History Snapshots: Recent Episodes
HistorySnapshots
History Snapshots: Where we take a look at some of the important, fascinating or just downright odd parts of human history.
For Halloween we're taking a look at Vlad Tepes, also known as Vlad Dracula, Vlad Draculea, and Vlad the Impaler. He's famous for being the possible inspiration for Dracula, but what was his life actually like?
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
The Terrifying True Story of Vlad The Impaler - History's Real Dracula by All That's Interesting: https://allthatsinteresting.com/vlad-the-impaler
Vlad the Impaler, ruler of Walachia by Richard Pallardy: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vlad-the-Impaler
Vlad the Impaler - The ruthless ruler of Wallachia: https://rolandia.eu/en/blog/history-of-romania/vlad-the-impaler-the-ruthless-ruler-of-wallachia
The Real Dracula: Vlad the Impaler: https://www.livescience.com/40843-real-dracula-vlad-the-impaler.html
Walachia by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Walachia
Family loyalty and deceit within the clan of Dracula by James Waterson: https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/family-loyalty-and-deceit-within-the-clan-of-dracula/
The Real Dracula: 10 Facts About Vlad the Impaler by Léoni Chao-Fong: https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-vlad-the-impaler/
This Day in History: June 17th- Vlad the Impaler and Mehmed II by Kathy Padden: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/06/this-day-in-history-june-17th-vlad-the-impaler-and-mehmed-ii/
25 Facts About Vlad Tepes the Impaler by Thomas Swan: https://owlcation.com/humanities/25-Facts-about-Vlad-Tepes-the-Impaler
The Real History That Inspired Dracula by Elizabeth Lundin: https://historythings.com/real-history-inspired-dracula/
Where Does the Word "Dracula" Come From?: https://www.dictionary.com/e/dracula-fish/
Six Reasons Why the Ottoman Empire Fell by Patrick J. Kiger: https://www.history.com/news/ottoman-empire-fall
Gallipoli by The Editors of Enyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Gallipoli-Turkey
Byzantine Empire by Donald MacGillivray Nicol: https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire
Vlad III the Impaler: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Vlad_III_the_Impaler
John Hunyadi: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/John_Hunyadi
Death of Vlad the Impaler by Philippa Gregory: https://www.philippagregory.com/news/death-of-vlad-the-impaler
Sighisoara Citadel the only inhabited medieval fortress in Europe: https://rolandia.eu/en/blog/unesco-sites/sighisoara-citadel-the-only-inhabited-medieval-fortress-in-europe
Peonari Castle Vlad the Impaler's impenetrable fortress: https://rolandia.eu/en/blog/places/poenari-castle-vlad-the-impaler-s-impenetrable-fortress
Bran Castle Official Site: http://www.bran-castle.com/
A brief 45 minute overview of one of the defining conflicts of the Middle Ages.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
Hundred Years' War by History.com Editors: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/hundred-years-war
Hundred Years' War by Mark Cartwright: https://www.worldhistory.org/Hundred_Years'_War/
The Hundred Years' War: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory/chapter/the-hundred-years-war/
The Hundred Years War by Maurice Keen: https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml
Hundred Year's War (1337-1453): http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/100years.htm
The Hundred Years War by Clifford J. Rogers: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0059.xml
Hundred Years's War by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Hundred-Years-War
Edward III (1312 - 1377): https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/edward_iii_king.shtml
Isabella of France by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-of-France
Eleanor of Aquitaine by History.com Editors: https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/eleanor-of-aquitaine
Charles V by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-V-king-of-France
The Treaty of Bretigny, 1360 by John Le Patourel: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3678772?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A02704ce726898917e8b54df2fe750ffb&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Charles VI by The Editors of Encylopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VI-king-of-France
Edward III by Thomas Frederic Tout: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-III-king-of-England#ref244573
Henry IV by The Editors of Enyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-England
The Ecclesia Anglicana goes to War: Prayers, Propaganda, and Conquest during the Reign of Edward I of england, 1272-1307 by David S. Bachrach: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4054365?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Richard II by Nigel Saul: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-II-king-of-England#ref38887
Edward III by Thomas Frederick Tout: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-III-king-of-England
The French King Who Believed He Was Made of Glass by Amelia Soth: https://daily.jstor.org/french-king-who-believed-made-glass/
St. Joan of Arc by Malcolm G.A. Vale: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc
Aragon by Vincente Rodriguez: https://www.britannica.com/place/Aragon-region-Spain
Agincourt was a battle like no other... but how do the French remember it? by Robert McCrum: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/26/agincourt-600th-anniversary-how-french-remember-it
The Battle of Agincourt: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/agincourt/
Battle of Agincourt: https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-agincourt/
The Battle of Agincourt: https://royalarmouries.org/stories/warfare/the-battle-of-agincourt-2/
5 Crucial Battles of the Hundred Years War by Sarah Roller: https://www.historyhit.com/crucial-battles-of-the-100-years-war/
Battle of Castillon by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Castillon
Hundred Years' War: Battle of Castillon by Kennedy Hickman: https://www.thoughtco.com/hundred-years-war-battle-of-castillon-2360751
Battle of Castillon: https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-battles-wars/battle-of-castillon/
The Battle of Castillon, 1453: The end of the Hundred Years War by A.H. Burne: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/battle-castillon-1453-end-hundred-years-war
Battle of Castillon, (1453) by Weapons and Warfare: https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2020/05/11/battle-of-castillon-1453/
English Forces Lose the Last Battle of the 100 Years' War: https://historyonthisday.com/events/hundred-years-war/battle-of-castillon/
This week we're taking a look at Gregor MacGregor a distinguished military officer, and scam artist with no qualms about putting many lives at risk for his financial gain.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
The conman who pulled off history's most audacious scam by Maria Konnikova: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160127-the-conman-who-pulled-off-historys-most-audacious-scam
The Fraud of the Prince of Poyais on the London Stock Exchange by Bryan Taylor: https://globalfinancialdata.com/the-fraud-of-the-prince-of-poyais-on-london-stock-exchange
The Untold Truth About Poyais: A Dead Land Sold as a Mystical Paradise by Lioness Rue: https://medium.com/lessons-from-history/the-untold-truth-about-poyais-a-dead-land-sold-as-a-mystical-paradise-bf6719715229
Gregor MacGregor, Prince of Poyais by Jessica Brain: https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Gregor-MacGregor-Prince-Of-Poyais/
Gregor MacGregor, the Prince of Poyais by Victor Allan: https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/gregor-macgregor-prince-poyais
The Con Man Who Invented His Own Country by Evan Andrews: https://www.history.com/news/the-con-man-who-invented-his-own-country
Meet Gregor MacGregor, The Scottish Con Artist Who Convinced Britain He Was the Prince Of A Nonexistent Colony by Jeffrey Wang: https://allthatsinteresting.com/gregor-macgregor
Gregor MacGregor by Undiscovered Scotland: https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/mac/gregormacgregor.html
The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders): https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/black-watch-royal-highlanders
5 Fast Facts About the East India Company by Brian Duignan: https://www.britannica.com/story/5-fast-facts-about-the-east-india-company
Francisco de Miranda by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-de-Miranda
Simon Bolivar by Gerhard Straussmann Masur: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simon-Bolivar
Edward Bowater: https://morethannelson.com/officer/edward-bowater/
How the East India Company became the world's most powerful business by Erin Blakemore: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/british-east-india-trading-company-most-powerful-business
This week we're taking a look at a riot with a very weird cause: Fashion.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Contact:
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
The Straw Hat Riot of 1922: The Harsh Version of No White After Labor Day by Noelle Talmon: https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/straw-hat-riot/
The Straw Hat Riot of 1922: https://www.buniquemillinery.com/pages/the-straw-hat-riot-of-1922
The 1922 Straw Hat Riot Was One of the Weirdest Crime Sprees in American History by Justin Peters: https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/04/straw-hat-riot-remembering-one-of-the-weirdest-crime-sprees-in-american-history.html
The Straw Hat Riots of 1922: The bad kind of New York fashion week by Greg Young: https://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2020/03/the-straw-hat-riots-of-1922-the-bad-kind-of-new-york-fashion-week.html
The Straw Hat Riots of 1922 by Mark Mancini: https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/61755/straw-hat-riots-1922
A fashion faux pas turned violent in NYC's Straw Hat Riot by Mike Vago: https://www.avclub.com/a-fashion-faux-pas-turned-violent-in-nyc-s-straw-hat-ri-1844916606
The Bloody Consequences of Wearing a Straw Hat After Summer by Emma Fraser: https://www.racked.com/2017/8/18/16113864/straw-hat-riots-summer-style-etiquette
"Straw Hat Smashing Orgy Bares Heads from Battery to Bronx", New York Tribune, Saturday September 16th, 1922: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1922-09-16/ed-1/seq-3/
History of Straw hats & Felt hats - Straw dress hats: https://www.hathistory.org/dress/#:~:text=The%20humble%20sublimity%20of%20the,for%20both%20men%20and%20women.
The Mulberry Bend Manhattan, New York by Luke J Spencer: https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-mulberry-bend-new-york-new-york
Mulberry Bend: New York's Original Back Alley by Infamous New York: https://infamousnewyork.com/2017/03/19/mulberry-street-bend-new-yorks-original-back-alley/
This week we're going to follow the life of Ching Shih from her humble beginnings all the way through her life as one of the most successful pirates in history.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Contact:
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
One Woman's Rise to Power: Cheng I's Wife and the Pirates by Dian Murray: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41298765
Cheng I Sao, Female Pirate Extraordinaire by Ellen C. Caldwell: https://daily.jstor.org/cheng-i-sao-female-pirate/
Ching Shih - From Poverty to Pirate: https://www.theministryofhistory.co.uk/historical-biographies/ching-shih
Pirate Profile: Cheng I Sao: https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2020-06-20/pirate-profile-cheng-i-sao
Ching Shih: From Prostitute to The Greatest Pirate Leader by Adriane Kong: https://www.chinosity.com/2021/03/23/ching-shih-from-prostitute-to-the-greatest-pirate-leader/
How a Prostitute Turned Pirate Queen Defeated 3 Navies at Once by Logan Nye and We Are the Mighty: https://explorethearchive.com/prostitute-turned-pirate-queen-defeated-3-navies-at-once
Zheng Yi Sao by Tanner Price: http://www.cindyvallar.com/ZhengYiSao.html
The Story of Ching Shih, Prostitute Turned Lord of the Pirates by Krissy Howard: https://allthatsinteresting.com/ching-shih
Ching Shih - Madame Ching and Her Crew's Exploits: http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/ching-shih/
Ching Shih - From Prostitute to Infamous Female Pirate by M.R. Reese: https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/ching-shih-prostitute-pirate-lord-002582
Ching Shih Pirate Biography and Facts: http://www.annebonnypirate.com/famous-female-pirates/ching-shih/
The Chinese Female Pirate who Commanded 80,000 Outlaws by Urvija Banerji: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-chinese-female-pirate-who-commanded-80000-outlaws
Portugal Maritime Heritage Project: https://maritimeheritage.org/ports/portugal.html
The First Tet Offensive of 1789: https://www.historynet.com/the-first-tet-offensive-of-1789.htm
Neolithic Saltern found on North Yorkshire hilltop is oldest in Britain: https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/local-news/neolithic-saltern-found-north-yorkshire-20295571
Comparative Wages, Prices and Cost of Living by Carrol D. Wright: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044050806330&view=1up&seq=5&q1=hhd
Pao Measurement: https://www.sizes.com/units/pao.htm
Pirate Money: http://pirates.hegewisch.net/money.html
This week we're going to take a look at a key moment in Ancient Greece's history, the Battle of Marathon during the Greco-Persian War.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Contact:
Email: historysnapshotspod@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/HistorySnapsPod
Sources:
The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550-330 B.C.): https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acha/hd_acha.htm
Ionia by Cristian Violatti: https://www.worldhistory.org/ionia/
The Ionian Revolt by Logan Nielsen: https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/ionian-revolt
The Trireme in Ancient Warfare by William Mclaughlin: https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/trireme-ancient-warfare.html
9 Battles that Defined the Achaemenid Empire by Edd Hodsdon: https://www.thecollector.com/battles-achaemenid-empire/
Achaemenid Empire by Peter Davidson: https://www.worldhistory.org/Achaemenid_Empire/
Battle of Marathon by History.Com Editors: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/battle-of-marathon
History in 3 acts: a brief introduction to Ancient Greece [excerpt] by Robin Waterfield: https://blog.oup.com/2018/03/brief-history-ancient-greece/
Why is a marathon 26.2 miles? by Elizabeth Nix: https://www.history.com/news/why-is-a-marathon-26-2-miles
The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC: http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/marathon.htm
Why are Marathons 26.2 Miles Long? By Dan Peterson: https://www.livescience.com/11011-marathons-26-2-miles-long.html
Battle of Marathon by Mark Cartwright: https://www.worldhistory.org/marathon/
Battle of Marathon: Major Cause & Historical Importance: https://www.worldhistoryedu.com/battle-of-marathon-major-cause-historical-importance/
The Battle of Marathon: The Greco-Persian Wars Advance on Athens: https://historycooperative.org/the-battle-of-marathon/
Marathon (490 BCE): https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/marathon-490-bce/
Ancient Persian Warfare: https://www.worldhistory.org/Persian_Warfare/
The Hoplite Battle Experience: https://sites.psu.edu/thehopliteexperience/the-spear-and-sword/
10 Prominent and Incredible Weapons Used by Ancient Greeks by Anirudh: https://learnodo-newtonic.com/ancient-greek-weapons
Battle of Marathon by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Marathon
Anatolia by John Frederic Haldon: https://www.britannica.com/place/Anatolia
Miletus by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Miletus
Aristagoras by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristagoras
Pythagoras by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pythagoras
Greco-Persian Wars by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Greco-Persian-Wars
Attica by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Attica-ancient-district-Greece
Miltiades the Younger by Piero Treves: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miltiades-the-Younger
Silk Road by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Silk-Road-trade-route
This week we take a look at a year of utter chaos during the early years of the Roman Empire. The year 69 CE where 4 men vied for the position of Emperor after Nero's death.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Sources:
The Lives of the Twelve Emperors by C. Suetonius Tranquillus -
Alexander Thomson, M.D. Translation: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6400/6400-h/6400-h.htm
J.C. Rolfe Translation: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/home.html
Year of the Four Emperors: A Complete Overview by Marian Vermueulen: https://www.thecollector.com/year-of-the-four-emperors-overview/
The Roman Empire In the First Century Galba et Al: https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/galba.html
Cassius Dio: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html
Legionary Eagle and Army Standards: https://www.kalkriese-varusschlacht.de/en/the-varus-battle/the-romans/the-roman-army/legionary-eagle-and-army-standards/
Decimation: https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/decimation/
Tarraco: https://www.livius.org/articles/place/tarraco-tarragona/
Golden House of an Emperor by Federico Gurgone: https://www.archaeology.org/issues/187-1509/features/3562-golden-house-of-an-emperor
Was Nero Responsible For the Great Fire of Rome?: https://www.history.co.uk/article/was-nero-responsible-for-the-great-fire-of-rome
The Great Fire of Rome: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/great-fire-rome-background/1446/
Nero's Rome Burns: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/neros-rome-burns#:~:text=The%20great%20fire%20of%20Rome,the%20fiddle%20while%20it%20burned.
Emperor Nero: Facts & Biography by Owen Jarus: https://www.livescience.com/40277-emperor-nero-facts.html
Roman Republic by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Roman-Republic
Augustus by Michael Grant: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Augustus-Roman-emperor
Galba by E. Badian: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galba
Gaius Julius Vindex by he Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaius-Julius-Vindex
Suetonius by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suetonius
Fabula Atellana by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/art/fabula-Atellana
Otho by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otho
Judaea by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Judaea
First Jewish Revolt by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Jewish-Revolt
This week we take a look at one of the oddest sporting events I've ever heard of. A time when performance enhancing drugs were allowed, and the whole thing was almost lethal.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Sources:
The Olympic Games, 1904 by Charles J.P. Lucas: https://www.loc.gov/item/06003479/
Olympedia: http://www.olympedia.org
The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever by Karen Abbott: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-1904-olympic-marathon-may-have-been-the-strangest-ever-14910747/
Story of South Africa's first black Olympians keeps us guessing by Sean Otoole: https://mg.co.za/article/2016-07-07-00-story-of-south-africas-first-black-olympians-keeps-us-guessing/
Early 20th Century Entertainment Comes to Virginia In a Most Unusual Way by Callie Freed: https://uncommonwealth.virginiamemory.com/blog/2018/10/24/boer-war-spectacle/
Running a marathon was never crazier or harder than during the 1904 St Louis Olympics by Jake Sturmer and Rebecca Armitage: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-26/the-wildest-olympic-event-in-modern-history/12467362
This week we're going to take a look at one of the important but lesser known pirates of the Golden Age of Piracy, Benjamin Hornigold.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Sources:
Scourge of the Seas: Buccaneers, Pirates and Privateers by Angus Konstam
Pirates: Predators of the Seas by Angus Konstam with Roger MIchael Kean
Benjamin Hornigold: The Pirates' Pirate by Cindy Vallar: http://www.cindyvallar.com/hornigold.html
"The Strongest Man Carries the Day", Life in new Providence, 1716-1717 by David Fictum: https://csphistorical.com/2015/07/26/the-strongest-man-carries-the-day-life-in-new-providence-1716-1717/
Famouse Pirate: Benjamin Hornigold: http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/benjamin-hornigold/
Did You Know Blackbeard's Mentor Was a Pirate Hunter? by Courtney Page: https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2018-03-08/did-you-know-blackbeards-mentor-was-pirate-hunter
Benjamin Hornigold (1680-1719): https://historyofpiracy.weebly.com/benjamin-hornigold.html
Benjamin Hornigold: https://goldenageofpiracy.org/pirates/flying-gang/benjamin-hornigold.php
Post Spanish Succession Period: https://goldenageofpiracy.org/history/post-spanish-succession-period.php
Flying Gang: https://goldenageofpiracy.org/pirates/flying-gang.php
War of the Spanish Succession by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-the-Spanish-Succession
The Firsts of Blackbeard: Exploring Edward Thatch's Early Days as a Pirate by David Fictum: https://csphistorical.com/2015/10/18/the-firsts-of-blackbeard-exploring-edward-thatchs-early-days-as-a-pirate/
Charles II King of Spain by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-king-of-Spain
The Golden Age of Piracy The War of Spanish Succession: https://goldenageofpiracy.tumblr.com/1war#:~:text=A%20privateer%20was%20a%20sailor,to%20stay%20on%20the%20islands.
War of Spanish Succession by James A. Ogilvy: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/war-of-the-spanish-succession#:~:text=It%20also%20upset%20the%20Holy,%2C%20Bavaria%2C%20Portugal%20and%20Savoy.
Pirate Den: New Providence: http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/regions-and-places/new-providence/
Port Royal Jamaica by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Port-Royal-Jamaica
The Golden Age of Piracy: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/golden-age-piracy
The Periauger: http://beaufortartist.blogspot.com/2007/10/periauger.html#:~:text=Periauger%20is%20a%20generic%20term,and%20rivers%20of%20North%20Carolina%20.
On the importance of names, part two. What's the difference between a boat and a ship? by Rose Eveleth: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/on-the-importance-of-names-part-two-whats-the-difference-between-a-boat-and-a-ship/#:~:text=%22Among%20sailing%20vessels%2C%20the%20distinction,a%20boat%20is%20anything%20else.%22
Hurricane sinks Spanish treasure ships: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hurricane-sinks-spanish-treasure-ships
A Concise History of the 1715 Spanish Plate Fleet by John de Bry: https://1715fleetsociety.com/history/
Unrated Naval Vessels: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/unrated-naval-vessels-17th-19th-centuries
Famous Pirate: Paulsgrave Williams: http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/paulsgrave-williams/
Olivier Levasseur aka La Buse: http://www.pirates-privateers.com/olivier-levasseur-la-buse.htm
Blackbeard: History of the Dreaded Pirate: https://www.qaronline.org/history/blackbeard-history-dreaded-pirate
The Last Days of Blackbeard by Colin Woodard: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/last-days-blackbeard-180949440/
Famouse Pirate: Charles Vane: http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/charles-vane/
Animal astronauts helped paved the way for humanity to reach for the star. In this episode we're going to take a look at some of those furry explorers from 1947 to 1961.
Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez
Sources:
A Brief History of Animals in Space: https://history.nasa.gov/animals.html
Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974 by Asif A. Sadiqqi: https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf
60 years ago: The First Animal in Orbit: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-the-first-animal-in-orbit
Sputnik 5: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1960-011A
Biography of Wernher Von Braun: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/vonbraun/bio.html
The Sad, Sad Story of Laika, the Space Dog, and her One-Way Trip into Orbit by Alice George: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/sad-story-laika-space-dog-and-her-one-way-trip-orbit-1-180968728/
Mercury Primate Capsule and Ham the Astrochimp: https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/mercury-primate-capsule-and-ham-astrochimp
What Was the First Animal Sent into Space?: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/what-was-first-animal-space
Wernher Von Braun President's National Medal of Science Details: https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.jsp?recip_id=374
Remembering Laika, Space Dog and Soviet Hero by Alex Wellerstein: https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/remembering-laika-space-dog-and-soviet-hero
Project MIA (Mouse-in-Able) Experiments on Physiological Response to Spaceflight by F.L. Van Der Wal and W.D. Young: https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/8.4879
Monkeys in Space: A Brief Space Flight History by Mike Wall: https://www.space.com/19505-space-monkeys-chimps-history.html
RIP, Laika: Pioneering Space Dog Launched 60 Years Ago Today by Mike Wall: https://www.space.com/38660-laika-space-dog-launch-60th-anniversary.html
Laika Declassified by Anatoly Zak: https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/laika-declassified-180967077/
The Astrochimps by John T. Correll: https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0911astrochimps/
How Historians are Reckoning With the Former Nazi Who Launched America's Space Program by Alejandro de la Garza: https://time.com/5627637/nasa-nazi-von-braun/
Fact check: Nazi scientists were brought to work for U.S. through Operation Paperclip by Miriam Fauzia: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/09/16/fact-check-nazi-scientists-brought-u-s-operation-paperclip/5690870002/
Ivan Ivanovich: Test Flight Mannequin: https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race/online/sec300/sec312.htm
What Was the Space Race? by Adam Mann: https://www.space.com/space-race.html
Military Orgins of the Space Race: https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race/online/sec200/sec200.htm
Laika by Robert Lewis: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laika
V-2 Rocket by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/technology/V-2-missile
Sergei Korolev by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergei-Korolev
Wernher Von Braun by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wernher-von-Braun