Dramatic Uprising Pulse Nine Lies the Heart HopefulAmbience1 UTS-15 Shotgun with pump action 9mm gunshot Big Crash Angry Mob Rowdy Crowd Rewind of a magnetic tape Tape recorder rewind AM static Army Helicopter Car Burning (All music sourced from users of Freesound.org)
Producer: Winnie Orbih
On the morning of June 16, 1976, thousands of students from the African township of Soweto, outside Johannesburg, gathered at their schools to participate in a student-organized protest demonstration against the imposition of Afrikaans. It was meant to be a peaceful protest but hundreds were killed in the police response. This podcast details the dramatic events that took, place on the day, which marked the beginning of the end of the Apartheid system. Bio Winifred Orbih is currently undertaking the Nigerian Bar Examination and graduated from Warwick Law School in 2018. With Special Thanks Dr Illan Rua Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, Warwick University. Lisa Heledd Jones, Director of Storyworks UK. Professor Noor Nieftagodien, South African Research Chair: Local Histories, Present Realities, Head of History Workshop, University of Witwatersrand. Dr Matt Graham, Lecturer in History, University of Dundee. Music Bruce Miller,Music of Children and Teachers Eastern Uganda Daniel Birch,Elevator Game End of Winter,Rest You Sleeping Giant Komiku, Ultra Person Vol 4 MC Cullah,Cullahnary School (All music obtained from freemusicarchive.org) Books Baruch Hirson,Year of Fire, Year of Ash The Soweto Revolt: Roots of a Revolution? David Welsh, The Rise and Fall of Apartheid. Håkan Thörnn, Anti-apartheid and the emergence of a global civil society. Marks Chabedi, State Power, Violence, Crime and Everyday Life: A Case Study of Soweto in Post-Apartheid South Africa Paul Dubow, Apartheid, 1948-1994. Robert Harvey, The Fall of Apartheid: The Inside Story from Smuts to Mbeki. Robin Cohen, Yvonne Methien and Abebe Zegeye (eds.),Repression and Resistance: Insider Accounts of Apartheid. Journals Ali Khangela Hlongwane, The mapping of the June 16 1976 Soweto student uprisings routes: past recollections and present reconstruction(s). Archie Mafeje, Soweto and Its Aftermath. Christo Van Rensburg, Afrikaans and apartheid. France N. Ntloedibe, The Road to Soweto: Resistance and the Uprising of 16 June 1976. Gary Baines,The Master Narrative of South Africa’s Liberation Struggle: Remembering and Forgetting June 16, 1976. Helena Pohlandt-McCormick, Winnie Mandela and the 1976 Soweto Uprising. Ruth Kerkham Simbao, The Thirtieth Anniversary of the Soweto Uprisings: Reading the Shadow in Sam Nzima’s Iconic Photograph of Hector Pieterson. Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu, The Soweto Uprising. Siobhan Glanvill, Analysing the Construction of South African Youth in Historical-Related Images and Texts Around the Time of 16 June 2011. Thesis Frederik Johannus Kooijmans, The Politics of Youth and Violence in the Townships of Johannesburg. Ian Martin Macqueen, Re-Imagining South Africa: Black Conciousness, Radical Christianity and the New Left, 1967-1977. James Canvin,From Skollies to Revolutionaries: The Shift of Identity in a Cape Town Generation in Re- sponse to the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Mafu Solomon Rakometsi, The Transformation of Black School Education in South Africa, 1950-1994: A Historical Perspective. Monica Eileen Patterson, Constructions of Childhood in Apartheid’s Last Decades Rachel E. Johnson,Making History, Gendering Youth : Young Woman and South Africa’s Liberation Struggles after 1976 . Simon McGrat,Learning to Work? Changing Discourses on Education and Training in South Africa, 1976-96. Stephanie Bell, Unequal Education? Knowledge-based limitations on substantive citizenship in South Africa.
Producer: Segun Awolowo
Football goes further than which team scored the most goals. Football has the power to bring people together like no other sport. But what happens when these people are together not to celebrate but for other reasons? This podcast considers the phenomenon that is football hooliganism as well as its birth and developments over time. Rather than the plain view that hooliganism is just fighting, this podcast aims to go deeper and analyze reasons why these men act the way they do. The podcast looks at European ‘Hooligans’ as well as ‘Ultras’ in the middle east and how their ideological differences affect the ways in which they interact with the state. Segun Awolowo, graduated from Warwick Law School 2018 and is currently undertaking the Nigerian Bar Examination. With Special Thanks Mr. James Dorsey, Award-winning journalist and a senior fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University Dr Illan Rua Wall, Associate Professor in the School of law, Warwick University Lisa Heledd Jones, Director of Storyworks UK Music Zedkah – West Ham Bubbles, org WavePlayOld – 90 bpm chill beat, org Hz37 – Hooligans soccer station Utrecht, org Kaumodaki – Gente gritando por argentina en futbol, org Karymronda – Protest02, org
Producer: Suvi Jokinen
On November 24th 2016 the Colombian Congress ratified a peace treaty with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. This lead to the disarmament of thousands of guerrilla soldiers. However, the reintegration of these former guerrilla combatants in Colombia has failed to adequately address individual complexities such as gender and age. This has left many of the former combatants without structure in their lives. Many have skills which they’ve had to leaveunused since the disarmament, as their decades long training has not been considered valuable. They have been unable to become a part of the Colombian society again, despite a formal networkof reintegration coined by some as “The best in the world”. These ex guerrillas are not only the perpetrators, but also victims of the conflict, as they too have lost family members, friends, loved ones, and a way of living. This is not considered in the reintegration programmes. The former combatants should be dealt with as valuable survivors of the 50-year conflict in Colombia. Bio Suvi Jokinen is pursuing her undergraduate in law in the University of Warwick, graduating in 2020. Music credits La Guanábana by La Floresta Zaire ’54 by Eaters Volveré by La Floresta L’amic invisible by Terratombats Wellam – Cumbianchina by Pakapi Records Special thanks Maria Angelica Prada Uribe María Estrada Fuentes.
Producer: Riya Bains
This podcast investigates the use of para-military policing techniques in protests. It aims to understand the origins of these methods and reasons behind their increasing use. The latter half explores the use of these methods in the USA at protests such as Ferguson.
Riya Bains is pursuing a Legal Practice Course from January 2019 and graduated from Warwick Law School in 2018.
Sources Jefferson, ‘The case against para-military policing’ N. Redekop, ‘Beyond Control: a mutual respect approach to protest crowd-police relations’ Balko, ‘Overkill: the rise of para-military raids in America’
Movies Atkinson, ‘Do not resist’ Journal articles B. Kraska, ‘Militarisation and policing- its relevance to 21stCentury Police’ McMichael, ‘Pacification and police: a critique of the police militarization thesis’ Wall, ‘Police Atmotechnics: Crowded Affects & the Policing of Protest’ Glass, ‘The London G20 Protests: A Bruising Experience?’ Passavant, ‘Policing protest in the post Fordist City’ Jefferson, ‘Pondering para-militarism: a question of standpoints?’ Hoggett and Stott, ‘The role of crowd theory in determining the use of force in public order policing’ Reicher, ‘An integrated approach to crowd psychology and public order policing’ Netpol, ‘What Netpol’s new report says about the policing of anti-fracking protests in 2017’ A.J Waddington, ‘Toward paramilitarism? Dilemmas in policing civil disorder’ Della Porta and Reiter, ‘Policing protest the control of mass demonstrations in Western Democracies’ Vitale, ‘From negotiated management to command and control: how New York Police Department policies protests’ McCarth and McPhail, ‘Policing Protests’ Martin, ‘The riot act: evidence that a paramilitary police response actually ramps up violence’ Lieblich and Shinar, ‘The case against police militarization’ Dansky, ‘Police militarisation is out of control, there is no oversight’ Rivas, ‘Militarisation of the police force: causes and the alternative’ Bolduc, ‘Global insecurity: how risk theory gave rise to global police militarization’ Truner, ‘Public servants or police soldiers? An analysis of opinions on the militarization of policing from police executives, law enforcement and members of the 114thCongress US house of representatives’ News articles Benchaabane, ‘Protesters march on street, at police headquarters in Ferguson’ The Guardian, ‘Police in Ferguson gave a lesson in how not to respond to protests’ Van Der Zee, ‘G20 Climate Camp anger simmers in the kettle’ The Guardian, ‘Police used kittling tactic too readily on protest march’ Lewis, ‘A history of police kettling’ Edwards, ‘G20 to be most expensive police operation in British history’ Ordre, ‘The British public would not trust or accept armed police’ Ordre, ‘Now is not the time for police to use water cannon and baton rounds’ Al Jazeera Staff, ‘Congress scrutinizes police militarization before planned Ferguson protest’ BBC, ‘Police clash with G20 protestors’ Laville, ‘Police tactics at fracking protests need urgent review, says MEP’ Jones, J. Percival and P. Lewis, ‘G20 protests: riot police clash with demonstrators’ Ordre, ‘The challenges of policing protest’ Halliday, ‘Tensions rise at fracking site in UK after police and activists clashes’ Chopra, ‘Police Militarisation’ Dodd, ‘Police warn big budget cuts will lead to paramilitary force’ Stamper, ‘Paramilitary policing from Seattle to Occupy Wall Street’ Linddara, ‘The Ferguson Effect’ a theory that’s warping the American crime debate, explained’ Interviewees Dr Illan rua Wall Dr Vern Redekop Dr Peter Kraska Background music Do Not Resist (movie and trailer) ‘Questioned and tense’ by Winjer 3 Clips From Do Not Resist: Senator Claire McCaskgill James Comey Police attitude to military style training
Producer: Renée Liew
This podcast explores the 1989 Tiananmen Square student protest by focusing on the Goddess of Democracy sculpture created by the protestors. It develops two different timeframes of Tiananmen Square: It begins with the student-made sculpture as part of the battle of space, where monuments held an especial significance; And then it moves to the memorialisation in both China and Hong Kong, demonstrating how each has re-written the event through their constituent sculptures.
Bio Liew Shao Jie, Renée graduated from Warwick Law School in 2018 and is pursuing an MA in Drama and Theatre Education. With special thanks: Dr Marco Wan, Associate Professor of Law & Honorary Associate Professor of English, University of Hong Kong Dr Daniel Matthews, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Hong Kong Dr Illan Rua Wall, Associate Professor at the School of Law, University of Warwick UK Lisa Heledd Jones , Director of Storyworks UK Joel Lam, Nanyang Business School Graduate 2012, Singapore Djamel Lamari, BSc International Management student, University of Warwick UK Music/ audio Daniel Birch, Marimba On The Hunt, Ambient Vol. 2 Ketsa, PC Plodder, Creative Centre Lee Rosevere, A List of Ways to Die, The Big Loop Ketsa, Sun Won’t Rise, Jar of Dreams Jan Morgenstern, Bleem Changes Everything, The Secret Number com, Tank Drive By Chris Zabriskie, I am Running Down the Long Hallway of Viewmont Elementary, I am a Man Who Will Fight for Your Honour Soularflair, Static Sea Devil Music Ensemble, Captured, Soundtrack to Red Heroine Devil Music Ensemble, Grandmother, Soundtrack to Red Heroine 6klop, Mir, Naskigo The Conet Project, Unidentified Chinese Station Lobo Loco, Space Machine Flight (ID 872), Space or Fly Lobo Loco, Technetium Planet (ID 807), Space or Fly elconEstharoe, Do you have the belief that your couch is a gate to another dimension?!- Part 1 elconEstharoe, Do you have the belief that your couch is a gate to another dimension?!- Part 3 Frequency Decree, Platypus, Dubbed Transient, Quietest 02, Quietest
Producer: Annabelle Lymberry (2018) The podcast will explore the potential of music to generate government-endorsed sentiments and identities, whilst also carrying the potential to fuel the fire of revolt and protest. There is a profound power in music. It appeals to something that exceeds the semantics of language. From Beethoven to Bowie, from Hitler to Hip-Hop, from Shostakovich to Shrillex, music has been utilised to shape and reflect the conditions of our society. Music does not require in-depth analysis to be understood, it is something that we experience with a sensual force that resonates with the listener, a non-discursive sonority. Colourful harmony and meaningful melodies have provided the catalyst soundtracks to movements of change or have been manipulated to compose the anthems of autocrats. Music serves this double-sided, paradoxical function wherein it can be deployed by tyrants as a weapon of mass distraction ordaining government-endorsed sentiments and identities, whilst simultaneously being harnessed by those oppressed to articulate the ‘unwelcome’ sounds of resistance against that very regime. Bio Annabelle Lymbery has just begun her final year studying law at the University of Warwick. From a young age, music has been an integral part of her life; having the opportunity to produce a podcast exploring the paradoxical link between music and legal orders of society was something she was very passionate about. It was a topic that actually sparked her interest two-years preceding the creation of the podcast during her studies of music; whilst she was supposed to be studying the intricate musical aspect of the compositions of Shostakovich, she found herself drawn to the political context behind this soviet musicians’ life. She was delighted to be able intertwine her love of music with her studies in law. Music Credits Lee Rosever- Everywhere Daniel Birch- Low Force Daniel Birch – Environmental disaster zone Daniel Birch- Sleep Special thanks to… Professor Sara Ramshaw, University of Victoria, Faculty of Law Lisa Heledd Jones, Storyworks UK Illan rua Wall, University of Warwick
Producer: Shamilka Hewagama
Colombia has faced unrelenting conflict between the State, paramilitaries and guerrilla groups for over 50 years. In 2016, a final agreement was reached between the State and FARC (the biggest revolutionary group). But instead of a simple switch from a state of civil war to a state of post-conflict, violence still prevails across Colombia. The podcast will focus on each perpetrating group that contributes to these continuities of violence, and their impact on the Nasa people, in particular.
Shamilka Hewagama, currently pursuing a Masters in International Development Law and Human Rights; and graduated from Warwick Law School, 2018. Acknowledgment of thanks: Interviewee: Dr Catherine Turner, Associate of Law at Durham University Voiceover: Delcio de Carvalho, BEng Aerospace Systems student, Coventry University Acknowledgment of Music: 01110010: ‘One Nature’ Ars Sonor: ‘21 (Forest Mix)’ Balinese Marching Band: ‘Les Cartes Postales Sonores’ Big Blood: ‘Endless Peace’ Broke For Free: ‘The Collector’ Chogo El Bandeo: ‘Buscando iguanas’ Chogo El Bandeo: ‘Cuando el negro roba’ Chogo El Bandeo: ‘Sembrador Divino’ Chogo El Bandeo: ‘Una loca pasin’ Linden Killam: ‘An Ordinary Day In The Life Of A Superhero’ Monplaisir: ‘This tuning is so dramatic’ No Nature: ‘Sad Song’ Podington Bear: ‘Sad Cyclops’ Saito Koji: ‘Hope Loop’ Trans Atlantic Rage: ‘A Birth of a Peaceful Internal Renaissance’ Articles & Books: Carolina Olarte: ‘Understanding the political economy of transitional justice: A critical theory perspective’ Carolina Olarte Olarte & Illan rua Wall: ‘The Occupation of Public Space in Bogota´: Internal Displacement and the City’ Catherine Turner: ‘Law and Critique’, “Flags, protests, politics and Transition in Northern Ireland” Catherine Turner: ‘Violence, Law and the Impossibility of Transitional Justice’ TeleSur: ‘Colombia’s Indigenous Protest Paramilitary Bloodshed in Cauca’ Documentaries: CGTN America, ‘Colombian tribe applies indigenous justice on FARC guerrilla members’ Vice, ‘Colombia’s Hidden Killers’ Vimeo, ‘Preserving Culture in Post-Conflict Colombia’ Yves Billon, ‘50 Anos de Monte’ (1999)