The INSPIRING STEM Podcast: Recent Episodes
Hosted by Martin Delahunty
Scientific and academic scholarly publishing is a dynamic and rapidly changing ecosystem with data and knowledge at its centre. The fundamental change is in adopting open science, the practice of freely sharing scientific knowledge in a way that allows others to collaborate and build upon that knowledge to accelerate research applications. The INSPIRING STEM Podcast will interview key opinion leaders and organisations working to advance, and quite often, to disrupt the status quo. (Photo: Photo by Jonathan Velasquez on Unsplash)
The guest for this episode of the Inspiring STEM Podcast is James Butcher who has spent the past 20 years working at two of the most influential scientific publishers, first as Executive Editor at The Lancet and then as the leader of the Nature journals.
James now works as a strategy consultant with Clarke & Esposito, advising clients on editorial and publishing strategy and providing insight into how European funder mandates and other regulations are affecting their organizations and the global STM marketplace.
He is also the founder of the wonderful Journalology Newsletter which helps editors and publishing professionals keep up to date with scholarly publishing, and guides them on how to build influential scholarly journals.
James shares his insights on the current state of scholarly publishing and the challenges it faces in the era of open access and AI-powered tools.
The guests for this episode of the Inspiring STEM Podcast, are Kamran Robert Kardan, Founder and CEO at Knowledge E and Knowledge E’s Head of Publishing, Dr Emily Choynowski.
Kamran founded Knowledge E in 2012, with the aim of providing unique, professional and high-quality services to the information professionals in the Middle Eastern region and beyond. Kamran also plays a major active role in the Knowledge E Foundation, a community interest corporation focusing on supporting education and research-based projects across the globe, with a focus on developing nations.
Emily is Head of Research Development and Dissemination at Knowledge E and Director of Operations for the Forum for Open Research in MENA.
Our conversation covers various topics such as the sustainability of open science, open access, and publishing business models, the challenges of developing open science in the MENA region, and the need for a globally accepted lexicon in Arabic for open science.
They also talk about Zendy, a platform that aims to tackle the affordability, discoverability, and accessibility of scholarly literature, and the various AI-powered tools integrated into the platform to make a real difference to the product.
The interview concludes with a discussion about the Knowledge E Foundation and the Forum for Open research in MENA, and how they support the movement towards sustainable open science policies and practices in the region. Emily and Kamran emphasize the need for more support from the community, including policymakers and corporate sponsors, to make the program more unique and beneficial to everyone.
This INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode features Dan Pollock, a consultant specialising in digital publishing strategy and product innovation for companies primarily in STM and Legal publishing.
Over a 25-year career, Dan has held executive leadership and strategic advisory roles in managing products, operations and change, in organisations ranging from dot-coms to complex corporates.
Dan is also Chief Digital Officer with Delta Think and is principal architect of their Open Access Data & Analytics Tool. This tool supports market intelligence and strategy projects related to Open Access.
In our conversation, Dan discusses the use of persistent identifiers and metadata in scholarly publishing, the growth of open access publishing, and the challenges of maintaining research integrity in a rapidly changing landscape.
He also touches on the need for publishers to adapt to changing technology and data management practices.
Overall, Dan remains optimistic about the future of scholarly publishing, but acknowledges the need for continued work to address issues of research integrity and data management.
The guest for this episode is Professor Elanor Huntington, Executive Director for Digital, National Facilities & Collections at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - CSIRO, Australia's national science agency.
We discuss the challenges of attracting a diverse cohort to take up STEM careers, and the need to focus on lateral career moves and life moves, as well as early interventions.
The recommendation is that the focus should not only be on filling the pipeline with new STEM talent, but also on finding ways to get back those who have already left the field. There are reviews already underway, and many people with ideas, but that the Australian government needs to carefully consider which interventions will have the greatest impact.
We also touch on the role of science communication and Australia's open science policies in advancing scientific research and the need for systemic interventions to address societal challenges such as climate change and the aging population. CSIRO Publishing is already committed to open access publishing and aims to make its content as widely available as possible.
CSIRO's 'missions' program is given as an example of a quantifiable, impactful approach to addressing these challenges.
Overall, this conversation highlights the challenges and opportunities facing STEM and science communication in Australia, and the need for systemic interventions to address these challenges.
The guest for episode 24 of the INSPIRING STEM PODCAST is David Ross,
a publishing consultant with over 30 years’ experience in academic research and educational sectors. Up until last year, he was Vice President, Open Research at Sage Publications for nearly 10 years and has also worked with Kluwer Academic, Arnold Publications and Chapman & Hall.
David specializes in open science publishing and the transition to more open modes of research communication and was a Founding Board Member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association.
We discuss the progress of open access publishing over the last 10 to 15 years, noting that while it has been a slow start, there has been a rapid acceleration in the last five years. We consider the challenges of funding non-funded research, and the impact of transformative agreements on the publishing industry.
Our conversation provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the scholarly publishing industry, and highlights the need for continued discussion and collaboration to bring about meaningful change.
The guest for this episode of the INSPIRING STEM PODCAST is Adam Hyde, founder and principal architect of the Collaborative Knowledge Foundation - Coko and is responsible for oversight of all operations.
Coko’s motto is “We Build, You Publish”. The organisation exists to benefit the publishing community by building modern, open-source tools that enable the publishing of critical knowledge better, faster, cheaper.
Adam brings publishing and technical leadership as well as pioneering insights into publishing workflows and technologies. He is also technical advisor for the OA Switchboard project, holds a seat on the Electronic Information for Libraries (EIFL) Management Board, and co-founder of the Coalition for Open Access Publishing Infrastructure in Africa project.
In our conversation we discuss:
- open-source code, its principles and use in academic publishing
- Coko's approach to collaborating and working with partners
- the importance of collaborative working
- ChatGPT AI's revolutionising of publishing
- experience of working with publishers such as eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd., Hindawi Publishing and University of California Press
- how non-publisher stakeholders are now working with Coko, such as Digital Science and Amnet ContentSource
- what to expect from COKO over the next few months
The guest for this episode of the INSPIRING STEM PODCAST is Milly Formby, an amazing zoologist, science illustrator, microlight pilot and bird nerd. Milly combines her skills to create stories that empower others to become strong voices for nature.
We chat about her amazing Wing Threads project, her childhood inspirations to become a zoologist and science communications.
Originally from Gippsland in Victoria, Australia, Milly currently works for Bird Life Australia as a Project Officer for their Migratory Shorebird Program in Newcastle, NSW.
Milly is currently flying 20,000 km around the coast of mainland Australia in a crowdfunded project called Wing Threads. She plans on stopping at 70 schools and libraries along the way to educate young Australians about shorebirds and their role in the planet's ecosystem.
Join Milly as she flies around Australia to share how amazing and awesome migratory shorebirds are to promote stewardship of Australia's wetlands with primary students in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway through STEM, the creative arts and adventure.
🤳Stay connected with Wing Threads!
Facebook
Instagram
📖 Buy a copy of A Shorebird Flying Adventure
💰 Support Wing Threads or sponsor a flight leg
Wing Threads: Flight Around Oz is a not-for-profit, fully self-funded science communication initiative that will contribute to objectives in BirdLife Australia's Migratory Shorebird Conservation Action Plan. Every donation helps to spread the shorebird word!
The guest for this episode of the Inspiring STEM Podcast is Professor Mark Hutchinson.
Mark is the Director of the Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics in Adelaide. The Centre is a AU$50M Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence that brings together researchers from around the world to create light-based sensing technologies to create 'windows into the body'. These advances will enable scientific breakthroughs and advance the health outcomes of tomorrow.
Under his leadership, the centre has translated fundamental science discoveries from the lab bench into economic value in the boardroom, forging 30 industry partnerships and creating 15 start-ups and spinoffs.
Mark is also President of Science and Technology Australia, the peak body representing more than 90,000 scientists and technologists and serving as an influential voice for evidence and expertise in public policy.
We discuss a range of topics including the hands and minds connection in and around experimental science and his work with the world leaders of Professors Linda Watkins and Steve Mayer at the University of Colorado Boulder. Mark explains just what 'nanoscale biophotonics' is and, how fundamental science discovery at the lab bench can be taken through to the boardroom, generating venture capital investment and to then actually deploy applications and create new jobs.
The INSPIRING STEM Podcast guest for this episode is Kylie Walker, Chief Executive Officer for the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering, where she works with expert Fellows to lead crucial national conversations and strategies towards a thriving, healthy and connected Australia, supported by technology.
Kylie is also a visiting Fellow at the Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science. She was Chair of the Australian National Commission for UNESCO and in 2019, she was named as one of the 100 Women of Influence listed by the Australian Financial Review, for her work on improving equity, diversity, and inclusion in STEM.
She also led the establishment of the Superstars of STEM program, championing Australian women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
We talk about global priorities, equity in STEM, Australian innovation, Traditional Knowledge and more.
Inspiring STEM’s podcast program has highlighted innovations in scientific publishing and science communications. We have interviewed key opinion leaders and organisations working to advance, and quite often, to disrupt the status quo.
However, in today's academic publishing world, the pressure to deliver success can be overwhelming (and costly). Often the response is to come up with a new, untested strategy but this does not come without risk. The risk of delivering the wrong thing, the risk of it not being accepted or being subsumed by competing demands, the risk of delays or overspend to delivering it; to name but a few.
Therefore, in this week's episode we wanted to step back and get an expert business consulting perspective from someone who has spent over 20 years delivering strategic change for the corporate and non-corporate worlds,
Our guest is Faris Aranki, CEO at Shiageto Consulting which helps businesses reduce risks by making sure that the right strategy is followed, with the right effectiveness and the right focus; Shiageto calls this "sharpening your Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ) & Focus Quotient (FQ)".
The guest for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode is Joy Owango, a Higher Education Specialist and Socio-Entrepreneur based in Nairobi, Kenya.
Joy is Founding Director at the Training Centre in Communication (TCC-Africa) and which has four offices, two in Kenya, and one each in Nigeria and South Africa.
Joy is also on the board of AfricArxiv- free preprint service for African scientists. Joy has a history of working in professional training and research capacity, with experience in government and donor relations, research analytics, management, data analysis, and business strategy. Her mission to democratize higher education through access to high-impact open data.
We discuss her background in science communications and how the original objectives of the TCC evolved. We explore the major issues for Africa with the current scholarly publishing system and what is needed to address these.
We finish with a call to action for new partner organisations to support TCC in the spirit of 'Ubuntu', togetherness and working together towards a common goal for the benefit of humanity.
The guest for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode is Andrew Preston, an economist and physicist by training, who worked as a researcher and consulted as a software engineer before co-founding Publons. He recently co-founded Cassyni an innovative new online tool which aims to help academics run and keep track of research seminars worldwide.
We discuss his background in academic research and his journey from New Zealand to London that led to designing software tools to alleviate pain points in scientific researcher workflows.
The guest for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode is Romy Beard, a publishing consultant with 17 years’ experience and specialising in publisher relations and content licensing on behalf of publishers, aggregators, libraries and consortia, and technology companies.
She is currently working on a long-term project with open access management platform ChronosHub, and recently completed a project with Jisc on the new UK Research and Innovation open access policyand spent 7 years as Licensing Programme Manager for EIFL, a charity working with libraries and consortia in developing and transition economy countries.
We discuss some of the challenges to libraries, publishers and authors in navigating the new open science workflows, policies and practices.
You can hear more from Romy and ChronosHub if you are attending the UKSG 45th Annual Conference or the Society for Scholarly Publishing 44th Annual Meeting.
The guest for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode is Toby Green, Managing Director for Coherent Digital.
Formerly, Chief Operating Officer at the OECD, Toby has spent 35 years in scholarly publishing working with commercial, society, IGO and NGO organizations on all types of content (which he prefers to call “stuff”)—books, journals, data, grey literature, A&I services, and encyclopedias—always with an eye on the reader experience and building audience.
We discuss how to create collections of critical research and learning materials, contextualize and provide tools and supporting materials for learning applications. The focus is on content that is currently uncatalogued, undiscoverable, uncitable, prone to link rot, and likely to disappear.
Listen to the podcast and access supporting information here.
The guest for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode, is Dr Alex Freeman. Alex is the Executive Director of the Winton Centre for Risk and Evidence Communication, a role she took up in 2016. She previously spent 16 years working for the BBC, primarily as a producer and director for BBC Science.
In 2019, Alex was one of the winners of the Royal Society's ‘The Pitch’ competition hosted as the conference titled ‘Research culture: Changing expectations'. Alex’s pitch was for Octopus Science – a radical new approach to scientific publishing which subsequently received funding and will be launched this summer.
In August 2021, the UK Government's science minister, Amanda Solloway, announced that Octopus Publishing, in collaboration with Jisc, will receive £650,000 over three years from Research England’s emerging priorities fund. Octopus aims to formally launch in June 2022.
This week's INSPIRING STEM PODCAST welcomes as our guest is Dr Johanna Havemann, Trainer & Consultant in Open Science Communication.
In 2018, Jo founded AfricArxiv which is a community-led digital archive for African research communication. It provides a non-profit platform to upload working papers, preprints, accepted manuscripts (post-prints), presentations, and data sets via partner platforms.
AfricArxiv is dedicated to foster research and collaboration among African scientists, enhance the visibility of African research output and to increase collaboration globally.
With a background in Evolution and Developmental Biology, Jo's work experience covers NGOs, a science start-up and international institutions including the UN Environment Programme.
With a focus on digital tools for science and her label “Access 2 Perspectives”, Jo aims at strengthening global science communication in general and, with a regional focus on Africa, through Open Science.
The guests for this week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST are Kamran Robert KardanFounder and CEO at Knowledge E and Knowledge E’s Head of Publishing, Emily Choynowski.
Kamran founded Knowledge E in 2012, with the aim of providing unique, professional and high-quality services to information professionals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions and beyond.
The conversation explores how the MENA region can develop and promote open access and open science as well as plans for International Open Access Week with the launch of ‘Forum for Open Research for MENA’.
We explore Zendyand its role as an online platform created to facilitate more affordable and equitable access to academic literature and Knowledge E's recent signing of the UN SDG Publishers’ Compact.
At a recent Research to Reader Conference, a panel including Haseeb Irfanullah, a visiting fellow at the Center for Sustainable Development, explored strategies to diversify scholarly research authorship. This is in the context of ongoing calls for social change have drawn attention to the need in scholarly publishing for greater equity, diversity, and inclusion, including for peer review, editorial practices, and business models.
To help explore these issues, this week's INSPIRING STEM PODCAST welcomes as our guest Jamie Carmichael, Senior Director for Information and Content Solutions at the Copyright Clearance Center.
Jamie brings nearly 20 years of publishing experience to her current role, where she is responsible for the strategic direction of CCC’s flagship Open Access platform, RightsLink for Scientific Communications, and heads go-to-market efforts for new products and services across the scholarly publishing ecosystem.
In her 10 years with CCC, she’s held leadership positions across CCC’s publisher portfolio of rights licensing, content delivery, software, and professional services offerings, leading teams of product managers and product marketers to solve unmet market needs at the intersection of customer collaboration and technology advancements.
Our conversation explores the understanding that open without equity is neither. We discuss also how CCC is collaborating to increase transparency and efficiencies in scholarly communications and an update following the 2019 Future of Science Leadership Summit hosted by CCC and Outsell.
Last year, Cambridge University Press (CUP) announced the launch of a new concept in journals publishing – Research Directions. It’s stated that the approach would "speed discovery by fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing between subject communities" as well as provide "opportunities to publish research from areas not well served by traditional, discipline-specific journals".
Our guest for this week's INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode is Mónica Moniz, Publisher with CUP. Monica started at the Press in 2015 and ever since has been involved in the launch of four new STM open access journals and managed a number of life science journals.
Monica now programme manages the launch of Research Directions and what promises to be a new innovative series of open access, STM journals. The aim is to better reflect the research lifecycle and invite different voices to shape which questions researchers should be answering. (Monica can be contacted at monica.moniz@cambridge.org or at researchdirections@cambridge.org).
Having previously been a researcher in Marine Biology, Monica is keen to experiment with new publishing models and tools and work with research communities to launch new journals that work for them.
This week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST episode has as its guest, Euan Adie who is CEO at Overton.io. Euan has a background in bioinformatics and a wide range of expertise in research impact measurements including alternative publication metrics and social media engagement.
Overton is a London based company that tracks and indexes the research, ideas and influences behind governmental policies worldwide. Overton works with global policy organisations including various United Nations agencies and European Union think tanks. A recentLSE Blog article describes more of Overton's work.
Before Overton, Euan founded and ran Altmetric, the company that tracks the attention given to scholarly works online. Altmetric was acquired by Digital Science in 2015.
We explore the challenges in determining policy impact that is not typically direct and has fewer associated publications compared with research outputs. We consider also, how traditional publishers can best support what are essentially, intergovernmental deliberations seen through a science-policy interface.
With thanks to our sponsor
INSPIRING STEM CONSULTING
In this week’s episode, I am chatting with Markus MacGill a science writer and Editor with Green Ink.
Green Ink provides expert communications support to major organisations around the world and specialises in projects relating to the increasingly important areas of environment, climate change, public health, science and international development.
Markus has an PGCert (with distinction) from the MSc programme in Science Communication and Public Engagement at the University of Edinburgh and a CertHE in Biomedical Science from Anglia Ruskin University. He has over 20 years’ experience as a writer, reporter, editor and photographer and, a strong track record in science writing and editing, particularly in the fields of health and medicine. His experience spans the full range from explanations for lay audiences to technical documents for highly scientific readers.
We discuss the role of science writer in supporting these areas, how open science has the potential of making the scientific process more transparent, inclusive and democratic. Markus shares many examples of his science communications work but one which demonstrates the importance of open science enabling societal benefit is the following PLOS Medicine article describing a gender-based violence and recovery centre at Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya. And we finish on some great advice for science researchers who want to better communicate their work and success.
In this week’s episode, I am chatting with Adam Hyde the Founder of the Collaborative Knowledge Foundation – COKO.
Over the past 15 years Adam has been on a mission to transform publishing and knowledge production through innovation in workflows, development of technology, and facilitation. He has designed facilitation methodologies such as Workflow Sprints, The Cabbage Tree Method and Book Sprints and led the development of open source software for publishing such as PubSweet, Editoria, Kotahi, PagedJS, Wax, BookType and many more.
Adam is a Shuttleworth Fellow and has helped many organisations and companies transform the way they produce and publish knowledge. These include Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Caltech, the Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium, Cisco, World Bank, eLife, ArXiv, Hindawi, Californian Digital Library, the United Nations Development Project and many others.
This week’s INSPIRING STEM PODCAST guest is Kylie Ahern.
Kylie is a Sydney-based, award-winning STEM publisher and a highly skilled strategist. As CEO of the content and engagement agency, STEM Matters, she is in the business of transforming how the STEM sector engages with the audiences to increase awareness, influence and funding.
In 2005 she co-founded COSMOS Magazine and was CEO for the first ten years building it to be Australia’s top selling science magazine. In 2013, she was appointed by Nature Publishing to build its strategy and establish its team in Australia and New Zealand.
Her new publication, The Brilliant, profiles global leaders in science communication and engagement.
Open science can be best defined as the practice of science across all disciplines such that others can collaborate and contribute, and where research data and processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction. This includes includes peer-reviewed publications, data repositories, workflow and collaboration tools. Open science is driven and governed by science policies and mandates.
Pharmaceutical companies, which fund approximately half of all biomedical research, are now leaders in the publication and disclosure of research. However, access to much company-funded research is still restricted by journal paywalls. Therefore, with open science continuing to rise in prominence and adoption by science funders and researchers, how can pharmaceutical companies play their part?
This episode was part of a podcast series funded by Pfizer to celebrate 2021 International Open Access Week. The series interviewed experts working within clinical and medical disciplines who shared their perspectives on the impact and benefit of open science for patients and key stakeholders.
My guest for today’s podcast is Dr Joana Osório, Communications Consultant for a global collaboration called Open Pharma. Open Pharma aims to improve the pharma publications model by connecting pharma with innovations in publishing to increase transparency and access to research outputs.
Consistently, during the current global pandemic, Open Science collaboration has contributed to the rapid translation of clinical and scientific knowledge into successful treatments. Despite this fact, many stakeholders still hesitate to construct policies and practices to support the adoption and implementation of Open Science. Therefore, concerns remain about inequities in the global information system and access to its benefits.
This episode was part of a podcast series funded by Pfizer to celebrate 2021 International Open Access Week. The series interviewed experts working within clinical and medical disciplines who shared their perspectives on the impact and benefit of open science for patients and key stakeholders.
Today's podcast guest is Dr Akhil Bansal who is a medical doctor and a former associate medical writer at Oxford PharmaGenesis. He is a policy and research analyst at Charity Entrepreneurship, a social VC that incubates and strategies for NGOs working in global health and health policy. Most work is in low-income countries, where access to scientific and health information is problematic and work is focused on incubating NGOs that seek to promote open development and access to science, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
It is now over 30 years since Tim Berners Lee and CERN launched the World Wide Web to meet the demand for open information-sharing between scientists around the world.
Our current definition of Open Science emphasizes collaboration and transparency for research and research-related publications and data. Making science truly “open” will see information about discoveries become freely available, under terms that enable re-use, redistribution and reproduction.
So, with Open Science continuing to rise in prominence and adoption by science funders and researchers, can we demonstrate the real-world impact?
This episode was part of a podcast series funded by Pfizer to celebrate 2021 International Open Access Week. The series interviewed experts working within clinical and medical disciplines who shared their perspectives on the impact and benefit of open science for patients and key stakeholders.
Today's podcast's guest is Dr Lonni Besançon, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow and Computer Science Engineer with Monash University, joins me as my guest for the conversation today.
Open Science is a term that extends beyond just open access publishing to include a wide range of activities from basic biological research to clinical research, that makes it easier for scientists and clinicians to share and access knowledge, resources, tools, and data.
The premise of Open Science is that research will progress faster if data and knowledge are openly shared with proper data safety measures and ethical frameworks and that has been the case during the current global pandemic.
But despite significant progress, Open Science principles and practices still need to be more formally embedded within clinical research institutions and organisations.
This episode was part of a podcast series funded by Pfizer to celebrate 2021 International Open Access Week. The series interviewed experts working within clinical and medical disciplines who shared their perspectives on the impact and benefit of open science for patients and key stakeholders.
Today's podcast's guest is Dr Guy Rouleau, Director at The Neuro, McGill’s Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, and the co-Founder of the Tanenbaum Open Science Institute.
In 2020, Dr Rouleau was recognised with Canada’s highest civilian honour, the Order of Canada, for his outstanding contributions as a clinician-scientist and as a leader in health care. He also received the Gairdner award for his work on Open Science.
Open Science can be best defined as the practice of freely sharing clinical and scientific knowledge such that others can collaborate and build upon that knowledge to accelerate research applications. Within this Open Science ecosystem, clinical data sharing, and data transparency continue to advance. Many national and international organisations such as the National Institutes of Health and the UK’s Medical Research Council, are adopting open data policies. But barriers remain.
This episode was part of a podcast series funded by Pfizer to celebrate 2021 International Open Access Week. The series interviewed experts working within clinical and medical disciplines who shared their perspectives on the impact and benefit of open science for patients and key stakeholders.
This podcast's guest is Dr Joseph Ross, Professor of Medicine and of Public Health at the Yale-New Haven Hospital. Dr Ross co-directs the Yale-Mayo Clinic Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation, the Yale Open Data Access (YODA) Project, the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency at Yale Law School and leads efforts at Yale-New Haven Health System in collaboration with the National Evaluation System for health Technology. Dr Ross is also currently the U.S. Outreach and Research Editor at BMJ.
Disclosure: Inspiring STEM Consulting Limited received funding from Pfizer. None of the podcast participants received funding or were contracted to speak. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/