Inside Exercise: Recent Episodes
Glenn McConell
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise physiology and metabolism and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience (University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, University of Copenhagen and Victoria University). He has published 120 journal articles and recently put together a 17 chapter Exercise Metabolism eBook with world experts.
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Lykke Sylow from The University of Copenhagen. She is a rising star in exercise metabolism and in particular the effect of exercise on cancer. This is the second podcast episode on exercise and cancer (See Professor Kathryn Schmitz episode #9).
Remarkably she said that if you are a non-smoker your biggest risk of getting cancer is inactivity. Not clear if this is independent of obesity etc. Can associated with a reduction of insulin sensitivity and also cachexia (with the loss of muscle mass is very important). The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance. Exercise can reduce the likelihood of getting cancer, improve the prognosis during cancer treatment and reduce the likely of getting cancer again. There is even evidence that exercise can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce the extent of metastasis. Really remarkable stuff. A lot more research is needed to clarify these things. X: @lykkesylow
0:00. Introduction
2:40. Lykke is a rising star
3:59. Cancer and exercise overview
6:09. Wasting of muscle mass with cancer
7:00. Evidence that exercise reduces the risk of getting cancer
11:40. Inactivity / obesity and cancer
13:03. Glucose metabolism and cancer
15:20. Cancer cachexia
19:05. The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance
22:55. Cancer cachexia/ loss of muscle mass
29:30. When loss weight tend to lose muscle
30:30. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia
33:20. Pre cancer muscle mass/strength and survival
35:50. With cancer insulin resistance may come before cachexia
40:07. What do different cancers have different effects?
41:48. Exercise can improve tolerance to cancer treatment/fatigue
46:20. Does exercise reverse the insulin sensitivity with cancer
46:30. Exercise increases muscle glucose use during and after exercise
52:10. Exercise during chemotherapy treatment
54:55. What kind/type of exercise are we talking about?
1:01:20. Mechanisms/AMPK
1:03:25. Exercise reduces fatigue in cancer
1:04:13. Exercise may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy
1:06:25. Exercise may reduce metastasis of cancer
1:08:30. Sex differences, cancer and exercise
1:12:20. Age, cancer and exercise
1:15:15. Availability of exercise in oncology departments
1:18:50. Diet vs exercise in cancer treatment
1:19:50. Strength vs endurance training with cancer
1:21:22. Takeaway messages
1:26:23. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paul D. Thompson who is Chief of Cardiology, Emeritus at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT and Professor of Medicine, Emeritus at the University of Connecticut. He has published over 500 peer reviewed journal articles, was a past President of the American College of sports medicine (ACSM) and was a impressively fast marathon runner. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on sport cardiology (See Professor Benjamin Levine and Associate Professor Andre La Gerche’s episodes). We covered a lot of ground. There is a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation in athletes (is it due to larger hearts?). We discussed possible reasons why coronary artery calcium/calcification is higher in athletes. He recommends 8000 steps done vigorously per day. Exercise is very important for your health. What exercise to do depends on your goals and health status. See time stamps further much more. We discuss his free substack called 500 rules of cardiology.
0:00. Introduction
2:40. Previous IE podcast episodes on sports cardiology
5:30. Worked with ex physiol legend David Costill
8:00. Ex physiol legend Bengt Saltin
9:00. More than 500 publications, importance of collaboration
10:45. Can exercise have negative effects on the heart?
13:00. More atrial fibrillation in athletes (due to larger hearts?)
20:30. Genetics and exercise
25:15. Was excellent marathoner
27:30. Exercise and right ventricle “fatigue”
32:00. Genetics, exercise and longevity
34:10. Cut off points/prevalence of increased risk of atrial fibrillation
36:26. Atrial fibrillation, blood thinners and strokes
39:30. Daily aspirin and heart risk
42:42. Why coronary artery calcium/calcification (CAC) higher in athletes?
48:40. Sex differences
51:03. Less heart beats per day in endurance athletes
53:40. Athletes, higher CAC and cardiovascular events
56:15. Exercise reduces cardiovascular events
58:30. Almost never restricts exercise in patients
1:00:20. Rationale to train hard
1:02:30. Most bang for your buck if less fit to start with
1:05:30. Cadence and turbulence in artery
1:09:30. Better athletes have more heart issues
1:11:40. Exercise intensity and coronary calcification
1:13:55. Walking and the heart
1:18:00. Fit handle operations/illnesses better
1:20:17. Statins and muscle pain /cholesterol
1:24:15. Medications vs lifestyle in diabetes
1:26:32. Metformin and exercise adaptations
1:27:15. Sudden death during exercise
1:29:25. Coronary narrowing and heart attacks
1:31:45. Best athletes have larger aortas
1:35:20. Intermittent fasting /ketosis
1:38:45. Exercise intensity and heart adaptations
1:39:40. Pay attention to symptoms
1:41:55. Broke his hip in a bike accident, cycles now
1:43:25. Exercise training early in life /epigenetics
1:47:05. Drugs and exercise performance
1:49:20. Environmental factors: eg walking to school
1:51:52. Cardiac sex differences re exercise
1:54:05. Wise advice
1:58:45. Be mindful of the media’s take on exercise
2:00:25. Takeaway messages
2:02:12. His free substack 500 rules of cardiology
2:02:59. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Bryan Heiderscheit from the University of Wisconsin in USA. He is an expert on running injuries. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Professor Irene Davis’s and Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen’s episodes). Bryan focuses on overstriding and how increasing the stride rate can reduce overstriding and therefore running injuries. The importance of making gradual changes in all aspects. Different kinds of running injuries when land on the forefoot vs the heel. He thinks the type of shoes (minimalist vs cushioned etc) doesn’t make much difference to running injury rates etc. If bouncing up and down when running then may be overstriding which can result in injury. Some people bounce more but don’t overstride, some people overstride but don’t bounce and some do both. Bryan likes to try altering the stride rate/cadence to reduce over striding in an attempt to reduce bouncing and therefore, hopefully, running injuries. Bryan and the previous running. We also discussed causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting. A very interesting chat that brought together not only his research but also the previous two episodes on running injuries.
0:00. Introduction
3:16. Similarities/differences re the 3 interviews on running injuries
8:36. How Bryan got into running injury research
10:53. Running injuries when land on the forefoot vs heel
17:02. Specificity: function vs capacity
20:08. Do cushioned shoes increases injuries?
26:04. Injury rates /injury risks
28:45. Accumulation of strides, resilience, loads
31:30. The centre of mass movement during running (bounce)
34:20. Changing gait to alter centre of mass movement
36:50. Overstriding re centre of mass
40:20. Overstriding and eccentric load on the knee
41:15. Cadence/step rate to alter overstriding/bounce
45:38. Speed of runner and how land when running
47:13. Loading rate and injuries
49:08. Some overstride but don’t bounce and vice versa
50:42. Experience of runner and overstriding
52:40. Elite runners and extent of overstriding
55:26. Gait retraining and injury rates
57:14. Step rate increase when land on forefoot
1:00:01. Other causes of running injuries
1:00:50. Need shoes to control pronation?
1:03:26. Causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting
1:06:43. Bone density reduction after bone injury
1:08:25. When ready to return after ACL reconstruction?
1:10:00. Takeaway messages
1:11:49. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen from Aarhus University who is an expert on the affect of training load and shoes on running-related injuries. This is the second of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Prof Irene Davis’s episode).
Rasmus went from an overweight gamer to an injured runner to a exercise researcher! His research focuses on injury prevention, especially the importance of training load. Need to make slow changes. Seems don’t need motion control shoes for those with “excess pronation”. His main point is that one needs to give the body enough time to adapt or the likelihood of injury is increased. So don’t suddenly change things. This includes speed, distance, shoes, terrain etc. How gradual is gradual though? There tend to be different injuries from running long vs running fast (and when returning to running one should consider the cause of the original injury). What do in leisure time affects the total load. Shoes and running injuries. Very interesting stuff.
0:00. Introduction
3:05. Rasmus focuses on injury prevention
4:50. The importance of training load with injuries
8:10. Went from overweight gamer to runner to exercise researcher
15:12. “Excessive pronation” doesn’t increase injuries
20:20. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.
21:38. Injury rates
23:50. Don’t suddenly change things
25:00. Should increase 5-10% a week?
26:35. Injury from one session vs more chronic effects
30:20. Running speed, distance and load
32:40. Stride length and stride rate
36:00. Gradual changes are very important
40:08. Different injuries when run long vs fast
43:02. Don’t do too much too soon (change shoes, different terrain etc)
48:45. Generally the body can adapt if give it time
50:40. Might be good to have different shoes if used to them
53:50. How gradual is gradual though?
59:20. What do in leisure time affects the total load
1:02:27. Rearfoot vs forefoot strike and injuries
1:07:08. Evolution and running shoes, fan of minimalist shoes?
1:10:35. Training load needs to be considered in injury research
1:16:43. Quantifying load per stride etc
1:21:00. Recovery from injury (plantar fasciitis)
1:24:02. Shoes and running injuries
1:27:05. “Super shoes” and injury risk
1:28:48. Recovery from achilles tendon recovery
1:31:32. Running and knee osteoarthritis
1:33:53. Strength training and running injuries
1:39:00. Aging, stretching and running injuries
1:42:37. Sex differences and running injuries
1:44:23. Takeaway messages
1:46:26. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Irene Davis from the University of South Florida who is a top running injuries researcher and the current president of the American College of Sports Medicine. She makes the argument that we were born to run and have evolved to land on the ball of the foot during running and this reduces impact load compared with landing on the heel. Modern running shoes tend to increase the likelihood of landing on one’s heel. She is a fan of minimalist shoes, which tend to result in landing on the forefoot not the heel. She also believes that neutral shoes are best rather than the commonly advised shoes that attempt to minimize pronation. In addition, she also believes that if one has stubborn injuries and have tried other rehabilitation retraining your running gait may be helpful. Not a huge fan of orthotics. I was actually blown away by the chat and very motivated by it. Really fun stuff. Twitter: @IreneSDavis0:00. Introduction to podcast/Irene Davis3:05. How Irene got into exercise research6:43. Running injuries took off when started running shoes13:30. Variability of loading results in less injuries18:50. Rear foot landers have weak calves19:54. Born to run22:00. Calves vs tibialis anterior/shin splints23:00. Running boom and padded running shoes27:00. Landing on the ball of the foot reduces impact load32:15. Cushioned shoes tended to cause heel landing33:40. Tarahumara Mexican tribe use minimalist type shoes35:30. Tibial shock when running on different surfaces36:55. Running barefoot and with minimalist shoes40:45. Training in cushioned shoes then racing in flats42:40. The recent more efficient plated shoes46:55. Flared shoes and greater pronation49:40. Should change running gait?53:50. Retraining running gait1:02:18. Should change to minimalist shoes to land on ball of foot?1:06:40. Should use orthotics?1:10:10. Preparing to run with minimalist shoes1:18:50. This is, however, controversial1:28:32. Microtears in muscle/stress fractures1:30:06. Warming up, stretching, ice useful?1:35:10. Body weight and injuries1:36:47. Can anyone run?1:39:00. Q angle and leg length running injuries1:42:00. Taping the patellar tendon1:42:45. What % should increase running per week?1:43:55. Listen to your body1:45:00. Irene: her running and injuries etc1:50:00. Not a fan of super shoes1:52:17. Need to minimize pronation?1:53:48. Retraining gait1:56:07. Sex differences1:57:00. Age1:58:35. Her prestigious role as President of ACSM2:02:02. Takeaway messages2:03:10. Never too late to change to minimalist shoes2:03:55. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr David Martin. David has a remarkable and varied background starting off as a research scientist at the Australian Institute Sport and then National Sports Science Coordinator at Cycling Australia. He then became Director, Performance Research and Development at the Philadelphia 76ers. He is currently Chief Scientist, Director of Performance at Apeiron Life, San Francisco where he works to improve the healthspan of high net worth individuals. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the Australian Catholic University. We talked about all of this with a focus on the importance of belief systems in sports performance, how placebo effects are real, the use of placebos/belief effects in sports etc. A really interesting chat. I learned a lot. Twitter: davidtmartin
0:00. Introduction to podcast and David Martin
3:20. Testing Lance Armstrong and Cadel Evans
8:00. Thermoregulation, Heat susceptibility
9:10. Derek Clayton
10:35. Amy Gillett Foundation
11:40. Physiological attributes vs belief for exercise performance
18:05. Cycling selection camps based on combat selection
23:00. Belief effect
25:20. Placebo effect of altitude training
33:25. Does EPO (Erythropoietin) have its own effects on perf etc?
38:00. Placebo effects on pain and depression etc
42:00. The “I went to Harvard” /credentials etc effect
45:05. Lying to win and Belief vs evidence
47:05. How handle if mismatch between belief and evidence
53:20. Real physiological effects of placebos
1:01:40. How much of perf effect of CHO ingestion is belief effect
1:03:10. Believable vs well informed people in sports team
1:05:40. Importance of belief in the coach
1:09:40. Physiological needs of the specific sport
1:13:40. David and the Philadelphia 76ers
1:19:00. NBA and trust/protection/managing
1:23:53. His ideas and finishing up at the Philadelphia 76ers
1:26:20. Regretted not going fully into academia?
1:28:22. Rather fight 1000 x 1lb chickens or 1 x 1000 lb chicken?
1:30:24. Balancing S&C needs and the coaches needs
1:32:55. Reducing injuries in team sports
1:34:55. Importance of pre-season conditioning
1:35:40. Balance of winning vs how much money can make
1:38:40. Lower body strength in NBA vs track cyclists
1:41:18. Improving healthspans of high net worth individuals
1:53:10. A focus on healthspan rather than lifespan
1:58:55. Evidence base re supplements
2:03:45. Miss the adrenaline of working with athletes?
2:05:12. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Haykowsky from the University of Alberta, Canada and remarkable heart transplant recipients Dwight Kroening, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Elmar Sprink, Cologne, Germany. Dwight was very fit before a heart defect resulted in his heart transplantation (HT) way back in 1986. Elmar was an endurance athlete who suffered a series of cardiac arrests before his HT 12 years ago. They have undertaken Ironman triathlons and more. Both had VO2 maxes in the high 50s! (ml/kg/min). They embody the importance of exercise. Really motivating stuff, incredible. I loved this chat with these three remarkable people. Twitter: @mhaykows0:00. Introduction5:40. How Mark got into this area of research8:40. History of heart transplantation (HT)10:00. The age of the heart donors/recipients11:15. The transplanted heart doesn’t perform as well15:45. Reinnervation of the heart16:45. Heart rate during exercise after HT18:55. Dwight before the HT26:00. Matching donor/ recipient30:00. Time from donor death until HT32:20. Matching/rejection/immunosuppression35:10. Elmar before HT46:35. Elmar’s resting lactate was 11mmol/l52:20. Time from diagnosis to transplant54:00. Vascular and skeletal muscle impacts56:00. Dwight’s heart donor58:05. Dwight belief in exercise after HT1:04:15. Importance of being fit before HT1:05:25. Dwight’s VO2 max1:06:30. Very high O2 extractions1:07:25. Dwight motivated Mark to exercise!1:10:50. Elmar’s exercise journey after HT1:13:15. Delay in heart rate increases during exercise1:15:10. Triathlon 1 yr, Ironman 2 yrs after HT1:18:00. Cape Epic in South Africa1:20:00. Elmar better than before heart issues!1:23:20. They can hold the same HR for hours that most HT recipients can hold for 1 min1:25:40. Most HT recipients don’t ex train1:27:30. Muscle issues after transplant1:30:00. World transplant games1:32:10. Doctor loved being wrong about exercise1:33:10. HT recipients and HR delay1:35:10. These guys push the importance of exercise!1:38:30. Max HR with age after HT 1:39:50. Reinnervation after HT1:42:40. Heart stiffer after HT1:44:02. Ex training and cardiac output/left ventricle adaptations1:47:10. Most adaptations to training in HT are peripheral1:49:20. These 2 the fittest HR recipients ever1:51:18. Exercise the key to longevity1:52:24. Dwight feels poorly when doesn’t exercise1:53:20. Go back to old new normal/legacy effect1:55:10. Their prognosis1:57:10. Dwight: More to life than the physical2:02:10. Takeaway messages2:07:10. They are much more than only HT recipients2:10:32. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Chris Fry from the University of Kentucky, USA. Joint injury causes muscle weakness and atrophy (reductions in muscle size) due to the the inactivity but also separately due to the injury itself. Substances are released from muscle to help repair the joint/bone. Prehab is important before surgery. There can be residual effects long after joint injury. We also discussed hypertrophy and aging and the importance of having a lot of muscle capillaries as age to obtain the optimum response to resistance training. Lots more. We had a really great chat. Chris has a very pleasant manner. I enjoyed it a lot. Twitter: @ChrisFryPhD
0:00. Introduction and welcome
3:09. How Chris got into exercise research
6:10. ACL injuries and muscle wasting /weakness
9:05. Joint injuries and the risk of arthritis
10:05. The effects of the inactivity vs the injury itself
13:55. Protein synthesis vs breakdown after an ACL injury
19:30. Why in evolutionary sense does joint injury result in muscle atrophy
22:50. What are the signals to cause muscle atrophy
24:00. Myostatin release after joint injury
26:55. Acute vs chronic injury
28:15. Other joint injuries to joints (other than ACL)
29:25. Atrophy in different muscle fibre types
31:15. Best way to prepare for surgery after an injury
34:05. How quickly start rehab after surgery
35:45. Are there residual effects long after joint injury?
39:55. Bone vs joint injury
43:30. Muscle reactive oxygen species/ mitochondria after injury
46:05. Aerobic capacity of muscle still reduced after rehab
47:05. Should take anti inflammatories after injury?
49:20. Vitamin D and muscle injury
52:15. Does joint injury affect muscle in the non injuried limb?
54:45. What can do to slow atrophy after injury?
55:55. Does muscle size and strength go hand in hand after injury
57:15. Time since injury/trauma and surgery
58:55. Sex difference and joint injury
1:00:20. Age and joint injuries
1:01:10. Hypertrophy and aging
1:02:05. Aging: inactivity vs training response
1:03:00. More capillaries in muscle increases response to resistance training
1:05:00. Aerobic pre conditioning can help with hypertrophy
1:08:30. Anabolic resistance and aging
1:12:25. Connective tissue and training responses with aging
1:15:20. Satellite cells and muscle growth
1:17:45. Takeaway messages
1:19:01. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Assistant Professor Kevin Murach who is a rising star from the University of Arkansas, USA. Kevin is an expert on muscle, muscle growth, adaptation to exercise training, “muscle memory”, the regulation of muscle growth and muscle memory and the effect of aging etc. Muscle memory definitely seems real (especially in slow muscle fibers). Looks like epigenetics involved more than changes to muscle fibers nuclei. But more work needs to be done, especially in humans. We had a really great chat. I enjoyed it a lot. A very smart chap. Twitter: @KevinMurachPhD
0:00. Introduction and welcome
2:16. How Kevin got into exercise research
6:53. What is “muscle memory”.
9:15. Human evidence of muscle memory
13:58. Mice models to investigate resistance training
19:30. Training, detraining and retraining
20:35. Comparing rodents and human re their different lifespans
22:30. Evidence for muscle memory in mice after ex training
31:05. Mouse model that has both endurance and strength effects
33:25. Voluntary wheel running: matching the training
35:45. 10% greater hypertrophy with retraining
39:25. Mice slow postural muscles didn’t detrain!
44:45. Mechanisms: epigenetics
49:50. Muscle nuclei and exercise training/muscle memory
1:02:00. Muscle memory and epigenetics in the nuclei
1:05:40. MicroRNA and muscle memory
1:07:30. Epigenetics
1:08:35. Exercise training and each bout of exercise
1:11:20. MicroRNA and muscle memory
1:16:20. Balance of protein synthesis and breakdown
1:20:20. Muscle memory: Endurance vs resistance training
1:21:35. Time course of muscle memory
1:23:55. How much training need to get muscle memory
1:25:18. Specificity of ex training muscle memory
1:26:40. Nature and nuture
1:27:25. Dutch famine and epigenetics
1:28:18. Age and muscle memory
1:29:38. Biological sex and muscle memory
1:30:40. Common misconceptions: use it or lose it
1:31:38. Identical twins
1:32:25. Don’t need to go hard or go home.
1:33:05. Research experts vs influencers etc
1:37:15. Takeaway messages
1:39:44. Do health benefits have a memory too?
1:41:45. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Nicola Guess from Oxford University, England and Professor Jonathan Little from the University of British Columbia, Canada. Nicola is a dietitian researcher with many years of expertise including the importance or otherwise of glucose “spikes” or excursions and the pros and cons of continuous glucose monitor use. Jonathan is an expert on exercise metabolism who is coming onto the podcast for the second time after speaking previously about keto diets and exercise. A major point is the difference between having chronically elevated blood glucose levels such as in diabetes (pathology) versus having normal increases in glucose ("spikes") in response to a meal. Also increases in glucose before and during very intense exercise is normal physiology and not a concern. There was also a clear message that the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have both pros and cons and that need to be considered. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @DrJonLittle
0:00. Introduction and welcome
3:20. What are glucose “spikes”/excursions
4:45. Hyperglycemia in diabetes is very different to “spikes”
6:20. Glucose spikes in type 2 diabetes
7:19. Why is chronically elevated glucose a problem?
12:20. Confusion about glucose levels 2hrs after a meal
15:29. Underlying insulin resistance the problem not spikes
19:08. Fasting glucose and insulin measures
21:10. Meal tests and oral glucose tolerance tests
24:55. Be careful not to make the underlying pathology worse
26:15. Keto diets: T2D, weight loss, exercise
32:10. Glucose even in diabetes is not as important as we think
35:00. Are CGMs useful?
38:30. Too much focus on glucose than more important things
41:00. CGMs very important for people with T1D
42:05. CGMs and anxiety
43:25. CGMs and higher cholesterol
44:00. Misunderstanding of pre-diabetes re CGMs
46:00. Metabolic flexibility
47:40. “Nervous normals”
49:42. Is how loses weight important?
53:41. What about CGMs in type 1 diabetes?
54:15. CGMs, diabetes, diet, behaviour change and exercise
57:40. Glucose metabolism during exercise
59:55. Exercise and insulin sensitivity
1:02:15. Effect of exercise on glucose spikes from a meal
1:04:10. Intense exercise can increase blood glucose levels
1:07:10. Normal to have elevated glucose after intense exercise
1:09:50. Influencers misinterpreting data re glucose spikes etc
1:12:10. Misunderstanding glucose cut offs
1:13:10. Takeaway messages etc
1:14:00. Weight loss diet strategies
1:17:50. Amino acids and insulin secretion
1:24:40. Should everyone use CGMs?
1:26:30. Keep it simple re diet and exercise
1:27:40. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Jill is an expert on the brain and exercise. We discussed the effect of acute (one bout) and chronic physical activity/ exercise on cognitive function, brain blood flow (BBF), dementia/Alzheimer’s disease risk and progression etc. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @Barnes_Lab
0:00. Introduction and welcome
2:01. How Jill got into exercise research
4:25. Studying with Hiro O. Tanaka
6:00. Researching with Michael Joyner
7:45. How measure brain blood flow (BBF)
10:00. Blood vessels that supply the brain and blood flow
19:16. What would look at if had unlimited funding?
20:32. BBF vs glucose use in the brain
21:30. Regional blood flow in the brain
22:40. Does BBF increase during exercise?
24:40. Blood pressure and regulation of brain blood flow
29:00. Effect of exercise intensity in BBF
32:25. Hypnosis/anticipatory rises in BBF
34:30. BBF distribution has not been examined much during exercise
37:00. Cognitive tests and BBF
38:00. Why does BBF decrease during very intense exercise?
41:00. Central fatigue and BBF
42:30. Exercise training and BBF
45:00. BBF and cognitive function
46:20. How quickly does BBF increase with exercise?
47:25. Fitness and BBF at rest
49:55. Cognition and exercise/lifestyle
51:44. Exercjse intensity and the brain
53:10. Resistance training and cognitive function
55:07. Exercise and brain endothelial function
57:10. Exercise and the risk of stroke
59:35. Exercise and the risk of dementia/Alzheimers disease
1:02:14. Exercise and mental health
1:03:45. Diet and BBF/brain health
1:06:15. Sex differences in BBF
1:12:57. Age and BBF
1:15:20. Fitness/strength and cognition etc
1:16:10. Erythropoietin, hemoglobin and cognitive function.
1:18:48. Exercise and myokines, BDNF, exosomes
1:21:10. Neurogenesis and exercise
1:22:20. Exercise, cognition and hypertension/diabetes
1:25:00. Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia
1:27:00. Exercise intensity and mode of exercise
1:29:55. BBF during resistance exercise
1:31:20. Controversies in the field
1:34:52. Keep things simple re exercise
1:37:00. Takeaway messages
1:39:57. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Margie Davenport from the University of Alberta, Canada. She is an expert on exercise and pregnancy. We discussed the effect of pregnancy on the health (including pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes) and exercise performance of the mother and on the health of the fetus during pregnancy and the offspring after pregnancy. It became very clear that there needs to be more focus on the beneficial effects of exercise before and during pregnancy on both the mother and the fetus/offspring. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @ExercisePreg
0:00. Introduction
2:09. How Margie went from top athlete to exercise researcher
6:15. History of thinking on exercise and pregnancy
8:49. What intensity of exercise should do during pregnancy?
12:28. Fetal heart rate during mothers exercise
14:10. HIIT exercise during pregnancy
15:55. Monitoring the baby during exercise research
19:50. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy
20:38. Different types of exercise
21:49. Effect of the initial fitness of the mother
24:15. Heavy lifting during pregnancy
29:00. Effect of exercise on placenta blood flow
30:03. Animal studies: effect of exercise on the fetus
33:25. Health outcomes better when exercise during pregnancy
35:45. Reduced pre-eclampsia when exercise during pregnancy
44:25. Effect of exercise during pregnancy in elite athletes
45:40. Exercise during pregnancy and offspring health
49:07. Effect of pregnancy trimester/stage on exercise
52:40. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy
55:05. Speaking with health care provider
57:13. Miscarriage levels during the first trimester and exercise
1:01:26. Individualized approach to exercise during pregnancy
1:03:15. Relaxin and pregnancy
1:04:20. Exercise during pregnancy and birth weight
1:06:15. Gestational diabetes and exercise
1:10:05. Exercise reduces gestational diabetes
1:11:55. Exercise before pregnancy vs during vs both
1:15:10. Exercise during pregnancy and mental health
1:19:05. Athletes and returning to sport after pregnancy
1:25:35. “Pregnancy advantage” from childbirth?
1:29:05. Diet during pregnancy and sport
1:32:09. Effect of the age of the mother
1:34:30. Research controversies in the field
1:36:50. Insufficient research in women/pregnancy
1:38:39. Misinformation in the area on social media etc
1:41:50. Takeaway messages etc
1:45:48. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Darren Candow from the University of Regina. Saskatchewan, Canada. He is an expert on creatine (Cr) and the effects of creatine supplementation on resistance exercise and other exercise. He is also examining the role of creatine in bone metabolism and cognitive function.
Get greater increases in strength than muscle mass when supplement with Cr during resistance training. Vegetarians/vegans have lower muscle but not lower brain Cr. Need to exercise to get benefits of Cr on muscle. Lots more. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @darrencandow
0:00. Introduction
1:40. How Darren got into exercise research
4:15. The early pioneers of creatine and other exercise research
7:30. What is creatine (Cr) and where get it from?
9:30. Do people need Cr and other supplements?
11:50. Effects of Cr supplementation on muscle Cr
14:10. Cr vs creatine phosphate (ATP and H+ buffering)
20:12. How Cr/creatine phosphate effects exercise performance
23:30. Cr supplementation and resistance training
26:30. Vegetarians/vegans and Cr
28:15. Aging and Cr
29:40. Mechanisms that Cr effects exercise performance
33:44. Does Cr increase strength/muscle more if control volume?
40:10. Pre print means not reviewed/published
42:15. Cr causes cell swelling but need exercise
43:40. Use it or lose it
45:10. Cr suppl: how much?
50:40. Cr transporter and muscle creatine levels
52:40. Does age or biological sex affect Cr levels?
54:30. What % increase with Cr suppl during resistance training
55:40. Dissociation of muscle mass and strength
1:00:15. Cr suppl has no effect on fat mass
1:01:15. Cr suppl timing/anti-inflammatory effects
1:05:15. Keep it simple and food first
1:06:45. Top sprinters, vegetarians/vegan and Cr
1:09:00. Time for Cr to decrease after stop Cr suppl
1:10:10. Side effects of Cr suppl?
1:12:00. Sarcopenia, resistance training and Cr
1:14:40. Bone and Cr suppl
1:20:12. The brain and Cr suppl
1:27:00. If brain is compromised Cr suppl may be beneficial
1:28:55. Who can Cr suppl benefit
1:31:50. Do untrained vegetarians/vegans need Cr suppl?
1:35:50. Need to exercise for Cr suppl to have any effect
1:40:10. Caffeine and creatine may interfere with eachother
1:43:40. Can put Cr suppl in coffee?
1:44:12. CHO (insulin) and protein can increases Cr uptake
1:45:19. Volume of resistance training and Cr suppl
1:46:10. Depression and creatine
1:47:08. Surprises with Cr research
1:48:15. Controversies in the field
1:51:15. Need to be careful with info on social media
1:53:42. Takeaway messages
1:54:46. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Nisha Charkoudian from the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA. She is an expert on the effects of extreme environments on exercise capacity. We talked about dehydration, electrolytes, effects of humid vs dry environments etc. We also discussed the importance of considering sex as a biological variable. This included including both sexes in studies even if underpowered to examine both. We then discussed the importance of conducting more studies on thermoregulation and blood pressure with aging. A very interesting chat.
0:00. Introduction
3:45. What is the definition of extreme environments?
5:05. Who gets the hottest/has the most issues with heat?
9:00. Effects of humid vs dry environments and hydration
12:05. Should drink until urine is clear before a race?
16:10. Should people worry about electrolytes?
20:44. Sex as a biological variable. Women not more fragile etc
23:30. Sex differences in heat acclimation
25:20. No difference in risk of heat stroke between the sexes
25:50. If no difference then just study one sex?
27:38. Need to include women even if small sample
32:34. Even if underpowered it’s ok to include both sexes
40:20. Gender vs sex, binary vs non binary etc
42:00. Women and blood flow/blood pressure/heat etc
49:05. Body surface area and heat/cold
52:01. Progesterone and body core temperature
54:25. Aging and thermogerulation
57:35. Takeaway messages
1:00:44. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is an expert on the effect of beta2-agonist asthma bronchodilator medications (like Ventolin) on muscle and exercise performance. We talked about what is asthma/exercise induced bronchoconstriction, can you train your lungs?, the increased prevalence of asthma in endurance athletes, can asthma limit aerobic capacity, what are beta2-agonists?, acute and chronic effects of beta2-agonists on muscle mass, sprinting, strength and endurance, side effects of beta2-agonists and negative effects of beta2 agonists on endurance exercise. Beta2-agonists should only be used for asthma treatment. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @morten_hostrup.
0:00. Introduction
2:12. Morten’s very good excuse for postponing coming on
5:15. What is asthma?
6:50. Lungs in endurance athletes vs general population
1:11:15. Increased asthma in endurance athletes
13:58. Why more asthma in endurance athletes?
17:20. Asthmatic athletes can be very successful
19:50. VO2 max etc not effected by asthma
24:18. Beta2-agonists can have negative effects on VO2 max
26:30. Sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems
29:06. What are Beta2-agonists and what do they do?
31:30. Inhaled medications can get into the blood
32:40. Different beta2-agonists
35:23. Legitimate and illegitimate use of beta2-agonists
40:30. Up to 90% of some cohorts take beta2-agonists
42:30. Legal limits of beta2-agonists use
43:40. Acute effects on muscle mass/ sprinting
49:02. Mechanisms of effect on muscle
53:13. How limit misuse?
56:39. Chronic effects on muscle
1:02:50. Hypertrophy from chronic beta2-agonists
1:06:15. Prevalence of use in body builders
1:07:40. Combined use of drugs in body builders
1:10:00. Effect of combining with corticosteroids
1:16:30. Normal doses have small effects on muscle
1:17:10. Side effects
1:21:00. Mechanisms of chronic beta2-agonists on muscle
1:23:30. Muscle mass and insulin sensitivity
1:27:22. Potency vs anabolic steroids etc
1:29:35. Competition with beta blockers
1:31:55. Cycling on and off beta2-agonists?
1:32:35. Effects during exercise
1:37:04. Anti-diabetic effects?
1:38:15. Maintains muscle mass during weight loss
1:39:30. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
1:40:55. Sex differences
1:42:40. Age effects
1:43:40. Does exercise training affect beta2 receptors?
1:44:45. Negative effects on endurance exercise
1:47:02. Increase muscle mass but not so much strength
1:50:20. Controversies in the field
1:52:30. Some claim beta2 agonists have no systemic effects
1:58:00. Takeaway messages
1:59:28. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Luc van Loon from Maastricht University, The Netherlands. He is an expert with a wealth of knowledge on the role of physical activity/exercise and nutrition on muscle adaptation. A lot of his research focuses on protein and protein synthesis. He applies these studies to young healthy individuals, the aged and also has conducted important experiments on people in ICU. He makes it clear that most people, especially athletes, get enough protein in their diet so do not need to take supplements. Are there really non responders to exercise training? Anabolic resistance with aging is due to inactivity. Lots more. A very interesting chat.0:00. Introduction2:09. How Luc got into exercise research6:30. Moving into protein metabolism8:05. Using tracers to determine exercise metabolism11:40. How much protein do we need?16:35. Protein rich foods after exercise17:00. Generally don’t need supplements.18:20. Food vs supplements19:35. Effects of lower protein intakes23:50. Protein turnover in some organs higher than muscle28:00. Optimal protein intake/additional protein31:00. Athletes eat more so likely don’t need extra protein34:00. Exercise increases protein uptake for up to 48hr38:40. Increased protein synthesis doesn’t necessarily mean increased muscle mass42:37. Protein needs of strength vs endurance athletes44:45. “Protein supplementation” just means above normal diet49:30. Misunderstanding of research findings re translation50:43. Need consistent exercise to adapt56:43. Plant vs animal proteins: not a big issue1:03:40. We are recycling a lot of protein each day1:05:33. Exercise stimulus and individual variations of adaptations1:07:50. Are there really non responders to exercise training?1:11:09. Re-sensitizing muscle by changing the stimulus1:12:42. Anabolic resistance with age (due to inactivity?)1:16:50. Muscle loss with aging largely episodes of bed rest etc1:20:17. Electrical stimulation prevents muscle loss in ICU1:25:06. Normal response to resistance training with aging1:34:22. Protein use during exercise1:36:16. Protein synthesis occurs during exercise1:40:00. Protein requirements when injuries/in bed1:41:40. Does collagen supplementation have benefits?1:45:20. What further studies would Luc like to do?1:46:10. Personalized diet and exercise prescription1:47:09. Sex differences, men and women studies etc1:49:22. Takeaway messages1:50:28. What’s most important, diet or physical activity?1:51:55. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Michael Kjær from the Department of Clinical Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is an expert on tendons and exercise. We chatted about muscle vs musculotendinous junction vs tendon, what structures get injured and why, tendon injuries: mechanisms, prevention, treatment, acute vs chronic/overuse tendon injuries, best to rest or exercise injured tendons?, whether diet, supplements or medicine can assist recovery from tendon injuries etc. We also discussed his earlier work on glucose metabolism during exercise. A very interesting chat.
0:00. Introduction
2:05. How Michael got into exercise research
5:54. His glucose metabolism during exercise work
11:20. Redundancy in physiology, animal vs human work
13:45. His muscle work and movement into injury research etc
16:20. His move into connective tissue/tendon research
21:30. Taking a risk to move fields/finding collaborations
23:30. Muscle vs musculotendinous junction vs tendon
28:00. Why get muscle/tendon injuries
31:45. Tendon stretches as muscle shortens
33:05. Age and body weight effects on injury
34:15. Interface between muscle and tendon
37:10. Tendon overuse injuries
41:40. What determines if injury occurs in muscle vs tendon
44:20. Why tendon can feel better once warms up
46:45. Water accumulation vs structural changes
48:00. No evidence that exercising painful tendon increases rupture
50:00. Development and turnover of tendons/circadian rhythm
52:08. Blood vessels and flow in tendons at rest/during exercise
55:00. Strength training and tendon size
56:20. Best not to rest if injured tendon
57:45. Need controlled loading of tendon to recover
1:00:00. Supplements/surgery for tendon recovery?
1:01:00. Can a tendon biopsy activate tendon repair?
1:02:40. 3 x 10 reps per week may be enough
1:04:50. Don’t need to focus on eccentric phase
1:06:35. Need good shoes etc to reduce injury?
1:09:00. What is a tendonopathy?
1:10:00. RICE, anti inflammatories and cortisol shots etc?
1:13:01. Collagen etc supplements and tendons
1:15:10. Prevention of tendon injuries
1:17:40. Signs of tendon injury
1:20:20. Does warm up/ stretching reduce injury?
1:23:18. Can a tendon torn off the bone recover without surgery?
1:24:10. Age and tendon stiffness: inactivity vs age
1:25:50. Fast twitch fibers and injuries
1:27:35. Type 2 diabetes and tendon problems
1:28:35. Can predict tendon injuries?
1:29:18. Do tendons secrete molecules during exercise?
1:30:00. Circadian rhythm, sleep and tendons
1:32:17. Takeaway messages
1:33:28. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Sue Bodine from the Oklahoma Medical Research
Foundation, Oklahoma, USA. She is an expert on muscle, in particular muscle atrophy with inactivity/aging. We chatted about how with age muscle size is reduced and this is associated with a reduction in muscle fiber size and also a loss of fast muscle fibers. Resistance training (and perhaps intense endurance exercise) can attenuate the rate of muscle atrophy. We discussed how much muscle atrophy is due to age per se and how much is due to inactivity. Anabolic resistance, protein synthesis, the importance of strength for balance etc. A very interesting chat.
0:00. Introduction + how Sue got into exercise research
5:25. What determines muscle strength
7:20. What age do we start losing muscle mass and strength?
8:40. Muscle atrophy and loss of fast muscle fibers
13:10. Can exercise training reduce the loss of fast fibers with age?
17:50. How muscle of muscle atrophy with age in inactivity?
19:20. Anabolic resistance with age
20:40. A role of hormones in muscle atrophy with age?
22:30. Protein synthesis and turnover in muscle with aging
26:46. How much exercise is needed to attenuate muscle atrophy?
30:30. Aging vs inactivity vs immobilizing vs bed rest etc
33:30. Importance of exercise after bed rest/immobilization
37:27. Upper body atrophy in runners/cyclist etc
39:55. Intense endurance exercise and slow muscle fiber size
43:00. Need to actually work out not just turn up
44:42. Exercise prescription with aging
47:05. Balance with age/inactivity
48:45. Diet and muscle atrophy
50:00. Need a stimulus (ex training) not eating more protein
54:52. Disease processes and muscle atrophy
58:10. Mechanisms playing a role in muscle atrophy/hypertrophy
1:08:53. Don’t need to break down muscle to build muscle
1:10:40. Determining muscle quality/specific tension
13:02. Are slow fibers really weaker than fast fibers?
1:17:22. Takeaway messages
1:18:53. Can very old people still get stronger/hypertrophy?
1:19:50. Do females really hypertrophy less?
1:22:00. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Shona Halson from the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. We chatted about how much sleep athletes need compared with how much sleep they actually get. Night sleep vs naps vs total sleep in athletes vs non athletes. The importance of consistency of sleep. Caffeine, sleep and exercise performance. Is overtraining actually a lot less common than believed? Ice baths may reduce hypertrophy with resistance training but improve team sports/endurance. Effects of compression garments on recovery. The effects of mental fatigue on exercise performance. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @ShonaHalson
0:00. Introduction + how Shona got into sports/exercise research
3:45. Defining what we mean by recovery and fatigue
5:40. How much sleep do athletes need/get?
11:30. If athletes extend their sleep they do better
13:05. Athletes night sleep vs total sleep per day (naps)
15:10. Physical load vs mental load and sleep
16:45. Sleep quality/architecture
20:15. Is one night of reduced sleep a problem?
21:15. Lack of sleep and perception of effort
22:20. Importance of sleep consistency/regularity
28:55. Does a lack of sleep reduce performance
29:56. Best to prioritize sleep or exercise?
34:27. Caffeine and sleep studies (hard to control)
39:15. Caffeine: responders and non responders etc
41:30. Genetics and sleep/can one sleep too much?
43:12. Intensified training vs overreaching vs overtraining
52:52. Ice baths/contrast baths, adaptations and recovery
1:03:00. Water, hydrostatic pressure and blood flow
1:05:25. Inflammation, anti-inflammatories and ice
1:07:30. Physical fatigue vs mental fatigue
1:11:00. Mental fatigue and exercise performance
1:13:40. Are wearables useful for gauging recovery?
1:16:24. Listening to your body
1:17:50. Compression garments and recovery
1:21:05. Menstrual cycling and sleep
1:22:30. Takeaway messages
1:23:30. Placebo effects
1:24:49. Outro (9 seconds)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Assoc Prof Andre La Gerche a world leading Sports Cardiologist from St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Acute exercise for long periods at a high intensity can result in abnormal right ventricle function. In addition, years of long, hard exercise training is associated with increased coronary artery calcium (CAC) levels and atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite this, Andre is a huge advocate of exercise across the population and generally even in these individuals. The evidence is that exercise training increase healthspan and reduces mortality rates despite some of these changes. A very important, interesting chat. Twitter: @ALaGerche
0:00. Introduction + how Andre got into sports/exercise research
5:30. Andre’s excellent marathon running
7:32. Is exercise good for the heart?
10:50. Media fear around ex and the heart
13:45. Increased CAC and heart attack risk
17:00. Exercise protective even if increased CAC
18:56. Andre hasn’t had a CAC scan
22:28. Plague build up in the coronary arteries
23:50. Some people never have coronary issues
24:50. Genetics and the heart
26:55. Jim Fixx: died running
27:40. How can exercise increase CAC?
32:00. Get into exercise slowly
33:30. Coronary “hot plagues” and heart attacks
35:30. Exercise before a heart operation
36:45. Exercise training increases hearts reserve with age
37:33. 1969 marathon WR holder Derek Clayton: still amazing heart
43:15. AF more common in endurance athletes
45:43. Female endurance athletes have increased AF
47:55. Generally if in doubt, keep exercising
50:43. Women have relatively more stable hearts
52:50. Cardiac screening of athletes
55:55. Ventricular arrhythmias: continue sport or not?
59:50. It's hard to estimate heart attack risk
1:01:58. Right ventricle after long hard races
1:08:10. Rare ventricular tachycardia in professional athletes
1:11:34. The importance of seeing a sports cardiologist
1:14:40. Big vs enormous hearts in top endurance athletes
1:18:10. Genetics and the heart
1:19:25. EPO, anabolic steroids, very hard training and the heart
1:24:20. Resistance training, anabolic steroids and the heart
1:28:15. Best exercise to do for the heart and health
1:29:50. What’s the cutoff of ex for increased AF?
1:33:50. Blood indicators of heart damage/recovery
1:36:45. Right ventricle “fatigue” and recovery
1:40:50. Heart failure/heart reserve and exercise (sex differences)
1:44:00. Don't assume sudden death in athletes drug related
1:45:45. Negative cardiac effects of the Covid19 vaccine in some people
1:50:12. Takeaway messages
1:52:38. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Wim Derave from the Ghent University in Belgium. We talked about the different muscle fibres/fiber types in humans and his recent evidence that pure Type 2X muscle fibers may not really exist or maybe only in some sedentary individuals. He also made the point that muscle fiber type info is not used enough in sports contexts. He outlined some non invasive ways of estimating your muscle fibre types. Finally we discussed remarkable and important findings that antihistamines may reduce some exercise training adaptations. A very interesting, long chat. Twitter: @TeamDerave.
0:00. Introduction and how Wim got into exercise research
7:02. Different types of muscle fiber types
10:10. Humans tend to be a slow fiber type species
12:10. Humans hunt by wearing down our prey
17:50. Can ex training change muscle fiber type?
22:00. For sprinters the more fast fibers the better?
24:00. The different types of muscle fibers
26:58. He finds no type 2X muscle fibers in humans
31:00. Some sedentary people may have a few type 2X fibers
34:50. New methods to determine muscle fibre type
37:20. Coexistence of more than one fiber type within a fiber?
42:50. Slow twitch fibers are more efficient
43:44. Sedentary/tapering and type 2X fibers
46:30. More fast twitch fibers in insulin resistance
50:51. Non invasive ways to estimate muscle fibre type
57:20. Swimming vs muscle fiber type
1:00:02. 30 second cycling sprint to estimate muscle fiber type
1:05:10. Coaches and muscle fiber type
1:07:10. Applying muscle fiber type info to sport
1:09:20. Hamstring strains, overtraining, tapering and muscle fiber type
1:17:45. Slow fibers barely fatigue
1:19:30. Diet and muscle fiber type
1:30:30. Non muscle cells needed for skeletal muscle training adaptations
1:38:50. Antihistamines may reduce ex training adaptations
1:46:20. Sex differences and muscle fibre type
1:47:33. Age and muscle fibre type
1:49:35. Takeaway messages
2:00:51. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor José Calbet from the University of Las Palmas de Gran, Canary Islands, Spain. José has a very strong research record and is a global leader in his field. He has done amazing invasive exercise studies in humans to determine the limiting factor(s) to VO2 max. We talked about what is VO2 max, the factors determining VO2 max, the limits to VO2 max, the effects of VO2 max on exercise performance, pseudoanemia, VO2 max in females, VO2 max in masters athletes etc. In general he is finding the oxygen delivery is the main limiting factor to VO2 max. A very interesting, long chat. Twitter: @GRHEFS_ULPGC0:00. Introduction and how José got into exercise research
4:55. Links with Bengt Saltin and University of Copenhagen
9:12. What is VO2 max?
10:59. Cardiac output and blood pressure
14:15. Blood pressure can drop near VO2 max
15:30. Maximum heart rate/ stroke volume
17:50. Submaximal exercise in trained vs untrained
19:06. Oxygen extraction during exercise
24:40. Main limiting factor to VO2 max
27:41. Capillaries and muscle mitochondria
30:31. Hemoglobin concentration and oxygen delivery
32:40. Athletes limited by oxygen delivery/temptation of EPO
34:35. VO2 max in women: lower hemoglobin
38:19. Pseudoanemia in endurance athletes
45:42. How does high Hb mass improve submax performance?
49:42. Role of genetics and ex training in VO2 max
56:18. Responders and non responded to exercise training?
58:50. Blood flow restraint to maintain blood pressure
1:05:35. Masters athletes vs young untrained
1:12:43. Ex training can slow the decease in max HR with age
1:17:51. Does life long exercise slow the reduction in VO2 max?
1:21:19. Loss of mitochondria with age vs inactivity
1:24:40. David Costill. 70 ml/kg/min VO2 max enough?
1:31:50. Sex differences in metabolism during exercise
1:36:00. How does creatine supplementation reduce VO2 max?
1:37:29. How know how close to VO2 max potential you are at?
1:42:38. Hyperthermia, ventilation and blood flow
1:45:41. Can increase VO2 max by giving vasodilators?
1:48:05. Hypoxia doesn’t increase VO2 max
1:49:44. Takeaway messages
1:50:40. VO2 max and life expectancy
1:53:00. José feels lucky/Bengt Saltin/University of Copenhagen
1:54:32. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Ylva Hellsten from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. She is an authority on the effect of exercise on blood flow and cardiovascular function. We talked about heart rate before exercise and blood flow and blood pressure during and after exercise. She pointed out that muscle blood flow can increase by 100-fold during exercise! We discussed the effect of physical activity and aging/inactivity and menopause on the cardiovascular system. Also the protective effects of exercise training and the importance of doing the physical activity that you enjoy. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @CVgroupNEXS.
0:00. Introduction and how Ylva got into exercise research
5:15. Eccentric exercise induced muscle damage
6:45. Increases in heart rate before exercise
7:35. Increases in blood flow during exercise
11:15. Even passive movement of limbs can increase blood flow
13:15. How does exercise increase blood flow?
16:40. How much does muscle blood flow increase during exercise?
18:35. Achieving adequate blood pressure and blood flow during exercise
23:22. Are muscle capillaries all open even at rest?
29:18. What happens to blood flow after exercise?
31:00. Redundancy in regulation of blood flow during exercise
36:01. Closing off blood flow to some areas during exercise
38:24. Reduced blood pressure after exercise
42:12. Blood flow and blood pressure during resistance exercise
44:00. Blood flow restriction during contractions
46:28. Fainting with prolonged standing, especially in the heat
49:45. Exercise training reduces blood pressure
52:30. Aging/inactivity and the cardiovascular system
53:35. Optimal exercise to improve the cardiovascular system
1:02:15. Blood vessel function declines with age are partly inactivity
1:05:30. Menopause, exercise training and blood vessel function
1:13:27. Long term activity and blood vessel function
1:16:02. Effects of different types of exercise training
1:17:50. Large muscle mass exercise
1:19:30. Interval training/Do the physical activity that you enjoy
1:20:55. Different ways to measure blood flow
1:22:59. Blood flow during exercise in disease groups
1:27:02. Isolated blood vessel cells from exercised muscle
1:31:42. Ylva’s research: does she usually find what she expects?
1:35:12. Takeaway messages
1:38:21. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with his great collaborator Professor Erik Richter from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Erik is an absolute authority and the godfather of the field of glucose metabolism during exercise and how exercise increases insulin sensitivity in muscle. He was the first to show that contraction can increase muscle glucose uptake without insulin but at the same time exercise increases insulin sensitivity. Very relevant for all including people with diabetes. We talked about how exercise increases glucose uptake during exercise and how it increases insulin sensitivity after exercise. Limitations of determining insulin sensitivity using the “gold standard” euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp vs meals. We also talked a little about how exercise can reduce appetite (GLP1 and lactate) . A very interesting, fun chat. Twitter: @proferikrichter.
0:00. Introduction and how Erik got into exercise research after medicine
3:05. Henrik Galbo, Jen Holst GLP1, glycogen, exercise
5:32. Adrenaline, glycogen breakdown and glucose uptake
7:20. Niel Ruderman: exercise and insulin sensitivity
9:32. Contraction increases glucose uptake independent of insulin
11:30. Relevance to type 1 diabetes
14:20. High intensity exercise increases blood glucose levels
16:15. Normal increases in insulin sensitivity after exercise in T2D
17:15. Regulation of glucose uptake into muscle during exercise
20:15. Appears AMPK not needed for glucose uptake during exercise
23:10. Reactive oxygen species and glucose uptake during exercise
24:05. Complexity of the many changes in muscle during exercise
27:00. Is there still a place for integrative physiology?
28:30. The incredible methods that Erik uses in human exercise studies
31:40. Limitations of using clamps for insulin sensitivity after exercise
35:35. Meals result in higher glucose uptake after ex than clamps
41:50. Is glucose uptake into non exercise muscle inhibited?
42:58. What need to consider when doing a clamp
45:10. Are continuous glucose monitors worth using?
47:32. Incretins (including GLP1) and insulin sensitivity after exercise
49:57. Effects of one bout vs chronic exercise (training) on insulin sensitivity
52:56. Does muscle glycogen stimulate insulin sensitivity?
57:51. Endurance vs resistance exercise for insulin sensitivity?
59:14. Erik’s impressive recent running times
59:54. HIIT, hyperglycemia, lactate, GDF15 and appetite
1:04:10. RED-S, fasting and insulin sensitivity
1:10:38. Gut glucose transport into the blood
1:15:16. A lot of glucose passes through the liver after exercise
1:16:20. How does glucose leave the capillaries to enter the muscle?
1:22:12. Takeaway messages
1:23:52. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Jeremy Loenneke from the University of Mississippi, USA. He is an expert on resistance training and in particular the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle hypertrophy and strength. He is finding that you can get similar increases in hypertrophy, and close to similar increases in strength, by conducting low load resistance training with blood flow restriction compared with high load resistance training. Surprisingly, he is also finding that there can be dissociations between increases in strength and increases in hypertrophy when undertake resistance training. We also discussed other interesting research he has been undertaking. I was actually blown away by some of his findings. A very interesting, long chat. Twitter: @jploenneke
0:00. Introduction and how Jeremy got into exercise research
4:20. How to utilize resistance training for hypertrophy vs strength
9:45. Dissociations between hypertrophy and strength with resistance training
15:35. Why changes in muscle size may not effect strength
17:55. Specificity of training and strength
19:35. What is blood flow restriction (BFR) and why do it?
21:28. BFR and aerobic/endurance exercise
23:25. The history of BFR and exercise research
27:45. How much pressure is applied during BFR to reduce the blood flow?
31:50. Discomfort from BFR
34:15. % of 1RM to use during BFR
35:22. Comparing resistance training with and without BFR
37:58. BFR and rehabilitation
41:00. Using BFR to train harder?
43:57. How common is BFR?
45:30. Do some use BFR to not have to train as hard?
46:41. What does BFR feel like? Uncomfortable?
48:06. Mechanisms that BFR during exercise has its effects
52:43. BFR, resistance training and muscle fibre recruitment
56:24. Hypoalgesia: reduced pain during and after exercise
1:01:31. Safety issues and BFR? Muscle damage, blood clots, blood pressure?
1:07:52. Relationship between muscle mass and strength
1:09:44. Hormonal responses to BFR and resistance training
1:11:50. Muscle signaling with BFR and resistance training
1:13:50. Protein synthesis with BFR and resistance training
1:14:40. Endurance exercise and BFR
1:18:00. Ischemia preconditioning
1:20:50. Cost of BFR systems etc
1:25:20. Effects of BFR on endothelium dysfunction or veins?
1:28:38. Any sex differences with BFR and resistance training
1:32:50. Strength training one arm affects the other arm
1:39:08. Do men and women have the same strength per muscle size?
1:43:56. Hand grip in kids as a biomarker
1:46:24. Career challenges etc
1:50:50. Takeaway messages
1:54:43. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor David Wright from the University of British Columbia, Canada. He has undertaken a lot of important work on the effect of exercise on muscle glucose uptake and mitochondria and then has branched out to examine the effect of exercise training on mitochondria in adipose tissue (fat). We discussed his work around that and then talked about an interesting new focus of his work around the metabolic effects of antipsychotics. He is finding that exercise can prevent the acute blood glucose raising effects of antipsychotics. A very interesting chat.
0:00. Introduction and how David got into research
6:10. His transition from muscle to fat research
10:05. Exercise activates AMPK in muscle and fat
10:57. Adipose tissue breakdown during exercise
13:58. Adrenaline/epinephrine
15:28. Exercise training effects on fat mitochondria
21:00. Why so much fat turnover during exercise
24:00. Fat use during ex in lean vs obese
26:25. Adrenaline regulation of fat adaptations to ex training
29:50. AMPK regulation of fat
32:05. Cross talk between organs during exercise
34:55. White, beige, brown adipose tissue
39:00. Human vs rodents brown adipose tissue
44:25. Adipokines and exercise training
48:40. Ectopic fat
49:40. Antipsychotics, obesity and diabetes
51:15. Each dose of an antipsychotic increases blood glucose
53:00. Exercise prevents these glucose effects of antipsychotics
59:00. GLP-1, glucagon and antipsychotics
1:03:20. Poor exercise adherence, do fasting instead?
1:05:15. Ketogenic diets and antipsychotics
1:08:50. Ketogenic diets and mental health
1:11:03. Clinicians awareness etc.
1:12:45. Sex and age differences
1:15:00. Acute vs chronic effects
1:15:40. Takeaway messages
1:19:27. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Karyn Esser from the University of Florida, USA. She is an authority on circadian biology. We discuss whether exercise affects muscle circadian clocks and whether muscle clocks affect exercise. What is the best time to exercise and to eat etc. Also the effects of jet lag and shift work and how to best manage these. A very interesting chat. Karyn’s Twitter: @kaesser.
0:00. Introduction
2:30. How Karyn got into exercise research.
4:40. She was “picked up” by Arnold Schwarzenegger
5:32. Her muscle hypertrophy work
7:00. What are circadian rhythms?
9:40. Jet lag
11:10. How central clocks and peripheral clocks interact
14:16. Social jet lag
15:45. Running rodents at
16:47. Best to wear sunglasses when jet lagged?
17:54. Melatonin
19:40. Muscle clocks prepare the muscle
26:54. Sleep onset and dark onset are not necessarily correlated
30:23. Time of day and exercise performance
34:10. Running in the morning can shift muscle clocks forward
37:00. Train at the time of the race
39:25. Contracting muscle cells and circadian rhythms
41:00. Timing of eating and muscle circadian rhythms
43:00. How long does it take to shift clocks/jet jag
45:10. Exercise: morning people vs evening people
47:58. Stronger in the afternoon
50:30. Shift work and eating during the night
54:30. Best to do rotating or constant routine shift work?
55:57. Best time to exercise if shift worker?
57:55. Clocks are disrupted in diabetes
1:00:00. Researchers need to consider circadian rhythms
1:03:42. Is there circadian rhythm cross talk between organs?
1:06:03. Inflammation, muscle and circadian rhythms
1:08:12. The heart and circadian rhythms
1:11:30. Bone-muscle cross talk and circadian rhythms
1:13:28. Sex differences and circadian rhythms
1:15:00. Applicability of mouse studies to humans
1:16:42. Controversies in the field
1:17:52. Takeaway messages
1:20:12. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor David Bishop from Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia. He has a broad background in exercise physiology research and has focused for many years on exercise and muscle mitochondria. He finds that low volume, prolonged exercise tends to increase mitochondrial volume more than mitochondrial function while sprint exercise training does the opposite, increasing mitochondrial function more than mitochondrial volume. He hypothesizes that polarized type training may be best to get increases in both mitochondrial function and mitochondrial volume. A very interesting chat. David’s Twitter: @BlueSpotScience
0:00. Introduction
2:45. Defining the different training zones
4:30. More to being an endurance athlete than the mitochondria
6:15. Intensity vs volume for mitochondrial responses
8:30. Dissociations between mito function and mito volume
10:35. Mechanisms involved?
Takeaway messages
12:05. Issues with normalizing mitochondrial findings?
15:20. Applying results at rest, in recovery to during exercise
18:00. Isolated mito results correlate with NMR?
18:50. Polarized training best to get both mito function and volume?
23:30. Can’t assume signaling etc changes affect performance
27:35. Determinants of exercise performance
28:50. Lactate threshold and mitochondrial function
32:15. Training volume most important for mito content
33:20. Overtraining vs energy deficit
36:05. Should tailor training based on VO2 max?
38:35. VO2 max vs lactate threshold
40:00. VO2 max and running economy not linked?
44:20. Resting vs maximum heart rate
45:45. Sodium bicarbonate, lactate, training and mitochondria
49:46. Is training specificity overrated?
55:15. Interval training work: rest ratios
58:20. High intensity interval training and mito damage
1:01:30. Need lab testing?
1:05:10. Important to be concerned about training zones?
1:07:55. Tends to be in polarized training camp
1:11:55. Considering the needs/physiology of the event/sport
1:15:30. Takeaway messages
Outro (9 seconds)
1:17:10. Dividing the mito function per mg of muscle
1:21:15. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Russell Hepple from the University of Florida, USA. He is an expert on muscle mitochondria. We tend to think of the mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell. As Russ clearly explains there is a lot more going on than only this. It is very important that the inner mitochondrial membrane remains impermeable. However, there are situations such as aging, ischemia reperfusion injury, muscle dystrophies and perhaps cancer/chemotherapy where calcium and reactive oxygen species can build up and affect this permeability. This mitochondrial permeability transition is a major focus of Russell’s research. Very interesting work and an informative chat. Russell does very well to simplify a complicated area of research. Twitter: @HeppleRuss
0:00. Introduction
1:50. The mitochondria beyond “the powerhouse”
3:30. Free radicals/reactive oxygen species can be good
4:50. ROS production at rest and during exercise
7:50. Chronically elevation of ROS
8:55. Inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable
10:30. Elevated calcium levels in the cell/mitochondria
15:40. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
17:40. Swelling and rupture of mitochondria
20:10. What causes the increase in calcium etc/aging
23:40. Ischemia reperfusion injury during a heart attack
26:00. Cyclophilin D, calcium and mitochondrial permeability transition
28:30. Muscular dystrophy and mitochondrial permeability transition
31:15. Interactions between calcium and ROS
35:00. Diabetes and mitochondrial permeability transition
37:00. Aging and mitochondrial function/volume (sex differences)
42:35. Can calcium precipitate in the cell?
43:53. Can assume skeletal muscle responds similarly to other cells
47:00. Aging and mitochondrial permeability transition
48:55. Aging and the neuromuscular junction
51:58. Deinnervation and the muscle endplate
54:58. Cancer and mitochondrial permeability transition
57:35. Chemotherapy and mitochondrial permeability transition
1:00:15. Takeaway messages
1:01:49. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Orla O’Sullivan from the Teagasc Food Research Centre, from Ireland. She is a research expert effect of diet and exercise on the gut microbiome (the types of cells in the gut microbiome based on the DNA measurements). She has looked at the gut microbiota in rugby players, cricketers, ironman and other sports. She emphasized the importance of having a diverse gut microbiome. This is a very good episode to extend upon the episode on gut microbiota and exercise with Dr Edward Chambers (podcast episode #57). Very interesting work and a fun chat. Twitter: @OrlaOS.
0:00. Introduction
2:30. Difference between this and Ed Chalmers podcast episode
3:30. Oral’s research background
5:30. Gut microbiota sequencing
10:42. Anything known about epigenetics and the gut microbiota?
12:24. How much does the diet affect the microbiome?
15:20. How long does it take for changes in diet to alter the microbiome?
18:52. The mouth microbiota
21:58. Quantifying gut bacteria
22:49. Mechanisms that exercise effects the gut microbiota
24:30. Diet and/or exercise. Closely linked
26:25. Little effect of whey protein on gut microbiome or metabalome
28:30. Gut microbiome in rugby players
31:20. Can use creatine kinase as a proxy of fitness?
35:40. Immunity in rugby players
39:00. May need long term exercise training for microbiota diversity
41:18. Cyclists gut microbiota
43:22. Cricketers gut microbiota
45:20. Probiotics and fermentable fiber etc
47:43. Need both a good diet and exercise
51:07. Ulcerative colitis and kefir: Prebiotics vs probiotics
53:20. Fermented foods have been used for centuries
56:25. Differences in gut microbiota in difference sports
1:00:15. Protein ingestion and the gut microbiome
1:05:35. Antibiotics, the gut microbiome and fermented foods
1:10:35. Does gut microbiome diversity directly link to health?
1:15:05. Gut microbiota: nature vs nurture
1:16:20. Where is the field heading?
1:17:35. Age and sex differences in the gut microbiome
1:18:44. Takeaway messages
1:20:37. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mike Tipton from University of Portsmouth, England. He is an absolute authority on exercise in extreme environments. We talked initially about his important work examining the causes and prevention of drowning in cold water. Autonomic conflict and triathlon mass starts. We then discussed exercise in the cold and cold adaptations and cross adaptation between cold, heat, altitude etc. Smart to pre-cool and cool after exercise in the heat? Mike is very heavily involved with translating his research to the media and lifesaving organizations etc. Very interesting work and a fun chat. Twitter: @ProfMikeTipton
0:00. Introduction 1:55. Most drowning in cold water not due to hypothermia 3:57. Cardiorespiratory effects of falling into cold water. Cold shock 6:40. Gasp response and drowning 7:35. Stay as still as possible, “Float to live” 10:23. Cold and pain receptors 14:20. Rapid loss of heat from the arms in cold water 16:17. Mike heavily involved with translating his research 22:00. Best to keep clothes on if fall in cold water 25:08. Autonomic conflict, anger, breath holding 28:20. Triathlon mass starts and drowning, breath holding 37:10. Concurrent sympathetic and parasympathetic activation 40:04. Marathon swims and difficulties in cold water 42:15. Arm vs leg exercise and blood pressure 44:00. Physiological effects of cold water on muscle 48:40. Griffith Pugh re English Channel swims/climbing Everest 51:10. Acclimation to cold 53:40. We’ve become thermostatic: not perturbing our systems 58:00. Preparing athletes for exercise in the heat 1:00:10. Increased lifespan but not healthspan 1:02:25. Climate change and people that are thermostatic 1:03:40. Cross adaptation between cold, heat, altitude etc 1:10:03. Cold immersion and immunity 1:12:03. Smart to pre-cool and cool after exercise? 1:17:35. Consider the physiology of the body and think integratively 1:21:45. Non freezing cold injury 1:25:10. Consider the risks and the benefits of cold water immersion 1:26:15. Takeaway messages 1:28:10. Be careful where you get your information from 1:31:02. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Edward Chambers from Imperial College London who is an expert on the gut microbiota, exercise and metabolism. He has shown that some fibre can be fermented to short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gut microbiota which can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. In addition, these SCFA can affect appetite. He has also shown that exercise and/or carbohydrate ingestion reduces appetite. Important message, eat the recommended amount of fibre. Very interesting work and a fun chat.
0:00. Introduction
2:21. What is the gut microbiota and why important?
4:02. 1.5-2kg of body weight is bacteria throughout one’s gut
7:02. CHO in mouth effects brain activity /exercise performance
12:34. Meals vs glucose/insulin infusions for muscle glucose uptake
14:20. Is all ingested CHO absorbed or partly fermented?
16:07. Some fibre fermented to short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gut microbiota
21:35. What kinds of fibre are fermentable
22:15. Diet and antibiotics affect your gut bacteria
25:06. Establishing a healthy gut microbiome early if life
27:44. Effects of the SCFA produced by gut microbiota
33:22. SCFA and appetite hormones
34:15. Antibiotics/SCFA and endurance capacity
34:30. Translation of rodent studies to humans
38:45. Effects of acetate on muscle glycogen and fat oxidation
41:58. How quickly can diet affect gut microbiota?
43:29. Probiotics, microbiota, exercise and upper airway infections
46:17. Need sufficient fibre to ferment
49:00. Athletes concerned with gas/bloating from high fibre intakes
51:20. Lean vs obese people and gut microbiota
52:25. CHO ingestion with and without exercise and appetite. GLP-1
1:00:45. Lactate, exercise and appetite
1:02:00. Succinate from muscle and gut microbiota and appetite
1:02:59. Exercise plus GLP-1 agonists for weight loss
1:04:00. Variability in the effects of exercise on appetite/weight loss
1:07:42. Yo Yo effects of exercise and diet on weight loss
1:09:47. CHO and gut microbiota during the Tour de France
1:12:40. Gut microbiota and mental health
1:14:52. Are all gut microbiota good for us? /fatty liver
1:17:20. High fibre intake associated with higher muscle mass and strength
1:21:30. Aging and gut microbiota, need to keep eating fibre
1:24:35. Exercise training changes the gut microbiota
1:28:25. Sex differences in the gut microbiota
1:31:28. Diet with and without exercise and gut microbiota
1:33:05. Takeaway messages
1:35:16. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Benjamin Miller from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) who is an expert on muscle proteostasis /plasticity in response to exercise and aging. He has evidence that muscle atrophy with aging may be due more to increased protein breakdown than reduced protein synthesis. He also has found that the top diabetes drug metformin can impair some of the benefits of exercise.
0:00. Introduction and Benjamin’s current employment etc
6:09. Benjamin’s early background in exercise and science
8:05. Healthspan vs lifespan. Can extend lifespan?
13:12. Metformin can impair some of the benefits of exercise
20:15. Metformin and healthspan/lifespan
23:05. Prescribing metformin to diabetics before diet/exercise
25:20. Drugs aren’t as good as exercise for healthspan
27:20. Proteostasis (protein homeostasis)
29:20. Muscle atrophy with aging: mainly due to protein breakdown?
36:40. Muscle fibers have many nuclei
39:00. Muscle nucleus DNA duplication 42:30. Satellite cells not so important for myonuclei?
45:45. Benjamin’s tracer study methods using D2O
49:50. Myonuclear domain, weight training, muscle memory
52:02. Mechanisms of acute atrophy vs aging
54:25. Mitochondria interactions with proteostasis
57:30. Aging drugs and interactions with exercise
59:40. Statins, exercise and muscle
1:00:20. Exercise better than drugs for healthspan
1:00:40. Lactate infusions during exercise
1:04:20. Lactate, exercise and cognitive function.
1:05:20. Tendon collagen synthesis and turnover (and exercise)
1:13:15. Muscle nuclei can migrate to damaged area
1:13:57. Takeaway messages
1:16:58. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Carlos Henríquez-Olguín from The University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Carlos is an up and coming rising star exercise metabolism researcher. He discusses the challenges of doing mechanistic exercise research in Chile and how he ended up moving to the University of Copenhagen. Language challenges etc. He has been doing really ground breaking research on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contraction/exercise and already won awards for his research. Twitter: @MuscleBiology.
0:00. Introduction/reason invited Carlos onto Inside exercise
4:00. Challenges doing mechanistic exercise research in Chile etc
9:37. Cell culture and mouse ROS experiments in Chile
12:11. How got into reactive oxygen species research
14:25. Muscle dystrophy, contraction and ROS
16:09. Chronic versus acute increases in ROS
16:49. How/why moved to the University of Copenhagen
19:20. No success with initial research at the University of Copenhagen
20:30. Made his own luck
21:39. The need for patience from supervisor if facing challenges
23:40. Language challenges when coming from Chile
26:30. Giving better visibility to early career researchers
31:04. Prizes he has won in both exercise and ROS
34:08. Challenges publishing when from less scientifically recognized countries
36:22. What are reactive oxygen species?
37:50. Theory of ROS and aging
38:30. ROS, antioxidants, oxidative stress, ROS signaling
40:05. Muscle antioxidants, exercise and disease
42:19. Where in muscle are ROS coming from during contraction?
45:02. NOX2, RAC1, glucose uptake with contraction
47:21. What’s activating ROS production during contraction?
48:11. Nitric oxide vs ROS vs both?
50:15. Acute versus chronic increases in ROS
53:16. Best exercise for increasing your antioxidant defenses?
57:50. High ROS production from mitochondria in some diseases
59:30. Can exercise improve these diseases by producing ROS?
1:00:41. Compartmentalization of ROS production in muscle
1:02:03. Should supplement with antioxidants?
1:07:23. Increased mortality in people taking high levels of supplements
1:06:32. Antioxidant supplements improve those with chronically high ROS?
1:09:20. Mitochondria ROS and mitochondria specific antioxidants
1:14:37. Exercise and antioxidant gene expression
1:16:50. Mitochondria have antioxidant enzymes
1:17:50. Carlos’s methods to study ROS with contraction/insulin resistance
1:23:20. Takeaway messages
1:27:39. ROS and glucose uptake during exercise
1:29:43. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Emeritus Professor Michael Gleeson from Loughborough University, England. He is the biggest global name with many decades of research examining the effects of exercise and diet on the immune system. Exercise is beneficial for the immune system unless it is undertaken at a very high /elite level. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @profmikegleeson
0:00. Introduction/Michael’s early career exercise research training
5:41. Early studies on exercise and immune system: Eric Newsholme
6:57. Prolonged exercise reduces plasma glutamine (leukocytes)
8:30. Michael retired in 2016 but still writing books etc
9:56. Increased upper respiratory tract infections after a marathon
11:20. How the immune system responds to prolonged exercise
13:10. What’s going wrong with athletes re their immunity (multifactorial)
16:58. Why does WBC function go down with exercise?
19:42. CHO ingestion during exercise can alter immune function
23:35. Athletes don’t sleep as well, effects immunity
28:00. Moderate levels of physical activity improves immune function
32:18. Very high levels of exercise decreases immune function
36:03. 1-2 hr a day of ex is beneficial for the immune system
37:08. Better outcomes in response to Covid in people that exercise
42:38. Is walking sufficient to improve immune function?
44:35. Does exercise/standing around in cold cause more colds?
48:20. Unless deficient in vitamins and minerals don’t need to supplement
51:45. Vit D / zinc supplementation for athletes?
53:00. Vit D supplementation for ultramarathoners?
55:24. Can detect overtraining using stress/immune markers?
1:03:20. Exerkines, exercise and the immune system
1:07:45. White blood cell levels and exercise
1:11:27. Age and the immune system
1:12:57. Sex differences and the immune system
1:17:35. Do we get sick more often when go on holidays?
1:19:05. Babies need stimulation of their immune systems
1:21:04. Takeaway messages
1:23:35. Smart to push through a cough and keep exercising?
1:26:00. Stress and the immune system
1:27:02. Asthma, bronchitis and air temperature
1:28:02. Most research studies don’t measure if an infection is present
1:30:16. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Paul Cohen from Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth Orlando, Florida, USA. He has a very strong track record of research examining muscle mitochondria in health and disease and in particular the effects of exercise in attenuating the reductions in mitochondrial function with age. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @CoenPM
0:00. Introduction/Paul’s exercise research training 3:10. Exercise, aging and inflammation markers etc 5:55. Bret Goodpaster/Advent Health 8:53. Muscle mitochondria functions 10:15. Mitochondria: energetics, function, biogenesis 13:11. Effects of aging on mitochondria 16:15. Mitochondria energetics, VO2 max and muscle power with age 22:30. Isolated mito vs fibers vs in vivo measures of mito 24:52. Changes with aging per se vs inactivity with aging 28:40. Can mimic exercise using isolated mito measures? 32:03. Time course of mito changes with age vs physical activity 34:00. Is walking enough to maintain mitochondrial volume etc? 35:40. The body and the response to exercise is very integrative 37:25. Lipids in muscle and mitochondrial function 39:00. Subcellular vs intramyofibullar mitochondria 42:55. Mitochondrial energetics and mobility as age etc 44:45. Medications vs exercise 46:08. Aging, mitochondria respiration and leg power 47:40. Aging, mitochondrial energetics and fatigue 49:10. Sex differences in mitochondrial energetics 50:25. Aging vs physical inactivity with aging 52:00. Aging, mitochondria, gait speed and mortality 54:08. If do one thing best to do aerobic or weight training? 56:12. The best exercise is the exercise that people will do 56:10. Social interaction 57:20. Exercise for health span vs life span/“Stop aging” 1:00:12. Healthy aging when have a well managed disease? 1:01:52. Markers of healthy aging 1:03:05. Inherited and acquired mito DNA sequence variations 1:06:10. Nitrate supplementation, mitochondria and aging 1:09:05. Bed rest, diabetes, muscle mass and mitochondrial 1:13:15. Takeaway messages 1:14:43. Links between mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity? 1:18:43. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Lars Nybo from the University of Copenhagen. He is an expert on the effects of environmental conditions on exercise. Here he discussed factors effecting cycling performance and then focused on circumstances where one needs to be careful applying findings from the lab to the real world. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @Nyborger Nybo
0:00. Introduction
2:20. Lars incredible hour record on the bike
4:45. Lab vs real world effects of temperature on cycling
9:26. Coefficient of drag/watts/watts per kg
11:31. VO2 max vs short time trials
13:21. VO2 max (relative vs absolute) and flat vs hilly riding
15:00. How can Wout van Aert do so well in such different events?
16:46. Sprints at end of a stage vs track sprints
18:46. Lab studies steady state but doesn’t happen in real life
21:16. Lars 6 hr lab/field study mimicking real life more
26:06. Fat oxidation higher after many hours hard than fat max test
30:46. Importance of high intensity training vs volume
32:25. Fat oxidation high during hard ex even when ingesting CHO
39:56. 20 min time trial vs VO2 max
41:56. Aerodynamic positions vs power losses
46:56. Heat, stroke volume, cardiac output, VO2 max etc
50:06. Heat, central fatigue, electrical stimulation, EMG
56:46. Usefulness of rating of perceived exertion
1:00:26. Solar radiation and cardiovascular function
1:06:36. Ultraviolet light, nitrite, nitric oxide and drops in blood pressure
1:10:16. Suntan lotion and thermoregulation
1:11:26. Heat acclimation as a result of passive vs active heat
1:14:54. Fans and clothes during exercise and heat acclimation
1:17:36. Does heat acclimation help exercise in the cold?
1:19:21. Heat acclimation raises Hb mass
1:21:41. Altitude and Hb mass
1:25:06. Heat acclimation lowers Hb concentration but raises Hb mass
1:28:16. Increasing cycling infrastructure and adherence
1:32:21. Electric bicycles
1:34:06. Takeaway messages
1:36:06. Max heart rate higher in the heat
1:38:42. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Brad Schoenfeld from Lehman College, The City University of New York, the Bronx, New York. He has a very strong track record on research examining how to maximize muscle hypertrophy and also important protein synthesis and strength studies. He also applies his knowledge being a former personal trainer and a successful competitive natural body builder. We discussed all aspects of resistance training for body builders and also for more recreational strength trainers.
A very interesting chat. Twitter: @BradSchoenfeld
0:00. Introduction/overview of Brad’s personal/sporting and research background
4:04. Relative lack of research in resistance training
5:05. Resistance training more bang for buck than endurance
8:39. Research findings on the optimum reps, sets, sessions etc
10:10. Load/reps/volume and whole muscle/fibre type hypertrophy
13:28. Sets to failure/ matching work etc
15:03. Strength vs hypertrophy vs power training
16:45. Speed of contraction (tempo) and hypertrophy
18:38. Mind muscle connection /internal focus of outcome
21:32. Concentric vs eccentric exercise and hypertrophy
24:50. The more you learn the less you know
25:23. Frequency: Volume and splitting workouts
28:30. Importance of doing research involving supervised training
30:23. Brad was a successful natural body builder
32:40. Short rest periods (hormonal spikes) and hypertrophy
36:18. Muscle signaling doesn’t always match outcomes
39:10. Protein synthesis vs protein breakdown
40:00. Minimal dose to observe gains for recreational lifters
44:00. Order of exercises/super sets/ splitting etc
48:52. Free weights vs machines (complementary)
51:58. Resistance training or endurance training first?
54:04. Reactive oxygen species/antioxidants and adaptations
55:45. Protein intake/timing and protein synthesis
1:00:52. Do men and women obtain enough protein in their diet?
1:02:37. Aging and protein/anabolic insensitivity
1:04:00. Energy deficit/surplus and protein synthesis
1:05:45. Range of motion/length of muscle and hypertrophy
1:10:08. Load/reps and strength
1:13:30. Reps in reserve (RIR)
1:14:55. Takeaway messages
1:17:37. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Wendy Kohrt from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. She has an extremely strong track record of research on how exercise affects bone. She has changed her thinking of late after finding that acute exercise actually has a catabolic effect on bone even though overall, it can have beneficial effects. This is dependent on the actual exercise/sport undertaken and the duration. A very interesting chat.
0:00. Introduction/overview of Wendy’s exercise and research background
5:26. How Wendy got interested in bone/John Holloszy
8:48. Exercise, bone loss and NSAIDs
13:08. Cyclists have low bone density and possible mechanisms
18.44. Sweat calcium loss results in low bone density in cyclists?
23:54. Serum calcium decreases within 15 min of cycling exercise
25:58. Parathyroid hormone increases during cycling exercise
30:20. Calcium clamp during cycling exercise to prevent reduction in serum calcium
33:40. Bone breakdown during cycling exercise that continues for a period after exercise
36:15. What about walking/running?
38:50. Calcium clamp to prevent reductions in serum calcium prevents more of bone breakdown
40:15. When serum calcium decreases, where is the calcium going? Muscle mitochondria?
43:38. Calcium tracer experiments to determine turnover etc during exercise
47:00. Calcium supplementation before exercise?
49:20. Serum calcium levels during running exercise
51:37. So is exercise bad for bone? Paradoxical effects of Parathyroid hormone on bone
54:15. Pharmacological transient increases in parathyroid hormone stimulates bone formation
56:52. Is exercise good for bone health?
59:30. Wendy's current studies
1:03:06. Other effects of bone markers on metabolism etc?
1:05:10. Peak bone mass in late teens/early 20's very important / aging and bone
1:08:28. Calcium and Vit D supplementation and bone
1:11:24. Bone mass in people who have undertaken different types of sports
1:15:26. Should people supplement with calcium before exercise?
1:17:04. Wendy's involvement with the MoTrPAC NIH common fund initiative
1:25:37. Takeaway messages
1:27:30. Serum calcium changes during exercise and the heart?
1:29:04. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Tarnopolsky from McMaster University in Canada. Mark has done pioneering studies in many areas including sex differences and exercise, HITT training and creatine supplementation. Today we focus on his remarkable work with muscle myopathies. Exercise can be beneficial in all muscle myopathies in regards to function and/or healthspan and/or lifespan. The type of exercise will differ depending on the myopathy: endurance, resistance, or both.
0:00. Introduction and overview of Mark’s exercise, clinical and research
4:45. McMaster University: Stu Phillips, Marty Gibala and Mark
6:30. His sex differences and exercise research
8:06. Exosomes re drug delivery and exercise
15:48. Types of muscle myopathies
19:39. Exercise can improve McArdles disease
24:29. Weight training, creatine and McArdles disease
28:20. Exercise and glycoytic defects, glucose ingestion/fasting
30:53. Creatine phosphate
34:50. Rhabdomyolysis
39:53. Mark’s very impressive sporting background and lab numbers
41:45. Mark’s cardiac ablations
42:48. The heart and VO2 max etc
43:49. Mitochondrial disease and exercise/RER
48:30. Ex training increases VO2 max in mitochondrial disease
51:00. Most common mitochondrial diseases
53:20. How does exercise improve exercise in mitochondrial diseases
55:00. Muscle affected in different genetic deficits
57:26. Neuromuscular junction with Dr Tarnopolsky on YouTube
58:17. Exercise beneficial with pretty much every muscle disease
58:40. Exercise improves strength in Inclusion body myopathy
58:50. Exercise improves function etc in muscular dystrophy
59:5 Pompe disease. Exercise better than $1million/yr treatment
1:01:18. Tends to be focus on pharma despite exercise being better
1:03:35. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, exercise and life expectancy
1:09.02. Resistance vs strength vs both in muscle defects
1:11:38. Different resistance training tactics in mitochondrial patients
1:13:02. Creatine and other supplements in muscle defects
1:16:29. Study designs, funding,patents etc
1:18:07. Do people who don’t have muscle myopathies need supplements?
1:19:11. Disclosure: Founder and CEO of the Exerkine Company
1:21:40. “Exercise the best supplement”
1:23:59. Exokines within exosomes not that useful so far
1:28:24. Take away messages
1:31:42. Mark’s running ability/injuries as age etc.
1:33:57. Mark’s injuries/diet/supplements
1:36:54. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice.
Disclosure: Prof Tarnopolsky is the Founder and CEO of the Exerkine Company.
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Emeritus Professor David “Doc” Costill who is an absolute legend of exercise physiology and human performance. He was Founder and Director of the Human Performance Laboratory at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, USA. He made the lab one of the top labs in the world and has a remarkable track record. He supervised the who’s who of exercise physiology research including 7 people (8 including me) who have been on the Inside exercise podcast.
0:00. Introduction, Dave’s the reason I started this podcast
3:54. Frank Pyke
5:37. Many people on the podcast were supervised by Dave
6:00. Dave a fantastic supervisor
6:20. How Dave started his career. Ohio State.
10:23. 1966. Cortland College. Coaching running coach etc. Bob Fitts
16:18. Dave’s incredible swimming ability
18:15. Early running/ running groups/running research
24:12. PhD: essentially supervised himself
27:43. Worked crazy long hours/ Ball State University
36:48. Temperature regulation and running research
37:53. Heart disease and exercise research
38:35. Sports nutrition research
39:58. Caffeine and exercise research
43:30. He exemplifies the golden age of exercise physiology
44:10. Dissemination of information in the lay press/Jim Fixx
47:30. Endowed Chair/applying for grants. 48:20. D. Bruce Dill and the Harvard Fatigue Lab
51:55. David Costill showed Bengt Saltin soleus biopsies
57:35. Phil Gollnick
58:50. Dave’s sense of humor/treats people as equals
1:00:50. Awesome morning routine with Dave / Bill Fink
1:05:00. His untimed exactly 10 min naps
1:06:40. Dehydration, temp regulation and ex perf
1:07:16. Muscle glycogen and exercise (running vs cycling)
1:08:50. Eccentric exercise
1:11:50. Dave Pearson
1:12:48. His swimming research/tapering and his swimming career
1:33:17. He found his swimming times really dropped off after 80
1:37:00. His health
1:39:15. Bicarbonate supplementation and exercise performance
1:42:48. Bob Fitts and Dave looking at single muscle fibers
1:46:00. Space research
1:48:03. Bear hibernation research
1:52:58. Enjoyed being in the lab, “like being in a candy store”
1:56:29. Exercise physiology textbooks vs online learning
1:57:40. Dave’s treadmill VO2 max at 87 years old
1:59:02. Dave’s swimming and running textbooks
2:01:15. Dave’s hobbies: pilot, restoring cars, building planes!
2:09:55. Funny Awards Dave gave out
2:12:00. Outro (9 seconds)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Mark Burnley from the Loughborough University in England. He is an expert on critical power (cycling) and critical speed (running). We compared and contrasted the speed duration relationship across the animal kingdom. Mark is an absolute wealth of knowledge on exercise intensity domains and critical power etc and comparative exercise physiology. Critical power is essentially one’s aerobic capacity and W’ is essentially one’s work capacity. Twitter: @DrMarkBurnley
0:00. Introduction and how Mark’s entry into research
6:12. Exercise intensity domains/ Critical power
10:02. Single out exercise to determine critical power
11:55. Marks students, supervisors, collaborators in the area etc
14:55. Critical power and W’ (the work capacity above critical power)
18:15. Lactate threshold and critical power
23:42. Isometric exercise, resistance exercise and critical power
26:50. Is W’ really all only anaerobic work capacity?
28:36. Maximum accumulated oxygen deficit
29:56. Practical use of critical power/ W’ for training/racing
31:55. Critical speed/pacing
33:50. Zones of training and critical power
37:35. Mark feels that with ex training all roads lead to Rome/Tokyo
38:15. Zone 2 confusion/evidence/lack of evidence etc
41:35. Animal athletes/critical power in animals
53:22. Dogs are too smart to do proper critical power measures
57:20. Desert Iguanas critical power
59:21. Crabs critical power
1:02:00. How compare critical speeds across the animal kingdom
1:04:46. Lungless salamanders critical power
1:06:37. Fish and birds critical power
1:16:35. Fibre type/capillaries/muscle mass and critical power
1:25:30. Humans are below average athletically
1:27:30. Migratory birds energy expenditure etc
1:31:40. Monty python
1:34:42. The speed duration curve shape tends to be similar across species
1:35:03. Crabs and humans have similar critical speed relationships!
1:36:00. Recovery and critical speed. W’ balance
1:39:02. Unthinking lactate use re Best practice for LT determination
1:44:27. Takeaway messages
1:47:10. Zones and training
1:51:10. With ex training all roads lead to Rome/Tokyo
1:52:21. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Stephen Seiler from the University of Agder in Norway. He is American who started his career in USA before moving to Norway almost 30 years ago. He points out that most exercise training research is based around university semesters with mainly untrained to trained transitions which is very different to what athletes do. Stephen coined the term polarized training in 2004 and makes the argument that this is the best way to train and that most world class endurance athletes train this way. This discussion is interesting to compare and contrast with recent episodes with A/Prof Andrew Coggan and Prof Michael Joyner who tend to say all roads lead to Rome. Twitter: @StephenSeiler
0:00. Introduction and welcome2:09. Stephen’s excellent sports science website from back in 1995/64:30. How Stephen got into exercise research7:12. David Costill8:23. Stephens early heart research in rats then move to Norway11:37. His time at the University of Texas in Austin13:50. Debates about the best ways to train for endurance17:20. Ex training research is based around university semesters21:45. Norway: “Threshold training to much pain due too little gain”22:50. Stephen coined the term polarized training in 2004.23:45. Most endurance athletes do most training below LT124:20. Three zone and five zone exercise training models29:10. Pyramidal training30:45. Sharpening/tapering before races (more polarized)32:43. Exercise training: signal versus stress39:30. Manipulating training frequency, duration and intensity
41:03.Overtraining: maximum heart rate (parasympathetic hypersensitivity) etc
48:13. People starting out, get them out the door and develop habit
53:20. Zones as VO2 max goes up
55:35. How know zones?, lactate?, HR, power (Andy Coggan), RPE, talking test
59:33. Hilly running/intervals, metallic taste in mouth, coughing
1:02:50. Do swimmers do polarized training though? David Costill
1:05:02. Polarized training. Approx 80/20 based on sessions, 90/10 based on time
1:08:30. Black hole intensity. Not really easy and not really hard
1:10;46. Threshold training pace, Importance of duration (intensity x duration). HRV
1:17:12. Agrees with Andy Coggans points that lactic acid does not inhibit fat oxidation
1:19:32. Zone 2 and Inigo San Milan
1:22:50. Mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK and calcium. Intensity vs volume
1:27:48. Cardiovascular drift/ uncoupling
1:30:35. But don't most athletes do pyramidal training?
1:33:40. Race pace specificity
1:34:08. Isn't it logical that the larger the training volume the lower the average intensity?
1:38:40. Pro cyclists training averages only 65% of max HR
1:43:10. Lab evidence vs data from athletes Strava etc
1:44:25. Doing lots of threshold training causes stagnation/functional over reaching
1:48:06. Take the emotion / religion out re the importance of Zone 2. Importance of duration.
1:54:59. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research.
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Pope Moseley from Arizona State University in the United States. Pope has a lung and critical care background. We spoke about his early heat shock protein work with Carl Gisolfi, a giant of research on exercise and the gut. Also heat, heat shock proteins, gut leak and heat stroke, exercise training and gut leak, heat shock proteins and autophagy, “Heat shock proteins are how cells think”, heat related illness is only a fraction of disease driven by heat. After a serious acute back injury requiring back surgery, Pope found Kettlebells to be very useful (we discussed the person who introduced kettlebells to the west, Pavel Tsatsouline).
0:00. Introduction and Pope’s running and medical background
4:49. Heat shock proteins and exercise (with Carl Gisolfi)
9:45. Exercise and the heat legend: John Sutton
12:14. Cognitive effects of heat exhaustion after exercise
13:56. John Sutton papers brilliant
14:40. Heat, heat shock proteins and gut leak
19:15. Exercise training makes the gut less leaky
21:10. Heat stroke can be due to gut barrier breakdown
22:44. Chris Leigh, exertional heat stroke and the gut
24:14. Bente Klarlund Pedersen and Bengt Saltin
28:47. Interactions between heat shock proteins and autophagy
32:40. Heat shock proteins as chaperones
34:00. Heat shock proteins, autophagy and exercise
36:46. Exercise, exercise training and heat shock protein
38:01. Heat related illness only a fraction of disease driven by heat
44:15. Can exercise reduce the likelihood of heat related illness?
47:02. Denmark and equality, health care access, tax etc
50:57. Pope’s back injury and emergency surgery
54:50. Introduction to Kettlebells and his certification etc
56:10. Kettlebells and Pavel Tsatsouline
58:55. Pavel Tsatsouline, interval training and stroke volume
1:04:05. Grip strength, getting up from the floor and posture
1:08:04. Pope’s kettlebell Instagram
1:10:18. Working on heat in Phoenix Arizona
1:11:40. Pope doing the Tactical strength challenge
1:13:56. Viruses take over heat shock proteins
1:17:45. Takeaway messages
1:18:18. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Kristian Thorborg from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark who also has s position at Lund University in Sweden. We spoke about the role of the placebo effect, sports injury prevention and especially the role of eccentric exercise, plyometrics, whether stretching reduces sports injuries, prehabilitation, exercise to avoid surgery, rehabilitation, is ice useful, effectiveness of adjunct treatments, start with the least aggressive approach etc. Twitter: @KThorborg
0:00. Introduction and Kristian’s background
8:15. Evidence base for physiotherapy/ physiotherapy is a profession
12:20. Physiotherapy treatments for injury pain
14:21. The placebo effect in physiotherapy treatment
17:31. Outcomes when treated by a doctor vs a physiotherapist
20:52. Sports injury prevention with eccentric exercise
22:57. Nordic hamstring exercise: Eccentric exercise
32:33: Copenhagen abductor exercise: Eccentric exercise
39:45. Load vs speed of contractions re injury prevention
41:30. Plyometrics
44:34. Why Lance Armstrong bounding for cycling.
45:23. Does stretching reduce sports injuries?
55:26. Prehabilitation useful to recovery from surgery?
58:29. Exercise to avoid surgery
1:01:47. Rehabilitation: how early? Individualized vs usual care?
1:12:32. Push through pain?
1:14:09. Does good rehab reduce reinjury?
1:15:52. RICE. Not a fan of ice after injury
1:19:33. What are the biggest risk factors for injury?
1:24:55. Effectiveness of adjunct treatments
1:31:50. Is massage effective?
1:32:50. Sham surgery as effective as surgery?
1:36:28. Start with the least aggressive approach
1:40:45. Takeaway messages
1:44:25. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell https://www.facebook.com/glenn.mcconell/
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Scott Trappe, Director of the Human performance laboratory at Ball State University, Indiana, USA. We spoke about the influence that Scott’s supervisor, the great David “Doc” Costill, has had on exercise physiology (long time Ball State HPL Director before Scott). We then discussed the negative effects of space on the human body and whether exercise can minimize these negative effects. In space slow muscle fibers atrophy more than fast fibers and there is a large shift to fast fiber types. Exercise attenuates this. A very interesting, relaxed, fun chat. @HPLBallState0:00. Introduction etc
3:22. Ball State, David Costill and Scott’s background
10:30. Space research: Bob Fitts, David Costill and Scott.
14:50. Retesting champion runners 25 plus years later
19:16. Space flight experiments, biopsies in Russia etc
20:43. Effects of space on physiology, fluid shifts etc
27:08. Slow muscle fibers atrophy more than fast fibers
29:50. Integrated physiology
31:40. Lower body negative pressure/exercise in space
37:22. 6 months and longer in space: Moon, Mars
40:10. Biopsies within 6-8 hrs after get back from space!
44:22. Appetite in space
46:09. Exercise around 90 min/day in space
47:23. Exercise provides partial protection and less fibre type shifts
50:34. Bed rest studies
52:10. Bone loss / not much pharmacology in space
53:02. Less interfering effects on exercise responses in space
55:08. Fiber type shifting with inactivity/space/exercise
1:00:30. Hybrid muscle fiber cells. Myosin heavy chains
1:04:16. Time course of bone loss/recovery
1:06:14. Is exercise before space flights protective?
1:07:19. Space travel, exercise and insulin sensitivity
1:08:06. VO2 max and the heart after space travel
1:10:43. Space flight increases the velocity of muscle contraction
1:16:45. Medications in space
1:18:00. Eccentric loads in space
1:19:04. Huge multi lab NIH exercise research project: MoTrPAC
1:28:59. Takeaway messages
1:30:43. David Costill: 87 and still training like an athlete!
1:34:30. Scott’s exercise training and racing
1:37:37. Banter about dos and don’t in the lab
1:38:52. Glenn’s Copenhagen sabattical plans/trip to Indiana?
1:41:30. Outro (9 secs)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Juleen Zierath who has had a remarkable background with current senior roles at both the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. She was also previously the Chair of the Nobel Committee. We discuss the effects of circadian rhythms on: muscle insulin sensitivity, metabolic responses to exercise in T2D vs controls, exercise performance, metabolism in men vs women and integrative physiology. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @JuleenRZierath.0:00. Introduction and Juleen’s academic and research background7:39. Ball State University and David “Doc” Costill9:40. What it’s like on the Nobel Prize committee15:00. Circadian rhythms and physiology/metabolism/exercise18:50. Metabolic flexibility, circadian biology and exercise19:50. Central and peripheral clocks etc.23:55. Jet lag and light/clocks24:25. Different experimental models: Insects, mice and humans27:53. Circadian misalignments in obesity and diabetes29:02. Genetics + environment re obesity, insulin sensitivity30:06. Circadian rhythms in muscle cells32:40. Exercise: can it cure type 2 diabetes?35:32. Genes matter35:42. Shift work and insulin resistance / cancer36:46. Hyperglycemia after morning not afternoon exercise (CGMs)43:50. Mortality and the time of exercise44:56. Effect of the time of day on exercise performance46:18. Sex differences: exercise, inflammation and the genome50:37. Controversies?: we don’t know enough/more to learn53:43. Takeaway messages56:09. Outro (9 secs)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats for a second time with Associate Professor Andrew Coggan from Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA. Andy was an elite time trial cyclist who has a very impressive research track record. He also wrote the first book on training and racing using power (training levels). As was the case last week with Michael Joyner, Andy makes the case that different types of training can result in similar results (and there’s nothing special about zone 2). “Nothing magic about training at a particular intensity”. Andy was the first guest on Inside exercise in June 2022 talking about Nitrate and exercise.
0:00. Introduction and Andy’s cycling and research background
5:07. Andy’s cycling TTs and power based training
7:56. Andy’s early aerodynamic bike and aero positioning
10:56. His decision to develop cycling power levels
15:50. Wrote the first book on training and racing with power
17:00. Muscular metabolic fitness/lactate threshold
21:10. Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)
22:47. Little use having a one off lactate threshold test
23:55. Best predictor of performance is performance itself
24:25. Critical power / W’. Exercise intensity duration relationship
28:15. Zone based system around critical power
29:20. Training levels based on functional threshold power (FTP)
31:27. What is Zone 2? /long slow distance etc.
35:30. Lactate thresholds (LT1 and LT2)/continuum
37:55. Lactate threshold vs ventilation threshold
38:52. Don’t need to burn fat during ex to optimize fat use adaptations
41:07. Exercise intensity and fat use
43:45. What’s the best training program?
44:29. Same increases in ability to burn fat with HIIT
45:16. Lactate doesn’t inhibit fat use during exercise
51:40. Andy questions some interpretations of San Milan
53:10. Cardiovascular drift /aerobic decoupling
58:20. What to do if your performance plateaus
59:40. Exercise training programs: All roads lead to Rome
1:02:19. Specificity, overload, reversibility and different sports
1:04:34. Exercise training zones and intensity/duration
1:08:00. Physiological responses occur on a continuum
1:08:55. Quasi metabolic steady state
1:12:35. Wahoo 4 dimension power: “FTP is dead”
1:14:18. Takeaway messages/ the need for Inside exercise
1:17:32. Do people do zone 2 partly because it’s easy?
1:21:12. VO2 max does not change over a season
1:21:58. Demands of the event/characteristics of the athlete
1:23:57. Exercising and health (effects on the heart)
1:27:56. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats for a second time with Professor Michael Joyner from the Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA. Michael blew me away with his absolutely amazing knowledge on past athletes and coaches and their endurance training methods. Very different types of training can result in similar results. His running Haiku: Run a lot of miles, some faster than your race pace, rest once in a while. Michael was first on the podcast on October 9th, 2022. Michael’s Twitter: @DrMJoyner
0:00. Introduction
2:25. Foot races in the 1700s and 1800s (running 5 min/mile!)
3:56. Pheidippides: run from Marathon to Athens etc
4:49. Tarahumara Indians from Northern Mexico
5:05. Arthur Lydiard’s (Peter Snell etc) training methods
7:45. Rudolf Harbig, Zatopek, Percy Cerutty, Herb Elliot
9:50. Bob Schul (intervals twice a day) and Ron Clarke
10:05. All roads lead to the 1964 5000m at the Tokyo Olympics
11:35. Dellinger/Bowerman: Mixed training methods like today.
13:10. Very different types of training can result in similar results
13:30. His running Haiku: Run a lot of miles, some faster than your race pace, rest once in a while
15:30. Kipchoge training very similar to Bill Rodgers and Frank Short (1970s)
16:13. Derek Clayton: high mileage at close to race pace
19:02. Several ways to reach the same VO2 max, LT and economy
21:48. Long slow distance runners raced a lot. Eg Ed Winrow
23:35. Year round training: Parvo Nurmi etc
24:20. Glenn Cunningham: intervals. Rudolf Harbig
26:01. Sweden during WWII, Zatopek interval training
27:16. In the 60s push back against intervals, LSD
29:12. Swimmers: Igloi style interval training with short recoveries
32:35. Would runners do better with a modified Igloi/Schul style program?
35:05. Michael’s impressive cycling training/ hard-easy
39:02. “Peloton art”/ “Strava art”
39:27. David Costill: reduced swimmers training volume
43:17. How high a VO2 max can the average person attain?
45:46. Arthur Lydiard/all round athletes etc
48:37. Develop as all round athletes before specialize
50:00. Overreaching/Overtraining
52:40. Takeaway messages
53:54. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Niels Ørtenblad from the University of Southern Denmark. He is an expert on muscle glycogen. We discussed the history of muscle glycogen and exercise research, the effect of diet and exercise training on muscle glycogen levels and use, the distribution and use of muscle glycogen within different muscle fibre compartments, unusual to fully deplete muscle glycogen during exercise
and the potential role of muscle glycogen depletion in muscle fatigue. Very interesting stuff. Niel’s Twitter: @nortenblad.
0:00. Introduction and Niels background
6:15. History of the study of muscle glycogen and exercise
9:15. Muscle glycogen and lactate
11:38. Correlation does not imply causation
12:10. Fat use during exercise is less efficient than CHO
14:12. Diet, muscle glycogen and exercise performance
16:00. 1920s and 1930s a golden age of exercise physiology
18:20. Bengt Saltin undertook 30,000 muscle biopsies
20:00. Effect of intensity and duration on muscle glycogen use
21:20. Diet and muscle glycogen use
23:15. High glycogen results in high glycogen use during ex
24:33. Exercise training results in higher muscle glycogen levels
25:51. Why “waste” muscle glycogen when it’s high
27:30. Energy faster from carbohydrate than from fat
28:40. Carbohydrate ingestion and muscle glycogen use
32:05. Glycogen particles / location within the muscle and fatigue
36:51. Calcium release, glycogen levels and fatigue
40:20. Unusual to fully deplete muscle glycogen during exercise
42:40. Muscle glycogen depletion in different muscle fibers
45:30. How muscle glycogen effects muscle calcium release
49:55. How muscle glycogen effects muscle calcium uptake
51:53. Muscle glycogen and excitation-contraction coupling
57:18. Diabetes and muscle glycogen use during exercise
58:17. Muscle glycogen use during exercise in male vs females
59:24. Need really high muscle glycogen?/increases body weight
1:04:16. Studies he’s excited to do
1:05:38. Should try to disprove your hypothesis
1:08:20. Takeaway messages
1:09:30. Glycogen particle size with glycogen use/diet
1:13:40. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Jonathan Little from University of British Columbia. Kelowna, Canada. He is an expert on metabolism, nutrition, type two diabetes and exercise. We discussed what are keto (ketogenic) diets, different types of keto diets, the rationale for them and their effect on heath and exercise performance. We then did the same with ketone supplements. Whether there is a rationale for keto diets depends on who you are (overweight vs lean, insulin sensitive vs T2D, athletes vs non athlete etc).
0:00. Introduction and overview of the area
3:38. Jonathan’s academic and sporting background
6:58. Medical ketogenic “keto” diets and epilepsy
9:07. Modern “well formulated” keto diets and metabolism
13:15. What are ketone bodies
15:46. Ketosis and adherence to keto diets (and other diets)
20:04. Why/how keto diets reduce body weight
22:49. Are glucose excursions (spikes) a problem?
25:00. Effect of keto diets on cardiovascular risk/LDL etc
27:56. Keto diets when lean vs overweight or have type 2 diabetes
31:08. Cheat days when on keto diets
34:44. Metabolic flexibility/adapting to different diets
38:01. Keto diets and exercise metabolism/performance
43:10. Energy not produced as quickly from fat vs CHO
45:09. Endurance perf not better on keto diets vs high CHO diets
47:00. Controversies re keto diets and ex perf
49:25. Keto proponents arguments against high CHO
51:25. If not an elite athlete probably don’t need to pack in CHO
53:15. Keto may help overweight recreational sports people
54:26. Long term keto diets and health
57:07. CHO ingestion in keto adapted athletes
59:06. Very low RERs in keto adapted during intense exercise
1:02:30. Ketone supplements and exercise: types/rationale
1:04:58. Ketone supplements and exercise performance
1:07:58. Combined CHO plus ketone supplements and ex perf
1:09:13. Combined keto diet plus ketone supplements and ex perf
1:11:33. Ketone supplements and glucose tolerance/inflammation
1:15:01. Ketone supplements before and during exercise
1:15:58. Liver/beta cells and blood glucose regulation
1:18:12. Takeaway messages
1:23:23. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Margo Mountjoy from McMaster University in Canada. A wide ranging and at times emotional discussion about the types of harassment and abuse (psychological abuse underlies most), prevalence of abuse (higher in marginalized groups), power relationships, reporting policies and procedures, barriers to reporting abusive behavior, the Nasser case, how empower the good people to effect change etc. Trauma informed care, the 4Rs: Realising that trauma is common, recognizing the signs of trauma in other people, responding to it and resisting retraumatization. A very passionate, compassionate and caring person.
0:00. Introduction and Margo’s sporting and Medical background
6:25. How Margo was first confronted by abuse in sport
8:25. Her leading IOC consensus statements on abuse
10:35. Cultural normalization of abuse
11:45. Barriers to reporting abusive behavior. Nasser case
13:09. Safeguarding framework during the Olympic Games, local sport etc
15:45. Types of harassment and abuse
20:15. The Larry Nasser gymnasts sexual abuse case
24:02. Toxic cultures, eg physical abuse of children in Japan
25:35. Learned behaviors/positions of power
29:21. Prevalence of abuse. Higher in marginalized groups
34:30. Victimizing and sport training
36:15. Homophobic slurs in sport
38:37. Body fat, image, shaming/eating disorders
42:15. RED-S (relative energy deficiency in sport)
44:03. RED-S, weight loss and abuse
45:37. Harassment, abuse and mental health
48:39. Need to recognize, manage, treat and support
53:12. Reportable offenses/involving the police
54:25. Are things getting better?
56:10. Doctors: Advocating/empowering
57:44. Trauma informed care: the 4Rs.
1:02:10. Takeaway messages
1:04:10. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor José González-Alonso from Brunel Univesity London. We discussed exercise in the heat, dehydration, fluid ingestion, blood flow, metabolism and human circulation. He has a very strong research track record having researched these areas for around 35 years. We discuss how he began his career doing research with some very big names.
0:00. Introduction and how José got into research etc
5:57. Does heat stress reduce muscle blood flow during exercise?
8:40. Exercise in mild environmental conditions
11:40. Loss of bodily fluids during exercise
14:33. Heart rate and the periphery
16:55. Why cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise?
19:43. Effect of dehydration on ex performance
24:10. Effects of fluid ingestion during exercise
31:16. Fluid ingestion, adrenaline and muscle glycogen use
33:50. Blood particles (osmolality), dehydration and exercise
36:48. Blood volume, cardiac output and VO2 max
41:50. Exercise in hot and humid conditions
44:44. Central (brain) causes of fatigue during exercise?
52:55. Generalizing results from non elite participants
54:00. Drinking during running vs cycling
56:57. Starting race euhydrated vs hypohydrated
58:10. Only drink a lot if sweating a lot /osmolality and urine
1:00:13. Sweat sodium concentration during exercise
1:02:45. What is still unknown in the area?
1:10:55. Heat, elite athletes and mitochondrial adaptations
1:16:00. Hypohydration vs dehydration and ex perf
1:17:51. Takeaway messages
1:22:10. Heat, ATP and blood flow
1:24:47. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Kirsty Elliott-Sale from Manchester Metropolitan University, England. She is an expert on female exercise physiology . We discuss the effects of the menstrual cycle, oral contraception, pregnancy and the menopause on exercise performance. As will become apparent, more research needs to be done on these important areas.
0:00. Introduction and Kirsty’s intro to research etc
5:05. Finally more research on female exercise physiology
6:25. Men have been the default research participants
9:53. Sex difference studies are a very different issue
11:47. Effects of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance
-Systematic review/meta analysis mentioned: Kelly Lee McNulty et al. Sports Med. 50(10):1813-1827, 2020.
14:45. Variation in menstrual cycle length, existence, symptoms
20:35. Manipulating the menstrual cycle/hormonal profile
22:13. Ovarian hormone changes over the typical menstrual cycle
24:40. Effect of oral contraception on ovarian hormone levels
32:05. Effect of oral contraception on exercise performance
-Systematic review/meta analysis mentioned: Elliott-Sale et al. Sports Med. 50(10): 1785–1812, 2020.
42:00. Effects of pregnancy on exercise performance
46:50. Questionnaires on these areas of research
49:00. Return to exercise after having children
55:30. Effect of the menopause on exercise performance
1:02:40. Does the menopause effect the trajectory of changes
1:04:17. Muscle mass loss after menopause
1:05:35. What Kirsty is excited about at the moment
1:08:30. Takeaway messages
-Methodological considerations paper: Elliott-Sale. Sports Med. 51(5):843-861, 2021.
1:11:19. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Stuart Phillips from McMaster University in Canada. He is the world expert on protein needs for optimal muscle mass with exercise. We discussed gaining muscle to combat losing muscle. The discussion centered around resistance training, dietary protein needs, whether need protein from meat, the timing of protein intake, the need for protein supplements and protein needs with aging. Lots more. He has been very open to changing his views based on the data. An important, fun chat.
0:00. Introduction and Stuart’s research journey
7:50. Gaining muscle to combat losing muscle
10:35. Muscle mass loss with aging, role of inactivity
12:30. Need to do both cardio and resistance training
14:43. Maximizing gains in muscle
18:25. Rating of perceived exertion to prescribe exercise
22:25. Muscular endurance vs aerobic endurance
26:20. Rugby: Big, fast and fit. Jonah Lomu
27:55. Resistance training can increase running economy
29:08. Now believes no need for most athletes to eat extra protein
33:55. Aging results in anabolic resistance
35:40. Timing of protein intake is not important
36:35. Most don’t need protein supplements
40:10. Need other supplements? Creatine
44:28. Plant-based diets are sufficient for protein needs
47:20. Healthy vegan/vegetarian diets and health
49:08. Healthy vegan/vegetarian diets have sufficient protein
52:39. Unhealthy vegan/vegetarian diets
54:40. Protein synthesis rates vs long term outcome
58:15. Can you outrun a bad diet?/issues with social media
1:04:44. Protein turnover and complementary proteins etc.
1:08:20. Genetic limit to muscle mass etc
1:10:15. Leucine, anabolic steroids and protein synthesis
1:13:15. Are there adverse effects of protein? Protein restriction
1:17:00. Plant-based protein better for longevity
1:19:30. Rodent studies/ catabolic crisis etc
1:21:30. Why endurance athletes live longer than resistance athletes
1:23:04. High load vs low load and hypertrophy
1:24:32. Capillary blood flow and resistance training
1:25:55. Interference of strength and endurance training?
1:26:50. Takeaway messages
1:31:15. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor, Google podcasts Etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Samuele Marcora from the University of Bologna in Italy. He is an expert on the psychobiology of endurance performance and fatigue. We discussed the importance of the perception of effort/rating of perceived exertion on exercise performance and fatigue. Pros and cons of zoning in vs zoning out. How the perception of effort can be modified by factors such as exercise training, mental fatigue and caffeine. 0:00. Introduction and Samuele’s research journey 8:33. Feeling of fatigue when at rest vs fatigue during exercise 11:03. “Central fatigue” 12:09. Fatigue and perception of effort 15:33. Doesn’t agree with the Central governor model 20:54. Motivation and exercise in the heat 23:08. RED-S, expectancy of perception of effort 24:46. Aspects making up the psychobiological model 29:55. Time trials and pacing 32:34. Mass start races 34:25. Pros and cons of zoning in vs zoning out 39:06. Amnesia and pacing 41:00. Caffeine reduces perception of effort 46:45. Physical fitness reduces perception of effort 50:40. In a marathon the perception of effort is similar for everyone 51:35. How do some push through pain vs mere mortals 55:58. Motivation and exercise performance 57:36. Experience and the ability to push oneself 59:50. SAS type training is essentially psychological training 1:01:19. Contribution of genetic components 1:02:36. Going too fast at the start of races 1:05:22. Central command vs feedback (afferent) signals 1:14:03. Respiratory frequency and perception of effort 1:15:58. Brain training/mental fatigue 1:20:35. Psychological load affects overall training load 1:25:03. Why fatigue when ingest carbohydrate 1:29:45. Dopamine /serotonin and fatigue 1:33:24. Capsaicin and perception of effort 1:35:05. Panadol (Paracetamol) and perception of effort 1:36:58. Pacemakers help partly due to cognitive drafting 1:38:32. Takeaway messages 1:40:25. What about efforts under 30 seconds? 1:45:02. Outro (9 secs) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all. The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University. He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9). Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Graham Holloway from the University of Guelph in Canada. He is an expert on mitochondrial bioenergetics. We discussed the effect of exercise intensity and duration and exercise training on fat/lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, whether alterations in substrate availability such as high fat diets, high fat meals, high carbohydrate meals etc affect fat oxidation and mitochondrial function and the effect of high fat diets on insulin sensitivity. Central role of ADP.
0:00. Introduction and Graham’s sporting and research journey
6:06. Fat availability and fat oxidation at rest snd during exercise
8:40. Carbohydrate metabolism out-competes fat metabolism
11:25. More energy per unit of oxygen from carbohydrate than fat
13:13. Increased ability to oxidize fat with endurance training
15:21. ADP and breakdown of muscle glycogen
16:20. Less increase in ADP during exercise after ex training
17:45. Effect of exercise intensity and duration on exercise metabolism
23:46. Fat more efficient store of energy
25:32. Does lactate inhibit fat oxidation?
28:47. Exercise training and sparing muscle glycogen during ex
29:40. Maximum fat oxidation rate
31:40. Best intensity of exercise training for mitochondrial adaptations
35:09. High fat diets and fat oxidation during exercise
37:40. Randle cycle/Glucose-fatty cycle
38:28. Meal composition affects what is used for energy
40:06. Excess body lipids/fat contribute to insulin resistance
45:35. Reactive oxygen species, fat and exercise
49:03. Best way to remove excess lipids/fat is to exercise
50:14. Dealing with extra carbohydrate
51:25. One high fat meal can cause insulin resistance
51:54. Insulin resistance and fat oxidation/ADP:
53:15. People with T2D have normal fat oxidation and normal glucose uptake during exercise
55:12. Does insulin resistance cause mitochondrial dysfunction?
58:14. Does mitochondrial dysfunction cause insulin resistance?
59:19. One high fat meal can cause insulin resistance
1:00:43. Ex training protects against fat induced insulin resistance
1:03:12. Acute exercise is protective w/o changing weight
1:04:30. Same mechanisms in adipose tissue/heart as skeletal muscle
1:06:04. Acute vs chronic reactive oxygen species/stress/exercise
1:10:10. Controversy around mitochondrial dysfunction/insulin resistance
1:11:42. Increasing fat oxidation by high fat diets
1:14:17. Takeaway messages
1:16:00. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
YouTube
Spotify
Apple Podcasts
Google Podcasts
Anchor
Etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Hargreaves from the University of Melbourne in Australia. He is a leader in exercise metabolism/physiology and was Glenn’s PhD supervisor. The discussion centred around the effects of muscle glycogen availability and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on exercise metabolism and also performance/fatigue. There was also discussion of high fat/ketogenic diets, GLUT-4, the central nervous system and the effect of the volume of fluid ingested with and without addition of electrolytes.
0:00. Introduction and Mark’s beginnings in exercise research
9:10. Effect of exercise intensity on the fuel mix used
12:27. High fat/keto diets and exercise metabolism/performance
16:10. Hazards of too much fat or too much carbohydrate
Also, what type of dietary fat and what type of dietary carbohydrate matters.
18:40. Need personalized management of people
21:05. Hard to keep muscle glycogen low
24:32. Continuous glucose monitors
25:30. Why use more glycogen during ex than need if start high?
27:00. Heat and glycogen metabolism
28:26. Why fatigue when consuming carbohydrate during ex?
31:50. Carbohydrate ingestion and liver glucose output
33:30. High doses of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise
38:00. Need increased CHO availability if ex less than an hour?
41:25. Repeated sprints and glycogen etc
43:05. Resynthesis of glycogen during low intensity exercise?
47:12. Both excess CHO and excess fat can cause problems
52:35. Caffeine vs coffee and metabolism
53:40. Rehydration with meals vs special solutions
54:25. Fluid ingestion and electrolytes
59:10. Glycogen and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
1:00:50. Mark’s current senior academic position
1:02:47. Mark’s “photographic memory” and the literature
1:04:39. Exercise and GLUT-4 expression
1:09:00. Muscle GLUT-4 normal in muscle in T2D
1:10:23. Takeaway messages
1:14:34. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor, Google podcasts, Podcast addict etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paul Greenhaff from the University of Nottingham in England. He has been a leader in exercise metabolism research for over 30 years. He was the top global researcher in creatine and exercise for many years. His focus over several years has been on inactivity. We discuss the metabolic effects of inactivity and immobilization on insulin sensitivity and protein synthesis.
0:00. Introduction and Paul’s academic journey
4:00. What is physical inactivity and how is it measured?
8:53. Inactivity itself has negative effects that are under appreciated
10:56. Rodent models of activity/inactivity
13:25. Bed rest + sitting time and insulin resistance
16:02. Rapid reduction in insulin sensitivity with immobilization
18:08. Inactivity not just the opposite of activity?
21:10. After immobilization the responses to exercise is less
22:22. Effect of prolonged immobilization
25:38. Effects on blood flow distribution?
27:55. Effects of immobilizing one arm on the other arm
29:42. Study with 60 days of bed rest
32.15. Does immobilization cause muscle inflammation?
34:45. Exercise increases glucose uptake into bone
36:10. Episodic immobilization and metabolism and muscle mass
41:20. Return of function after immobilization
42:38. Exercise/anabolic resistance
46:51. Inactivity the largest risk factor for death
49:25. Effect of age on muscle mass etc
52:45. Why does insulin sensitivity decrease then plateau
54:13. What’s more important, diet or exercise?
55:32. Rodents/ cells as models
58:26. Do exercise snacks overcome inactivity?
1:00:10. Brain grey matter and activity/inactivity
1:03:30. Exercise effects multiple organs/integrative physiology
1:06:33. Takeaway messages
1:08:04. Why avoiding insulin resistance is so important
1:10:43. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Google podcast, Podcast addict, etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Grégoire Millet from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. He is an absolute world leader in research into altitude training and hypoxic conditioning. This area has progressed greatly from Live High-Train High (LHTH) to Live High-Train Low (LHTL),
LLTH and LHTL (and High). The type of attitude training/hypoxic conditioning one would undertake depends on if training for endurance or team sports. We also discussed using low oxygen (hypoxia) and high oxygen (hyperoxia) for health benefits.
0:00. Introduction and Grégoire’s background
4:58. History of altitude training
6:52. Many combinations of altitude training
LHTH, Live High-Train Low (LHTL), LLTH, LHTL (and High)
9:45. Altitude and oxygen availability
12:45. Altitude vs breathing low oxygen: not the same
14:32. Immediate responses to hypoxia
20:12. Lower VO2 max at altitude
24:39. Absolute vs relative exercise intensity
25:46. Placebo effect?
28:45. Long-term responses to altitude
32:24. Need to exercise for optimal adaptations in muscle
33:34. LHTL
36:19. LLTH
41:34. Health effects of LLTH
43:04. Repeated sprints in hypoxia (RSH)
45:29. LLTH and improved blood vessel function
47:54. Health effects of low and high oxygen
54:50. Hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) to cause hypoxia
59:00. VO2 max training at altitude
1:00:55. Use more carbohydrate during exercise at altitude
1:02:30. Greater sympathetic activation (adrenaline etc) at altitude
1:04:52. Oxidative stress/ Reactive oxygen species
1:08:42. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger
1:10:12. Manipulating repeated sprints duration to alter aerobic/anaerobic contributions
1:13:20. Specificity of training to achieve required outcomes
1:13:51. LHTL (and High) in Rugby players
1:17:40. LHTL and LHTL (and High) for endurance
1:19:09. Ultramarathon star Killian Jornet and altitude training
1:21:15. Controversies in the area
1:24:47. Health benefits the most exciting for him
1:25:37. Outro (9 secs)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Spotify
Google Podcasts
Anchor
Podcast Addict
Etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor John Thyfault from the University of Kansas Medical Center. We discuss how when one takes in more calories than they expend, this results in elevated fat and glucose in the blood which disrupts liver metabolism. This can result in fatty liver and insulin resistance. Exercise can prevent and treat fatty liver even independently of body weight. There are important sex differences too. We also touch on ketones, carbohydrates, insulin and the liver.
0:00. Introduction and how got into exercise/liver research
6:48. Liver metabolism during exercise
8:17. Liver and insulin resistance
10:55. Why get fatty liver?
13:28. Liver very adaptable to diet and exercise
15:52. Converting carbohydrates into fats/lipids in the liver
17:03. Why some overweight get fatty liver and others not
18:23. How exercise prevents/treats fatty liver
21:26. Liver tries to compensate for fatty liver but eventually overwhelmed
22:50. Excess calories vs exercise
Difference is turnover rate.
24:50. Liver as an energy converter
27:10. Liver uses fat for energy for new glucose production
28:15. What find of exercise to lower liver fat?
30:32. High fitness is protective of fatty liver
34:20. The body is very integrated across organs.
35:56. Energy balance and the liver
38:05. Can you outrun a bad diet?
40:40. Our dog makes an appearance!
40:46. How does the liver know we are exercising?
42:12. How does exercise make the liver more insulin sensitive?
42:44. Inactivity and the liver
44:11. Genetics/epigenetics
48:50. Sex differences and fatty liver
51:35. Translation of rodent studies to humans
54:09. Ketones, carbohydrates, insulin and the liver
58:10. Weight loss from calorie restriction vs exercise
59:09. Bile acid recycling and exercise capacity
1:02:04. Early life stress and obesity/running amount
1:04:10. Studies that worked out better than expected
1:07:26. Take home messages.
1:09:02. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Anchor
YouTube
Google Podcasts
Podcast Addict etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Javier Gonzalez from the University of Bath. We discuss carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism at rest when fasted vs fed, during exercise when fasted vs fed and the effects of exercise on metabolism after a meal. We also discuss muscle and liver glycogen resynthesis and the effects of different types and amounts of carbohydrate. Finally, we touch on Javier’s study with ketone supplementation and EPO.
0:00. Introduction
2:23. How got into exercise research
4:43. Metabolism at rest when fasted and in response to a meal
7:30. Effect of exercise on metabolism after a meal
9:15. Transient hypoglycemia during exercise after a meal (in some)
10:04. Effect of increasing amounts of glucose on blood glucose levels
12:21. Tracer studies to determine glucose turnover/flux
The glucose concentration does not tell us the rate of glucose appearance and disappearance. Need tracer methodologies to determine this.
18:06. Maximum rate of CHO can ingest during exercise
Glucose vs fructose etc.
20:55. Glycogen resynthesis after exercise
23:00. Indirect pathway of glucose metabolism in the liver
24:49. If exercising once per day generally don’t need to maximize glycogen levels
29:23. Glucose, fructose vs normal food/meals
31:17. Generally don’t need CHO loading or CHO ingestion if exercise is ~1hr
33:24. CHO backloading
35:52. Glucose spikes after eating are generally normal physiology
After a meal it is normal to have a “spike” (excursion) in glucose concentrations.
38:45. Research studies using fasted vs fed individuals
40:38. Time to exhaustion vs time trials
43:34. CHO ingestion reduces liver glycogen use
Is there a sensor from the liver to the brain that effects exercise performance?
46:28. Fasting, exercise intensity and CHO needs
49:03. Ingesting CHO and lactate measurements
50:50. Continuous glucose monitors
53:40. Often doesn’t find what he expected to in research
55:08. What’s he excited about right now?
58:35. Liver glycogenolysis vs gluconeogenesis during exercise
59:59. High exercise intensity and CHO metabolism
1:01:47. Different ways of measuring insulin sensitivity
The so-called gold standard to determine insulin sensitivity is the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp but it’s so different to eating meals.
1:04:58. Ketones, exercise and EPO
1:07:32. Endurance athletes generally benefit from high CHO diets
1:09:04. Take home messages
1:12:08. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell '
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify
Apple Podcasts
YouTube
Google Podcasts
Anchor
Podcast Addict
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Katrien de Bock from ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. We discussed how exercise training increases blood vessels in skeletal muscle. Also muscle cells and blood vessels in regards to injury/repair and cancer. We also discussed exercise and leucine sensitivity.
0:00. Introduction
2:00. What is the vasculature. Blood vessels Endothelial cells etc
5:46. Redirecting blood to the muscle during exercise
7:16. Exercise training increases blood vessels in muscle
8:50. Exercise also improves blood vessel function
10:13. How does exercise increase muscle blood vessels? Called angiogenesis. It appears there is either sprouting or splitting into two. Not clear still.
14:32. Does every study you do work? Need resilience. “Negative data”.
19:06. Types of cells in blood vessels/ cell cross talk Satellite cells, white blood cells etc.
21:05. Muscle repair and blood vessel cells Timing important. Anti inflammatories
24:20. Too many anti inflammatories not ideal For adaptations to exercise and muscle repair.
24:44. Exercise blood flow stimulates blood vessel growth/angiogenesis Also vascular endothelial growth factor.
27:07. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1a) Exercise is an adaptive response to stress 29:28. Endothelial cells differ between organs The experimental models that she uses. Metabolically active endothelial cells.
33.17. Different types of exercise and blood vessel growth
35:35. Blood vessels and satellite cells
37:30. The importance of cell, animal and human studies
38:35. Keep eyes open to collaborations from left field Serendipity and persistence. Apold1.
43:07. Blood flow restriction/iliac artery endofibrosis
46:27. Exercise and leucine sensitivity Timing of protein intake after exercise not important. Anabolic resistance.
50:45. Takeaway messages
52:40. Exercise, cancer and blood vessels etc
54:34. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Herman Pontzer who is a Human Evolutionary anthropologist from Duke University. Herman has undertaken research with current day hunter gather communities and shown that although they are a lot more physically active than western societies, their average energy expenditures are not higher!! Constrained energy model (energy compensation): that when exercise the body constrains other energy use so less change in energy expenditure than would expect. Based on this he has the theory that exercise doesn’t affect energy expenditure/body weight. Glenn challenged these ideas and was a devils advocate throughout this discussion.
0:00. Introduction
1:47. Herman was surprised Hadza hunter gathers don’t have high energy expenditures
7:39. Others had found dissociations between PA and energy expenditure
8:34. So I ride 1hr/day and walk 10,000 steps but don’t expend more energy?!
9:43. Constrained energy model
11:20. Minnesota starvation experiment
14:30. Starvation vs extreme exercise
16:30. Midwest exercise 2 study
17:05. Constrained energy model takes time
18:51. Some people can push past the constrained energy model
21:20. Within subjects vs cross sectional effects re Constrained energy model
23:58. He found higher body fat compensate more with exercise
26:12. Optimal BMI for all cause mortality increasing
28:00. BMR, energy expenditure and the Constrained energy model
32:39. Double labeled water method
35:19. RER and double labeled water method
37:50. Measuring food intake in Hunter gathers
40:02. Given his model, shouldn’t athletes that eat a lot put on weight?
42:29. Amount can exercise where overcome Constrained energy model
44:44. Lack of weight loss in exercise studies
49:04. Agree that there must be some energy compensation with exercise
51:12. Relative energy deficiency in sport vs energy compensation
53:40. Exercise and resting metabolic rate
56:09. Cooking potatoes doubles the energy density?!
57:38. He thinks diet determines body weight
1:00:17. Hunger/satiety
1:01:38. Losing weight with exercise and hunger hormones
1:03:21. Genetics x environment re obesity crisis
1:05:58. Hadza don’t mix CHO and fat foods
1:07:52. Components that may play a role in the constrained energy model
1:12:41. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify
Apple Podcasts
Google Podcasts
YouTube
Anchor
Podcast addict
Chromecast etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Laurie Goodyear from the Joslin Diabetes Centre at Harvard Medical School. Laurie is a very big name in the field of exercise metabolism with a remarkable track record. She has examined glucose and fat metabolism during exercise and more recently has been focusing on developmental origins of health and disease and the benefits of exercise. Exercise of the mother, the father and even the grandmother has beneficial effects on offspring, especially if the parents were on a high fat diet. The role of epigenetics is discussed.
0:00. Introduction
3:20. How Laurie ended up in exercise research. Started off very applied and then mechanistic.
8:02. Developmental origins of health and disease. Dutch famine etc.
12:22. Rodents allow observations over a lifetime.
13:00. Genetics and epigenetics
17:30. What you do during your life affects what’s passed on
18:30. Maternal exercise and offspring health. High fat diets with and without exercise
25:50. Effects on the placenta /liver SOD3 activates AMPK. Need normal Vitamin D and exercise
28:20. Human studies appear to fit with the rodent findings
33:00. Paternal exercise and offspring health High fat diets with and without exercise
37:40. Grand-maternal exercise
40:29. Voluntary wheel running
42:08. Recommendations before conceive
44:00. Translation of mice running wheel results to humans. Normally active is the control. Sedentary behaviour is the treatment.
49:36. Real life: Things not working in the lab
52:34. How much the high fat diet vs obesity?
54:38. Exercise early in life can overcome issues. Pancreas.
58:10. Organ cross talk. Fat cells and exercise. Adipokines. Lactate signaling the adipose tissue.
1:01:03. Take away messages.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: youtube.com/@insideexercise
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Håkan Westerblad from the Karolinska Insitute in Sweden. Håkan is a massive name in the field examining the mechanisms of muscle fatigue. The first 20 min is a general discussion of fatigue during exercise which is suitable for a general audience. Then it becomes more complex as as we discuss the mechanisms causing fatigue.
0:00. Introduction
0:56. His background, semi-retired, Scandinavian research
5:36. Definition of fatigue
7:39. Potential sites of fatigue. Central vs peripheral fatigue.
10:34. Fatigue during exercise in the heat.
14:02. Eccentric/concentric contractions and force/fatigue
17:22. Eccentric exercise and muscle soreness
18:16. Lactic acid and delayed muscle soreness
20:26. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle fatigue.
24:35. Methods in muscle and humans fibers.
25:50. Mechanisms of fatigue during 100m sprint.
31:28. Creatine supplementation and fatigue.
33:22. Fatigue, acidity and physiological temperature.
35:47. Lactate beneficial?/protective?
37:26. Lactate threshold.
38:37. Calcium and fatigue. Sodium-potassium pumps.
40:50. Energy used for contraction vs maintaining muscle ion levels.
43:46. Mechanisms of fatigue during 400m running race.
45:30. Muscle fibre types and fatigue. Calcium and fatigue.
50:13. All out 400m run versus 400m repeats
50:36. Muscle glycogen, prolonged exercise and fatigue.
56:50. Sodium potassium pump and fatigue.
1:00:40. Mental fatigue and nitrate.
1:06:20. Recovery and training responses. Low frequency fatigue etc.
1:12:35. Antioxidants/free radicals and adaptation/fatigue. Too many antioxidants can have a negative effect.
1:21:28. Studies that need to be done.
1:26:40. Lactate acid causes burning feeling?
1:28:20. AMP-kinase activation during exercise.
1:31:10. Key take home messages.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell
https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: youtube.com/@insideexercise
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Abigail Mackey from the University of Copenhagen. Abigail is an expert on muscle injury, repair and aging. They discussed these plus the protective effect of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise, whether it’s smart to take anti-inflammatories after injury, different types and areas of injuries, causes of injuries, treatment of muscle injuries, muscle innervation, exercise and age and more.
0:00. Introduction and how got into the area
4:32. Composition of skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies, mixed muscle, single muscle fibers etc.
8:31. Muscles response to injury. Satellite cells.
12:12. Muscle regeneration after injury. Biopsies, eccentric exercise and electrical stimulation.
15:41. Protective effect of repeated eccentric exercise. Don’t get sore when repeated bouts.
19:42. Smart to take anti-inflammatories after injury?
23:20. Different types and areas of injury.
28:25. Causes of injuries.
31:30. Treatment of muscle injuries.
33:54. Treatment of chronic tendon injuries.
36:23. Aging and injuries. Get injuries more frequently. Less motor neurons and less muscle fibers with age.
45:54. Muscle innervation, exercise and age.
58:58. Do you find what you expect when do studies? So-called negative findings.
1:07:35. How elevated creatine kinase when no damage?
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: youtube.com/@insideexercise
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Jorgen Wojtaszewski from the University of Copenhagen. Jorgen has an exceptional track record of research examining how exercise increases glucose uptake during the exercise and how exercise increases the sensitivity of muscle to insulin. We discuss insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, type 1 diabetes and exercise, type 2 diabetes and exercise, glucose uptake during exercise, glucose uptake after exercise, best exercise to increase insulin action, gender effects, aging effects etc. Also the likelihood of developing a drug to mimic exercise’s effect of insulin sensitivity.
0:00. Introduction and how he got into the area
2:47. Exercise, insulin and insulin after exercise
5:00. Exercise, insulin and type 1 diabetes. Historical factors re exercise and insulin
8:50. Exercise and type 2 diabetes
13:54. Better to prevent diabetes than treat
15:00. Mechanisms that exercise increases insulin action One bout (acute) of exercise vs exercise training (chronic)
20:00. Each bout of exercise increases insulin sensitivity For 24-48 hrs. 22:13. Best exercise to increase insulin action
24:11. Glycogen use during exercise and insulin action
27:20. Acute exercise after exercise training Is there an upper limit to insulin sensitivity of muscle.
29:26. Researchers usually involve well controlled people with T2D Can we assume we’d get the same results if involved people with T2D on medications etc. 31:00. Struggles/failures in the lab Winston Churchill. “Going from failure to failures without losing enthusiasm”. Be open to learn from mistakes.
33:22. Story telling in science Stick with original introduction/rationale. Problem of lack of hypotheses. So called “negative findings”.
37:12. Sex differences
39:52. Aging effects Possibly due to less physically active. Same with T2D, tend to be less PA.
41:45. How know if insulin sensitive?
45:05. Variability between individuals
48:02. Personalized phosphorylation of proteins Application to insulin resistance. Also cancer.
52:02. Insulin resistance central to many diseases Chicken or the egg?
53:45. Possibility of an exercise pill and would it be safe? AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)!specifically. Possibly eventually a treatment but not a cure.
58:22. Take home messages.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Google Podcasts
Anchor
Podcast addict etc
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Trent Stellingwerff from the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific. Trent has a very interesting background in applied research and translation through coaching Olympic athletes etc. Formerly head of R&D at PowerBar. In a really fun chat we talked mainly about his research with the very important relatively new area of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). RED-S effects not only exercise performance but also health. We also sports performance after pregnancy. Important take home: Need to be in long-term energy balance for long term ideal body composition, health and exercise performance. Twitter: @TStellingwerff.
0:00. Introduction and Trent’s background
6:58. Melbourne commonwealth games. His wife ran there. Craig Mottram: Shivers up the spine!
10:40. Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Low energy availability (LEA) etc.
14:15. Problematic vs adaptable. LEA
17:20. Effects on hormones and RMR
18:00 Sex differences
20:15. Guidelines for measuring energy expenditure
25:34. Measuring body weight too crude. If in energy deficit RMR decreases.
28:40. Partitioning energy to vital organs
32:24. Indicators of RED-S
34:25. RED-S results in greater stress fractures
37:25. LEA due to exercise vs diet
40:50. Ovulation doesn’t occur every cycle
43:23. Exercise performance vs RED-S
45:35. RED-S and health. Need to be in energy balance for ideal body composition, health and exercise performance long term.
49:37. Power to weight ratio
52:56. Overtraining can be due to RED-S. Energy intake not considered enough in overtraining studies.
56:44. RED-S/overtraining and heart rate.
59:47. Things not working in the lab/real life. Don’t assume.
1:04:20. Timing of carbohydrate intake
1:06:20. Exercise and pregnancy
1:10:39. Muscle biopsies no big deal after childbirth!
1:11:32. Derek Clayton wished he had a muscle biopsy in 1969.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell
https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3JzcwAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Nick Tiller from Harbor UCLA. Nick is a COPD and exercise researcher with other interests such as ultramarathon. However, the focus of this episode is on his expertise in regards to the importance of being skeptical of health and fitness claims. He has written the book A skeptics guide to sports science. He makes some very important points re critical thinking, confirmation bias, logical fallacies, appeals to nature, false dichotomy, the role of social media, pre-bunking. A very articulate and interesting person. Twitter: @NBTiller
0:00. Introduction
3:05. Sits in Karlman Wasserman old office
4:58. Nick’s respiratory medicine research. COPD patients etc. Ultramarathon research including sex differences.
11:11. Skepticism and sports science. His book: A skeptics guide to sports science. In the health and fitness industry science takes a back seat to marketing.
14:17. Lack of regulation in wellness industry. Tend to be able to make claims without evidence. BS mechanisms and false claims.
20:00. How we make decisions. Society has changed so much more than our genes. People want short cuts.
22:31. So many scammers etc now. Bombarded with so much data. Need to be able to think critically.
25:36. Skeptical vs critical vs cynical. Socratic method/scientific method. Carl Sagan.
26:48. Plausibility.
28:30. Scientific integrity/confirmation bias.
31:10. Snake oil salesman of old and social media now. Echo chamber
35:47. Debunking and pre-bunking.
41:15. Peer reviewed publication doesn’t mean good research.
45:58. “The death of expertise”. Need to respect experts especially when there’s scientific consensus
50:15. Making vague claims to avoid litigation
55:00. Logical fallacies and appeals to nature
58:35. False dichotomy
1:00:20. Twitter followers are not credentials
1:03:49. Censorship vs free speech re health etc
1:11:45. Can always sharpen your critical thinking.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Michael Joyner from the Mayo Clinic. He has a remarkable background being an anaesthesiologist with wealth of research experience and knowledge in exercise physiology. More recently he has published around 20 high impact papers on the use of convalescent plasma in Covid19! An example of how he is so open to new ideas. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @DrMJoyner.
0:00. Introduction
1:45. Eliud Kipchoge’s recent marathon world record
3:27. Michael’s athletic background
4:32. Determinants of endurance performance. Including more discussion of Kipchoge.
8:09. Greatest athletes historically. Remarkable knowledge. Hard to compare different eras.
10:50. High lactate thresholds. Fiber types, mitochondria, capillarization.
14:25. Classic exercise studies. John Holloszy. Rodent and human studies. Frank Booth, Ken Baldwin. Eddie Coyle retraining study etc.
17:32. Anaesthesiology vs exercise Anaesthesiologist.
19:36. Use of convalescent plasma and Covid19. Heavily involved in instigating the use of convalescent plasma from people who have had Covid19. Challenging precision medicine.
27:19. Convalescent plasma and cancer. Repurposing skills to solve problems. Picasso: “Learn the rules like a pro, break them like an artist”.
29:40. A 1:50 marathon
32:51. Twitter and his cancer research
33:55. Strength vs aerobic capacity for longevity. Frailty: Decline greatly from middle 70s. Circuit training get strength and aerobic capacity.
39:00. Exercise is integrative physiology. An exercise pill to cover everything that exercise does makes no sense.
41:38. Adherence to diet and exercise. 5-6 healthy habits of 90 year olds
45:23. Resistance training as age
46:35. Don't have to have a reason to do things. Stepping back from return on investment thinking.
50:08. Identity anchors disrupted by Covid
51:12. Being open to ideas/resilient. Learning how to stumble into things and go with it.
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Stuart Biddle who has a dual affiliation with the University of Southern Queensland (Australia) and the University of Jyvaskyla (Finland). A very interesting and informative chat with lots to think about. Stuart feels that we need to focus more on the environment than we have done, as well as the individual (particularly affect/feeling states/enjoyment), to get increased physical activity. Not a fan of the "Extraordinary claims" around HIIT.
0:00. Introduction and Stuarts position
3:15. Behaviors, determinates/drivers of physical activity
5:45. It’s complex 6:50. Psychological perspective: individual vs environment. Social ecological model. 8:30. Built environment
13:22. How make PA a habit. Enjoyment etc Affect/feeling state/enjoyment/social. Health can drive short term, maintenance needs positive reinforcement.
18:40. Mental health and PA
19:28. What PA/exercise should do: too complicated? Guidelines, policy and implementation.
22:38. Do PA campaigns work? Increase awareness even if don't change behaviour.
26:32. Drop off in sport/exercise/PA after finishing school
28:32. Population level change
32:27. Prioritize bikes +public transport over cars. Habits/lessening barriers. Low cognitive effort.
36:33. Not a fan of HIITs "extraordinary claims". Low adherence to proper HIIT. Not useful from a public health perspective. Thinks some methodological issues etc.
43:14. Ideally diet/exercise/PA before medical approach
46:18. Need different approach. Changing behaviour. Environment so that natural motivation. Becomes the social norm.
53:00. Covid and PA
55:42. Dream study?: systems approach research
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paige Geiger from the University of Kansas Medical Centre on Heat therapy, exercise and chronic disease. Paige has undertaken very important mechanistic and allied work in this field. We discussed many things (see time stamps below).
0:00. Introduction how got into the area
6:26. How first idea to look at heat and diabetes Phil Hooper in 1999 put people with T2D in hot tubs
9:00. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) Activated by many stresses in addition to heat. Many roles.
10:53. High fat diets and heat Need to raise body temp by 1C
14:22. Body temp increases during exercise Some of the benefits/adaptations from exercise may be activation of HSPs
16:26. Preconditioning and HSPs
17:49. Separating the effects of exercise from heat Additive effect of exercise and heat?
20:54. Q10 effect, exercise and HSPs?
22:27. HSPs with heat vs exercise
25:54. Ideal heat therapy dose Temperature, time, number of sessions.
29:55. Why not just exercise? Not everyone can exercise.
32:22. Heat therapy for chronic diseases 35:08. Sauna vs hot tub 36:58. Higher core temp vs heating muscle
38:40. Heat and myokines/exosomes 40:33. What’s turning on HSPs Heat shock factor 1 etc.
43:52. Heat therapy and the mitochondria/insulin sensitivity
49:35. How often need heat therapy?
51:34. Does everyone respond to heat?
52:45. Is heat therapy appropriate for all?
54:13. Aging and heat therapy 55:23. Heat having effects in addition to HSPs?
56:49. Troubleshooting in the lab
59:14. HSPs, exercise and the liver
1:01:56. Too much comfort?
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise (below plus most other platforms too)
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNAApple
Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor John Hawley from the Australian Catholic University on Exercise and type 2 diabetes. John is one of the most recognized names in exercise metabolism. He has published over 300 journal articles (Google scholar: 40,000 citations, H index 113). We discussed many things (see time stamps below).
0:00. Introduction
1:34. Putting exercise and diet ahead of medical interventions
4:52. John’s background / the All blacks
6:14. Acute exercise in type 2 diabetes
8:28. Exercise snacking
11:16. Intensity of exercise
HIIT exercise increases glucose levels.
12:29. Don’t complicate it, just exercise
14:34. Take the stairs
17:02. Muscle glucose uptake normal during exercise in T2D
18:44. Genes haven’t changed environment has
21:45. Most diets unsuccessful
24:43. Time restricted eating
27:20. Continuous glucose monitoring
29:17. Circadian biology messed up
32:53. No national food guidelines consider the timing of meals
33:58. Inactivity and exercise resistance
34:53. Not a fan of intermittent/prolonged fasting
37:33. It’s an individual thing
38:00. Timing of exercise
39:07. Assessing glucose control over the day
45:58. Exercise and insulin sensitivity
50:28. What would be your dream study?
53:01. Most studies do not involve typical people with T2D
55:04. Need to stick to it, not quick fix
56:31. Mechanisms of exercise vs diet
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Jørgen Jensen from the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences about Carbohydrate and protein requirements of endurance athletes. He has over 30 years of experience examining these areas. We focussed on muscle glycogen depletion during exercise and glycogen resynthesis after exercise. He thinks no mechanistic link between glycogen content and fatigue. Also discussed combined carbohydrate and protein ingestion and protein requirements for endurance athletes. A short discussion on his work with caffeine and exercise and his current research.
0:00. Introduction and how Jørgen got into research
3:25. His initial glycogen metabolism research
5:15. Glycogen depletion and performance
7:17. Glycogen deletion in different fiber types
12:25. No mechanistic link b/w glycogen content and fatigue
15:18. Low glycogen and glucose uptake w/o exercise
18:30. Fasting and muscle glycogen
21:00. Why fatigue when ingest CHO during prolonged exercise?
24:31. Glycogen resynthesis after exercise
25:49. CHO vs CHO + protein after exercise
31:08. Matching caloric expenditure to intake
34:27. Glycogen supercompensation
38:09. Glycogen synthase and glycogen resynthesis
41:41. Protein requirements for endurance athletes
49:08. What things have gone wrong in the lab?
50:46. Caffeine and exercise
56:08. Amazing recent Norwegian athletes
58:01. Exercise and glucose tolerance
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3pSYnNSXDkNLH8rImzotgP?si=Whw_ThaERF6iIKwxutDoNA
Apple Podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy84ZTdiY2ZkMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Claude Bouchard about Genetics and exercise in health and performance. He recently retired at 82 yrs from the Louisiana State University Pennington Biomedical Research Center. He had made an amazing contribution with an H index of 191 and 173,000 citations!! (Google scholar).
0:00. Introduction
1:06. Got Covid19 then went flying fishing!
3:38. How got into genetics research
5:40. Working out the role of genetics before could measure DNA easily. Twins studies etc.
11:05. Using physiology to assist with the genomic pursuit
12:57. Complex traits are influenced by 100s to 1000s of variants. So complicated now that need all sorts of collaborators with different skills including bioinformatics, computational biology.
14:36. How got to the HERITAGE study. Twin studies etc.
18:15. Genetics re sedentary cardiorespiratory fitness and trainability. About 50% genetic contribution to both but no relation between your sedentary cardiorespiratory fitness and your trainability. Totally different set of genes regulating the two. Therefore don’t include sedentary and active people in the same research group.
23:46. Genome, proteome, transcriptome and biology. Initial VO2 max based on genes regulating stroke volume/cardiac output etc. Training response based on genes regulating growth pathways. Totally different set of genes regulating the two.
27:49. Epigenetics and training responses.
29:49. Incredible changes in technologies over his career. He has needed to incorporate many different technologies and people with different skillsets over the years. At one stage he had 60 people in his lab!
32:58. High and low capacity runners (rodent studies). These studies support the human studies on the role of genetics in sedentary cardiorespiratory fitness and trainability.
36:56. Do very good endurance athletes start off high capacity runners?
40:03. “Responders” and “non responders”
41:30. Get out and exercise, don’t blame your genes. Zero correlation between the trainability of VO2 max and the improvement in health profile.
42:28. Ability to improve health with ex unrelated to trainability Insulin sensitivity etc.
44:02. “Non responders” still see beneficial effects of exercise. Even non responders improve their submaximal exercise responses and their health, even though don’t increase their VO2 max. Better to call them poor responders.
47:30. Variability of responses to exercise with cancer
51:50. Correlation between initial health and improvements in health with exercise?
53:31. Where’s the field heading?
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Eddie Coyle from the University of Texas at Austin. Eddie has been instrumental in our understanding of the effects of carbohydrate ingestion and fluid ingestion during prolonged exercise and also physiological characteristics of endurance athletes (amongst other areas). Here we talk about his more recent very important and novel work.
Inactivity and exercise resistance:
His studies are showing that if you do not undertake enough steps during the day (inactive) then when you exercise at night you will not increase your fat oxidation and triglyceride clearance the next day. Standing no better than sitting in regards to fat oxidation and triglyceride clearance the next day. What about if exercise twice a day or exercise hours a day then are inactive the rest of the time? How does exercise resistance fit with the fact that we generally find people with the lowest VO2 maxes have the biggest increases in VO2 max with exercise training? VO2 max adaptations compared with metabolic adaptations with exercise training in inactive vs active participants. Need to walk enough so that you don’t turn on the unhealthy responses to inactivity and then you need to exercise more vigorously to increase aerobic capacity and get those benefits as well. Important "to move": Increasing from 2000 steps a day to 6000 steps per day to prevent the negative effects of inactivity (independent of true exercise).
4 second repeated sprints:
A type of very short sprint interval training (SIT). High forces without large increases in lactic acid production that occur with 20-30 second sprints (HIIT). Short rest periods so aerobic component. Remarkably one ends up with increases in VO2max, anaerobic capacity, strength and metabolic adaptations such as improvements in insulin sensitivity. Also neuromuscular adaptations. 18-30 x 4 sec sprints with 15-45 sec recovery (depending on stage and age). 10-20 min long training sessions. Similar increases in VO2 max with these repeated 4 sec sprints as see with continuous training or HIIT training (20-30 sec sprints). 50-70 yr olds respond similarly to younger participants and actually obtained thigh hypertrophy from the 4 sec sprint training. People tolerate it well and he is receiving overwhelmingly positive feedback. Improved activities of daily life. Mechanisms of increases in VO2 max: has shown an increase in blood volume and red blood cell mass. Assuming increases in left ventricle mass (hasn’t examined). He is producing a special bike (inertial load ergometer) suited to this type of training. Also, I took the opportunity to ask Eddie a controversial question about whether he thought cyclists improve their efficiency with training (given he had shown this with Lance Armstrong). Twitter: @Inside_exercise, @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell talks with Professor Abbie Smith-Ryan from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill about Women in science and female exercise physiology. Abbie has done remarkably well to publish 165 papers and be rapidly promoted to full Professor while raising a family. Abbie talks about the challenges for women in science and also her research with female exercise physiology.
Introduction and how got Abbie into research.
Women in science: women are under represented in science and exercise science in particular. We discussed challenges for women in science, more male Professors/senior roles so there is a lack of mentors for women about how to do well in science, expectations and challenges when have children and juggling career, find what you love, time management, effects of the pandemic resulting in fewer women publishing, women doing more “invisible labour” so having a greater mental load (men and women wired differently), how do we change things so better for women?, women receiving student evaluations about their appearance and what they wear, pressure on women to be “nice” and not direct, if ambitious women are sometimes considered bossy but male is considered a leader, women more likely to say yes to doing service work etc, whether one should shoot to have M: F 50/50 or go for the best credentialed, maybe redefine the criteria on what makes someone considered a who’s who for the podcast, good that more conversations are taking place about the lack of diversity in exercise physiology although not much change yet.
Female exercise physiology: sex differences but also female exercise physiology per se, why are we not involving more women in research?, most studies use normal menstruating women despite that fact that many are on hormonal contraception, need to reduce barriers to allow a larger group of women to be involved in studies, use of DEXA in women, so many variables to control: eg can apply results from one phase of the menstrual cycle to other phases?, need more funding for studies with females because of the extra hormonal measures, pregnancies tests etc needed, most exercise and nutrition recommendations are assumed to be the same in males and females but can’t assume this, baseline physiology in lectures and textbooks uses males still, barriers in regards to recruiting and funding research with women, does one need to change their nutrition and training across the menstrual cycle?, creatine supplementation and women, IUDs, body composition measures across the menstrual cycle.
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Jerry Dempsey from the University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health on "Is the lung built for exercise". Jerry is a legend and the most recognizable name in the area, having examined the respiratory system and exercise for 60 years. He is 84 and although he says he retired at 82 he is still heavily involved.
We discussed responses of the respiratory system to acute exercise and the regulation of respiration. He outlined how in most people there is reserve in the respiratory system such that it is not limiting to VO2 max or endurance performance. However, there can be substantial reductions in arterial oxygen levels during heavy exercise in some very well trained athletes indicating that the respiratory system can become the main limiting factor to VO2 max in these individuals.
The lung does not appear to adapt to exercise training in young people but perhaps does in older individuals. However, more research is needed on this. Lungs lose elasticity with aging and may become even more limiting. With removal of a portion of the lungs in humans, the remaining lung tissue can expand, and chronic hypoxia causes adaptation, but does exercise? Some recent evidence of cross talk from muscles to the lungs with exercise and also evidence of the benefits of exercise on the lungs of smokers.
Exercise-induced asthma in athletes: some it is actually laryngeal dysfunction, some asthma and some have both. In elite athletes chronic very high of ventilation in cold air can damage the airway. But still important to exercise. Need better studies on exercise and asthma. Respiratory muscles are trainable and fatigable. Need better studies on exercise and asthma. Respiratory muscles are trainable and fatigable. Respiratory muscle training improves exercise performance in heart failure patients.
Thoroughbred horses have lungs that are really limiting, also nasal breathers which is not good for getting large volumes in and out. Unlike exercising humans, they might benefit wearing nasal strips!!
There are gender differences such as women have smaller airways at a given lung volume and higher upper respiratory tract infections. Twitter: @Inside_exercise @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Kathryn Schmitz from Penn State University who is a world leading cancer researcher who has been involved in many guidelines on exercise in cancer. We discussed how exercise reduces the risk of cancer, improves treatments and outcomes, reduces reoccurrence, and improves the state of mind of cancer patients and survivors. Similar to diabetes, cancer is a metabolic disease, and exercise improves metabolism. Indeed, as you will hear Kathryn arrived at cancer and exercise research after first undertaking metabolic type research.
We talked about some of the mechanisms that exercise is protective against cancer, such as turning over fat so that it is less pro inflammatory and reducing insulin levels by increasing insulin sensitivity. Insulin-inflammation cross talk. A lot of the effects of exercise training are due to each acute bout. Kathryn also described how exercise effects the blood flow to tumours which can help with treatment delivery. We also discussed sex differences and genetics in regards to cancer and exercise.
Kathryn pointed out that although 80% of oncologists knew it was part of their job to talk with their patients about exercise, only 14.7% of patients are prescribed exercise. We have all been touched by cancer in various ways and I feel confident that you will get a lot out of this. Twitter: @fitaftercancer @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Benjamin Levine who has the best global research track record in Sports cardiology/cardiovascular physiology and exercise. He is the founder and Director of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Professor of Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Distinguished Professor of Exercise Sciences at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. He has published over 400 journal articles with a very high H-index of 109.
We enjoyed a broad ranging discussion including:
-
how the main determinant to be an endurance athlete/ to have a high VO2 max (aerobic capacity) is the maximum stroke volume (how much blood pumped per beat). Their heart and pericardium stretch more (more compliant) which allows a large stroke volume.
-
Athletes big hearts: Which comes first, the training to increase the heart size or need to have a big heart first?
-Genetic component to being a great endurance athlete? Can’t use genetic profiles, it’s a gene-environment interaction.
-Eccentric hypertrophy (volume load) with purely long slow distance exercise, concentric hypertrophy (pressure load) with purely strength training. But many activities are a combination of volume load and pressure load. Eg Rowers have the biggest hearts, thick walls and large volumes (they have a combined strength and endurance type training stimulus): they have mean arterial pressures of 250mmHg during exercise!
-Resistance trained people do not have a thick walled hearts like one might expect because they only have the high pressure loads during the exercise, unlike people with hypertension that have pressure loads 24/7.
-Dallas bed rest study from 1967 then followed up with the same participants 30 years later. Found that 3 weeks of bed rest was worse than 30 years of aging for the body’s capacity to do physical work! Aging leads to atrophy and stiffening of the heart and reduced compliance of the blood vessels and life long training prevents this.
-Four to five days a week of exercise the sweet spot for optimizing cardiovascular health (one fun easy 60+ min, 2-3 moderate to vigorous, 1 intense plus sone strength training).
-If been sedentary for a life time (eg 70 year olds) exercise can’t reverse the hearts lack of compliance etc. Starting exercise before the age of 55 is important.
-Walking not hard sufficient load to maintain the hearts function. Endothelial function and exercise training: greater dilation of blood vessels after exercise training.
-For the vast majority of people competitive levels of exercise is good for heart health. In a small amount of people that do an extraordinary amount of exercise, exercise-induced right ventricular cardiomyopathy can occur (this will be discussed more in a later podcast by the expert on this, the Cardiologist Dr Andre La Gerche). Genetic cardiomyopathies and exercise. Higher calcium/calcification in coronary arteries in some athletes but this doesn’t increase mortality and appears to reduce mortality. Higher rate of atrial fibrillation with high levels of exercise training but not greater heart disease risk.
-Exercise can’t be expected to overcome a bad diet.
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Louise Burke from Australian Catholic University. Louise is an extremely experienced academic dietician and practitioner with probably the best current track record in the area. In a wide ranging discussion we discussed many things including how she got into the field ("by accident"), the importance of high CHO intake compared with high fat/ketogenic diets for endurance performance, how forcing the body to burn more fat during exercise (by high fat diets) can make one less economical/efficient (which is the opposite to "super shoes" which improve running economy), competing with social media influencers to get quality information out there, changing the CHO intake based on the phase of the training program, sports nutrition not black and white: it is nuanced based on the individual, the event, the goals, the stage of the season etc, glycogen resynthesis, importance of the type of CHO (nutrient rich except during exercise and in moderation for enjoyment), lower dose caffeine and exercise (masking fatigue), John Hawley and coke slushies, Olympic marathon winner Frank Shorter using coke for performance and training with low CHO (in 1968!), CHO ingestion: can train your gut to absorb more, the type of CHO ingested matters, David Costill the legend, Tour de France cyclists dietary practises (during the stage and over the full day), protein requirements and timing of protein intake, chocolate milk the darling of sports nutrition, electrolyes in sports drinks. Twitter: @Inside_exercise @LouiseMBurke @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor David Wasserman from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. David is recognised as an absolute authority on glucose homeostasis. His research focuses on how the system acts to protect sugar levels during exercise and disease. This talk is wide ranging with a focus on the liver. We discuss the large range of roles of the liver, how it maintains blood glucose levels at rest and in particular during exercise. The role of circulating hormones in the regulation of liver glucose output during exercise is a focus. Professor Wasserman has been at the forefront of this aspect of hormonal research for over 30 years. We then discuss insulin resistance and the liver and how exercise can increase insulin sensitivity (reduce insulin resistance) in various organs, including the liver. In addition, we touch on organ cross talk during exercise. David's father, Karlman Wasserman was a legend in exercise physiology and well known for his anaerobic threshold concept. David proudly discusses how he was also a very well regarded and internationally renowned pulmonary physician who saved many lives, including once saving a woman's life who was choking in a restaurant, using his swiss army knife and a straw! Twitter: @Inside_exercise @MouseCentral @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Andy Jones from the University of Exeter in England about the incredible Eliud Kipchoge and what it took for him to break 2 hr for the marathon distance. Professor Jones, who has an exception research track record, conducted a study with 16 world class marathon runners to determine what factors are required to run a marathon in 2 hr. He then used this data and other information he had to choose which runners would attempt Breaking2 in Monza in 2017. We discuss this attempt and Eliud Kipchoge’s eventual breaking of 2 hr in Vienna in 2019. Andy outlines the contributions to the record-breaking run of VO2 max, lactate threshold /the highest percentage of V02 max one can hold and running economy. We also discuss the other factors such as the use of pacemakers, drafting, the crowd, nutritional strategies and of course his shoes. Andy also shares some personal Kipchoge anecdotes. He also talks about his 15 years of experience testing the previous world record holder in the women’s marathon, Paula Radcliffe, and estimates what time she could run for a marathon if she had run under the conditions that Eliud Kipchoge had. A really fascinating discussion. Twitter: @Inside_exercise @AndyBeetroot @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Marty Gibala from McMaster University in Canada about the physiological effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with continuous submaximal exercise training. Comparisons between the effects of HIIT and sprint interval training (SIT) are also discussed. The immense interest in HIIT was initiated by a ground breaking study that Marty conducted in 2005 comparing HIIT to submaximal exercise training. He has since been at the forefront of the area. The discussion focussed on HIIT vs SIT vs continuous submaximal exercise in regards to aerobic capacity, exercise performance, cardiovascular function, weight loss, insulin sensitivity and adherence to training. Sex differences in response to exercise training were also discussed. It was apparent from the discussion that although a lot is known in the area there is still much to learn. Twitter: @inside_exercise @gibalam @GlennMcConell1
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Michael Riddell from York University in Canada who is the number 1 exercise and type 1 diabetes (T1D) researcher in the world. Michael has T1D as does his son which has greatly motivated him in his research. We discuss a lot of aspects of T1D and exercise including what is T1D, the effect of T1D on exercise metabolism and on health, the beneficial effects of exercise in people with T1D, the importance of continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps, and how some people with T1D are increasingly developing characteristics of type 2 diabetes. Twitter: @inside_exercise, @MCRiddell1, @GlennMcConell1.
Glenn McConell chats with Professor Bret Goodpaster from Advent Health in Florida, USA on exercise and aging. Bret has undertaken ground breaking work on the factors contributing to insulin resistance and aging and the role of exercise to overcome insulin resistance and slow aging. We discuss these aspects with a focus on skeletal muscle. Bret points out that physiological reserve can become critically low with age and that exercise builds a buffer so that activities of everyday living can be continued well into old age. Twitter: @inside_exercise, @GlennMcConell1.
Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Andrew Coggan who is a very highly regarded exercise metabolism researcher and also THE guru of using power with cycling exercise training. After a brief chat about his background and cycling prowess and the use of cycling power, we focus on his research on nitrate and whether nitrate supplementation via beetroot ingestion improves strength and exercise performance. Twitter: @inside_exercise, @AndrewCoggan1, @GlennMcConell1.