Indian History with Dr. Veenus: Recent Episodes
Dr. Veenus Jain
The objective of this podcast channel is to make history interesting for all. Through this channel I will be uploading podcasts on various topics from Indian history, Indian values, Indian culture heritage and science. Through these podcasts you can explore various dimensions of unparalleled continuity of Indian history its wisdom, values and culture that enable India to survive for so long. You can share your feedback via voice notes/messages or mail me on the topics you will like to hear the podcast on. Wish you a happy journey through glorious facts of Indian history.
Happy learning !
This video discusses the various schools of history in detail.
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This video explains the concept of Hundi System prevalent in Medieval India. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video explain the concept of Dastur-ul-Amal introduced by Jahangir in Mughal period. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the concept of jagir prevalent in the Mughal Empire. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video explains the concept of Nayankar System prevalent in Medieval India. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video explains the concept of Chauth prevalent in Medieval India. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video explains the concept of Maharashtra dharma prevalent in Medieval India. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses the types of taxes prevalent in medieval India. This video is specially created for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video explains the concept of land grants in medieval India. History Class: Mail us at Veenus.jain2607@gmail.com or message us on 8454931380.
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This video discusses the concept of Sulh-i-Kul introduced by Akbar under the Mughals.
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This video elaborates on the iqta system prevalent in medieval India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses the position of women in ancient and early medieval India.
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This video discusses the various kinds of administrative systems of India. This video is specially curated for students preparing for competitive exams. This series covers in details the major terms and concepts of UGC NET History exam.
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This episode discuuses the concept of Turkan-i-Chahalgani.
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This video discusses in detail the history & evolution of Indian Paintings. It elaborates on the phases of ancient, medieval and modern paintings highlighting the development of regional schools.
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This video elaborates on the celebrated artist of modern India, Raja Ravi Varma.
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This video discusses the history of modern Indian paintings in India.
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This video discusses the miniature paintings of south India.
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This video gives insight on the ganjifa cards which is a medieval period card game.
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This video elaborates on the Pahari School of Paintings.
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This video elaborates on the Rajasthani School of Paintings. This video is specially curated for students preparing for UGC NET exam.
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This video explains the difference between Rajasthani & Mughal Schools of paintings. This video is specially curated for students preparing for UGC NET exam.
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This video discusses the history of Miniature paintings in India.
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This video discusses the various mural paintings of India.
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This video introduces the history of Indian Paintings, elaborating on the Pre-Historic Paintings of India, analyzing the Bhimbetka Rock Paintings.
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This video is a complete guide to Kautilya, it discusses his book Arthashastra along with his concepts of Dandaniti and Saptanga Theory. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competative exams.
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This video discusses the National Emblem of India.
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This video discusses the ancient Indian scripts of the subcontinent. This video is specially designed for student preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses about the Ancient Port of India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competative exams.
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This video discusses the ancient Indian scripts of Brahmi and Kharosthi. This video is specially for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses Megasthenes’s Indica in details elaborating on this ancient Greek literary source on India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses Kautilya’s Arthashastra in details elaborating on this ancient Indian literary source. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the systematic administrative system built under the Mauryan empire. This video is specifically designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the causes of decline of Indus Valley Civilization. Specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the Iron Age (2nd Urbanisation of India). It is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the history of Satavahana Dynasty of Ancient India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History exam.
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This video elaborates on the sources of Satavahana Dynasty of Ancient India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History exam.
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This video elaborates on the historical chronology of rulers, notable contributions and achievements, administrations and causes of decline of the Kanva dynasty of Ancient India. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History exam.
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This video elaborates on the sources of Kanva dynasty of Ancient India, specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History exams.
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This video elaborates the historical chronology of rulers, notable achievements, contributions, administration, decline and legacy of Sunga Dynasty.
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This video elaborates on the sources of Sunga Dynasty in great detail.
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This video elaborates on the Ashokan Edicts of Mauryan Empire.
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This video elaborates on the celebrated Navratnas of Chandragupta Vikramaditya of Gupta Empire.
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This video elaborates on the historiographical perspectives and contributions made by eminent historians.
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This video elaborates on the history, sources and notable rulers of Kashmir dynasty.
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This video elaborates on the background of Gurjara-Pratiharas Dynasty.
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This video explores the notable rulers of Kashmir dynasty of North India.
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This video discusses in detail the sources on the basis of which the history of Kashmir dynasty is reconstructed.
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This video discusses the historical outline of Yashovarman of Kannauj.
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This video discusses in detailed the political situation after the end of Harshvadhana’s reign.
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This video elaborates on the modern Indian historiography during colonial and post-colonial period.
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This video elaborates on the medieval Indian historiography during the Mughals.
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This video elaborates on the medieval Indian historiography during the Delhi sultanate.
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This video elaborates on the prominent historians who contributed to the repository of Greco-Roman Historiography.
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This video elaborates on the Greco-Roman Tradition of History Writing.
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This videos elaborates on the types of marine or underwater archaeology treatment methods.
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This video discusses the life, work and achievements of eminent historian M.G. Ranade.
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This video discusses in detail in the Macedonian Invasion of India, highlighting its chronology, history & impact over Indian subcontinent. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History Exam.
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This video highlights the Persian invasion of India, elaborating on the subsequent impact they left on the subcontinent in Ancient period. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History.
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This video elaborates on the rise & development of Magadha Empire, highlighting its three prominent dynasties i.e. Haryanka Dyansty, Shishunaga Dynasty & Nanda Dynasty. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History.
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This video discusses in detail the many contributions Buddhism have had on Indian Culture. It highlights the varied impacts which have been absorbed in the Indian cultural fabric & have transformed the society & culture altogether. This video is specially designed for students preparing for UGC NET History.
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This video discusses in detail the many contributions Jainism have had on Indian Culture. It highlights the varied impacts which have been absorbed in the Indian cultural fabric & have transformed the society & culture altogether.
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This video discusses in detail the causes of decline of Buddhism in India which was the country of its origin. This video is specially curated for students preparing for UGC NET History.
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This video elaborates on the life & achievements of James Mill.
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This video elaborates on the life, achievements & contributions of historian Leopold Von Ranke in the field of Historiography.
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This video elaborates on the Annales School of History writing, highlighting its origin, development & contribution in the field of History & Historiography.
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This video elaborates on the Upavedas which are a part of the repository of Vedic literature. This video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video discusses the life & achievements of historian, D.D. Kosambi highlighting his contributions in Indian History & Historiography.
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This video elaborates on the life and achievements of Historian, James Prinsep. Drop your suggestions & queries in the comment box.
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This video discusses the differences between Classical Dances & Folk Dances. Drop your suggestion & queries in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Historicism, which is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying their history, that is, by studying the process by which they came about.
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This video discusses the Chalcolithic age of ancient India, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the neolithic age of ancient India, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the mesolithic age of ancient India, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the paleolithic age of ancient India, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the difference between pre-history & proto history, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the various dating methods in archaeology, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Drop your queries and suggestions in the comment box.
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This video discusses the various dating methods in archaeology, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the types of excavation in archaeology, it is specially designed for student preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates the difference between exploration & excavation, it is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exam.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Stridhana prevalent in ancient India, it is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. You’re your queries & suggestion in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concepts of kara & vishti under Gupta taxation, specially designed for students preparing for competitive exam. Drop your queries & suggestions in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Shreni or Guild in Ancient India, it is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the Bodhisattvas in Buddhism highlighting the meaning and complete list of Bodhisattvas.
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This video elaborates on the Bodhisattvas in Buddhism highlighting the meaning and complete list of Bodhisattvas.
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This video elaborates on the 24 Tirthankaras in Jainism highlighting the meaning and complete list of Jain Tirthankaras.
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This video elaborates on the difference between Bodhisattvas & Tirthankaras, it is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Nagara, Dravida & Vesara, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes and post their queries in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Stupa & Chaitya, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes and post their queries in the comment box.
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This video elaborates Kautilya’s Saptanga Theory, which discusses the seven elements of state, this video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams, Students are advised to take notes and post their enquires in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept of Dandaniti prescribed in ancient Indian literature, this video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Students are advised to take notes and post their enquires in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept of doctrine of karma prescribed in ancient Indian literature, this video is specially designed for students preparing for competitive exams. Students are advised to take notes and post their enquires in the comment box.
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This video elaborates on the concept and types of yajnas prescribed in ancient Indian literature, specially designed for student preparing for competitive exams. Students are advised to take notes and post their enquires in the comment box.
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The video elaborates on the ancient Indian concept of Samskaras, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes.
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This video elaborates the ancient Indian concept of Rina, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes.
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This video elaborates the ancient Indian concept of Four Prurusharthas, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes.
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Niyoga was an ancient Hindu practice. According to the Agni Purana, it referred to a system or custom that permitted either the husband or the wife who had no child by their spouse to procreate a child with another man or a woman. It became extinct after the Vedic period. The video elaborated on this ancient Indian practice, students preparing for competitive exams are advised to take notes.
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This video elaborates on the Medieval History of India, from the advent of Ghazi till the end of Mughals. Furthermore, it also includes the architecture & religious traditions of the period.
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This video elaborates on the history of Ancient India, from Pre-history till the end of Guptas. It also includes the main religious traditions of the period.
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The Mughal empire was one of the longest-reigning dynasties in India before the colonisation of India by the British. The Mughal empire had conquered most of Northern India from the 16th century to the mid of 18th century.
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Muhi al-Din Muhammad, commonly known as Aurangzeb and by his regnal title Alamgir, was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling from July 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his emperorship, the Mughals reached their greatest extent with their territory spanning nearly the entirety of South Asia.
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Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I, was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mughals reached the peak of their architectural achievements and cultural glory.
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Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim, known by his imperial name Jahangir, was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627. He was named after the Indian sufi saint, Salim Chishti.
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Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, popularly known as Akbar the Great, and also as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.
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Sher Shah Suri , born Farīd Khān , was the founder of the Sur Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He introduced the currency of rupee. An ethnic Pashtun ruler, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540 CE.
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Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad, better known by his regnal name, Humayun, was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, and Bangladesh from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.
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Babur, born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani.
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The word “Yoga” from its etymological sense is derived from the Sanskrit word “Yuj” which means “to join”, “to yoke” and “to unite”. Everything that we know about yoga to date is all due to the works of Maharishi Patanjali.
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The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
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Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
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Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest religion with roughly 2.3 billion followers representing one-third of the global population.
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This episode traces the history of world famous diamond, Koh-I-Noor (The Mountain of Light). This episode will elaborate on the journey of the diamond from the ancient texts to the colonial times.
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This episode discusses the concept of Bharatvarsha, it is part of the UGC NET series, wherein we'll cover all major terms and concepts for people preparing for the exam.
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Navratnas of Akbar were a group of nine intellectual people from various backgrounds who beautified the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar.
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The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swathes of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh as well as some parts of southern Nepal.
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जानिए क्यों मनाते है दिवाली (In Hindi)
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The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451. Founded by Khizr Khan, a former governor of Multan, they succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty. The Lodhi Dynasty was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
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Timur was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who established the Timurid Empire in modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the Timurid dynasty's first ruler. Timur invaded northern India in 1398, attacking the Delhi Sultanate, which was ruled by the Tughlaq dynasty's Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq. He sacked Tulamba and massacred its inhabitants after crossing the Indus River on September 30, 1398. Then he advanced further and by October, had captured Multan.
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This episode talks about the significance of Diwali in different religions in India.
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The Tughlaq dynasty also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Indo-Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The dynasty ended in 1413.
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The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty which ruled the Delhi sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320. Founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji as the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India, it came to power through a revolution that marked the transfer of power from the monopoly of Turkic nobles to Afghans. Its rule is known for conquests into present day South India and successfully fending off the repeated Mongol invasions of India.
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The Mamluk dynasty or Slave dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia, founded the Mamluk dynasty in Northern India. The Mamluk dynasty governed the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 until 1290. Qutb al-Din Aibak served as a Ghurid dynasty governor from 1192 to 1206. During this time, he led incursions into the Gangetic plain and gained control over some of the new territories.
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With the Arab conquest of Sind in 712 AD, the arrival of the Islamic rulers to the western frontiers of India had started. By 12th century AD, the throne of Delhi had been occupied by an Islamic ruler, which marked the onset of the medieval period of Indian history. In the subsequent years, Indian architecture underwent a massive change and flourished till its dawn.
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The Mughals were great patrons of art and architecture. Under them, architecture regained its place of importance, as new buildings were built with great vision and artistic inspiration. This episode covers the development of architecture during Mughals.
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Architecture was a combination of Arabic and Indian styles that took a new direction in the Delhi Sultanate period. It witnesses the evolution and development of Indo-Islamic Architecture by synthesising geometrical shapes, calligraphy, inscriptional art etc. This Indo-Islamic architecture manifested the aesthetic heritage of the new sultans that includes both religious and secular structures.
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This video is compilation of the Turkish Invasions of India highlighting the history of Mahmud of Ghazni & Muhammad of Ghori.
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Muhammad Ghori (1173-1206 CE) was the Muslim ruler who laid the foundation for the subsequent Islamic ruling dynasties of India which saw its pinnacle later in the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). He ruled a vast area comprising parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, Bangladesh, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan together with his elder brother Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad (1139-1202 CE), which widely came to be known as the Ghurid or Ghorid Empire.
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The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic, military, and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization. Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE.
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The Arabs were the first Muslims to invade India. But their conquests in India were confined to Sind and Multan. It was left to the Turks to complete the work begun by the Arabs. The Turks, however did not invade solely with the object of spreading Islam in India. They wanted to loot India as well.
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The period of the Gupta rule is one of the brightest in the history of India, characterized by all round peace, prosperity and intellectual development. Hence, this age has been fittingly described as ‘the Golden Age of Hindu Rule’
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The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Golden Age of India by historians.
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A flourishing civilization emerged on the banks of the river Indus in the second half of the third millennium BCE and spread across large parts of North-Western and Western India. This is what is known as Harappan Civilisation or Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC). It is among the earliest and finest examples of urban civic planning.
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Sikhism is the world’s fifth-largest religion with more than 25 million Sikhs worldwide. The Sikh Gurus, known as spiritual guides or teachers, established the religion. Guru Nanak was the first Guru and was born in the 15th Century in the Punjab region of India. Sikhs believe in the Oneness of all beings and the equality of everyone. Guru Nanak taught that one must honour God by honouring others and the Earth, God’s creation.
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Puppetry is one of the ancient forms of entertainment. Several regional genres make puppetry one of the richest heritage of India. Puppetry show includes pictorial story depiction using puppets, live music, gestures & narration. Puppetry has been of interest both for entertainment and educational purpose. Moreover, it has been of philosophical importance in the Indian culture.
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The crafts of India are diverse, rich in history, culture & religion. Himachal Pradesh is known as Dev Bhumi in India. Among arts & crafts that come out of Himachal Pradesh, is known for its: Embroidery, Weaving, Jewellery & Paintings.
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The Maurya Empire, or the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive ancient Indian Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha, having been founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, and existing in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE.
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India, the land of diverse cultures and ethnicities, is known for its wide variety of martial arts that have developed since the ancient times. Earlier used for warfare, these art forms are today usually used for demonstration, as a part of a ritual, achieving physical fitness or as a means of self-defence.
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This episode elaborates on the message behind celebrating Janamashtami.
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Jainism is traditionally known as Jain Dharma which is an ancient Indian religion. Followers of Jainism are called “Jains”. Jains trace their spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviours and teachers known as tirthankaras. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology. The main religious premises of Jainism are ahiṃsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (celibacy or chastity), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness). Jainism has two major ancient sub-traditions Digambaras and Svetambaras.
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This episode gives a detailed account on the folk dances of India.
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India disintegrated into multiple autonomous republics throughout the sixth century BC. The sixteen significant and strong kingdoms as a result developed.The era from the start of the 6th century BC to the emergence of Magadha is referred to as the "Sixteen Mahajanapada Age." This episode elaborates on these Sixteen Mahajanapadas in detail.
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Sources can be both written documents and artefacts – and both types can inform us about the past. The source can be an old biography or an old historical record as well. The Sources are to help us get as close as possible to the event.
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India has been one of the Earliest issuers of coins in the world and has been known for its sheer diversity in terms of Minting Techniques, Motifs, Sizes, Shapes, & the Metals Used. Coins are an important source of history, as they Suggest Important Historical Processes.
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Distinct styles of dance have evolved in different regions of India, each with their own specific nuances. However, all these dance forms are governed by the basic rules and guidelines laid down in the Natya Shastra. Presently, as per Sangeet Natak Akademi, there exists eight classical dance forms in India, which include Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathak and Sattriya. Whereas, the Ministry of Culture has recognised 9 classical dance forms including Chauu dance.
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History is a sequence of events of past. These events are categorised as a bunch of Causes and Effects. It is the condition Necessary & Sufficient for bringing about change in the given event. Moreover, it talks about the relationship of cause and effect between events. It is an act or process that produces an effect.
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Cartography or mapmaking is the study and practice of making maps. In simpler terms means the art of drawing maps or charts.
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The Bhakti movement was a major Hindu religious revival movement during medieval India that sought to bring reforms to all strata of society by preaching the practice of devotion to achieve salvation. Originating in Tamil Nadu, it gained prominence through the poems and teachings of the Vaishnava Alvars & Shaiva Nayanars before spreading northwards. It swept through east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th centuries CE.
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This episode gives a detailed account on the awards and honours bestowed by Government of India.
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India was known throughout the world for its education system and universities during ancient times.
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A Mudra is a symbolic or ritual gesture or pose in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. While some mudras involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers. A Buddha image can have one of several common mudras, combined with different asanas. The main mudras used represent specific moments in the life of Gautama Buddha, and are shorthand depictions of these.
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In this episode Dr Sunil Mehra highlights the impact of lifestyle on health and how our present society and culture is disease oriented.
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This episode elaborates on the difference between Flag Hoisting & Flag Unfurling in hindi. #Differencebetweenflaghoistingandflagunfurling #ध्वजारोहण_और_झंडा_लहराने_का_अंतर #स्वतंत्रता_दिवस
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This video describes the legends about Rakshabandhan.
Rakshabandhan
WhyDoWeCelebrateRakshabandhan
StoryOfRakshabandhan
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This video discusses the meaning of geographical indication in Indian context.
Script Courtesy: Indian Art & Culture By Nitin Singhania
GeographicalIndications
nitinsinghania
IndianArt&Culture
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This video explains the meaning, types and ways in which Teej is celebrated in India and abroad.
#तीजक्योंमनातेहैं #HairiyaliTeej #KajariTeel #तीज
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India’s Urban Civilization, traceable to Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, where Planned Urban Townships existed 5000 years ago. The survey of Indus Valley Civilization clearly provides an account of how advanced and organized the civilization was.
0:50- People
1:00- Food
1:23- Dress & Ornaments
2:30- Toys & Amusements
3:02- Household Articles
3:46- Weights & Measures
4:09- Domesticated Animals
4:21- Medicines
4:35- Weapons of War
4:48- Seals
5:23- Trade & Commerce
5:42- Art, Craft & Sculpture
6:49- Burial Rites
7:11- Religion
8:15- Destruction of Indus Valley Civilization
#indusvalleycivilization #nitinSinghania #IndianArt&Culture #IndianHistory
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Delhi, has been the centre of succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, thereby being the longest serving capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world.
1:27- Qila Rai Pithora/Lalkot
2:18- Siri
2:54- Tughlaqabad
3:11- Jahanpanah
3:40- Firozabad
4:24- Shergarh/ Dilli Sher-Shahi
4:49- Shahjahanabad
Script Courtesy: Indian Art & Culture By Nitin Singhania
#HistoryofDelhi #nitinsinghania
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Hampi is a cluster of historical monuments dating back to the Vijayanagara Empire of the 14th century, Karnataka, India. Due to consistent human and environmental interaction, this historical site has been subject to consistent depletion, moreover, the intensity and speed of decay requires technological intervention. And this is where, at the confluence of damage and renewal lies Artificial intelligence.
#Hampi, #VijayanagarEmpire, #Karnataka, #India, #ArtificialIntelligence, #HistoricalSite, #Preservation, #UNESCO, #WorldHeritageSite, #Restoration, #IndianDigitalHeritageProject.
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The video deals with How to pursue History and what are the subjects in the discipline and further talks about career options, future prospects of History students. with so many fields and areas of employment.However, compared to engineering or business majors, your initial job search will be more difficult, especially if you do not have a teaching certificate or don't want to be a teacher.
ScopeInHISTORY
JobsInHistory
#CareersInHistory
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‘History of man’s cultural progression is basically a history of his technological progress’. The term prehistory was coined by Daniel Wilson and has been used ever since to refer to the period of human history before the invention of writing. it is the longest period of the human past. This period is also called the stone age, as stone was the chief material used by early man for his survival. the stone age has been divided into the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic followed by Bronze and Iron Age Period. Palaeolithic or the Old Stone Age is the longest phase of prehistory . Paleolithic Age is further categorised into 3 parts- Lower Paleolithic Period, Middle Paleolithic Period and Upper Paleolithic Period. The Mesolithic stage also known as Middle Stone Age (9,000 – 4,000 BC) coincides with the beginning of Holocene Era around 10,000 BP. It witnessed a change in climate from cold to warm and wet, growth in formation of rivers resulted in growth of forests and vegetations. Evidence for the north Indian Neolithic cultures comes mainly from the Kashmir valley and is represented by a large number of sites above the flood plains of River Jhelum. The two principal sites of the area are Burzahom and Gufkral, northeast and southeast of Srinagar respectively. • Chalcolithic Culture (4,000- 13,000 BC) - This period is marked by locally available copper which indicated the existence of sedentism. Copper smelting was also found to be practiced here during the period. 00:15 - Stone Age
00:35 - Palaeolithic & Old Stone Age
01:21 - Lower Palaeolithic Period
04:12 - Middle Palaeolithic Period
05:00 - Upper Palaeolithic Period
05:55 - Mesolithic Period - Middle Stone Age
08:40 - Neolithic Age - New Stone Age
12:33 - Chalcolithic Period
#PreHistory #Palaeolithic&OldStoneAge #MesolithicPeriodMiddleStoneAge #NeolithicAgeNewStoneAge #ChalcolithicPeriod
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Dating back to the first century, Indian culture started making its way into the region of Southeast Asia. Kingdoms in the southeast coast of the Indian Subcontinent had established trade, cultural and political relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms in Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Cambodia and Champa. This led to Indianization and Sanskritisation of Southeast Asia. Indian Literatures like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchatantra, Jataka stories among others were very popular among the people of South East Asia. Modifications were also made in them according to their cultures and traditions. Ramayana Ramayana is one of the greatest literary works on India. There are several versions of Ramayana in South East Asia which differ from each other according to their cultures.
00:24 - Reamker- The Ramayana version of Cambodia
01:38 - Kakawin Ramayana- The Ramayana version of Indonesia,
02:46 - Phra Lak Phra Lam- The Ramayana version of Laos,
03:59 - Hikayat Seri Rama- The Ramayana version of Malaysia ,
05:15 - Yama Zatdaw- The Ramayana version of Burmese,
05:54 - Maharadia Lawana- The Ramayana version of Philippines,
06:44 - Ramakien-The Ramayana version of Thailand ,
#RamayanaInSoutheastAsia #IndianLiteratureInSoutheastAsia
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This speech was delivered as a part of guest lecture series on the topic - Women : Struggle,Survival & Success
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Ajanta caves, dating back to the period from 2 century BCE to 480 CE, are a fine example of Ancient Indian Art. Due to consistent human and environmental interaction, this historical site has been subject to consistent depletion, moreover, the intensity and speed of decay requires technological intervention. And this is where, at the confluence of damage and renewal lies Artificial intelligence.
#AjantaCaves, #ArtificialIntelligence, #Aurangabad, #Maharashtra, #India, #Historical Site, #Preservation, #UNESCO, #WorldHeritageSite, #SapioAnalytics, #Buddhism, #Restoration.
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Sati” originally meant a woman who performed the act of immolating herself after her husband’s death. The word is derived from the Sanskrit word “asti’, which means “She is pure or true”. In mythological terms, Sati was the name of the wife of Lord Shiva. According to ancient Hindu customs, sati symbolised closure to a marriage.
SatiMeaningOrigin&History, #Sati, #Pativrata, #Sativrata, #Satimata, #HinduCustom, #Widows, #SatiStones, #MehrangarhFort, #Rajasthan, #India, #RoopKanwar, #SatiPreventionBill, #VedicAge
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Cotton Candy (बुढ़िया के बाल): The Complete Process
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Jauhar was a Rajput practice of mass self-immolation by women, or otherwise execution by their husbands, fathers or brothers, in India, to avoid capture, enslavement and rape by an invading Islamic army, when facing certain defeat during a war. Some reports of jauhar mention women committing self-immolation along with their children. This practice was historically observed in northwest regions of India, with most famous jauhars in recorded history occurring during wars between Hindu Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan and the opposing Muslim armies.
#Jauhar, #Necrophilia, #Rajasthan, #Chittor, #India, #RajputKingdoms, #Bhogdasis, #Shaka, #Afghanistan, #Egypt, #Morocco, #RaniPadmini, #RawalRatanSingh, #AlauddinKhilji, #RaniKarnavati, #BahadurShah, #Akbar.
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What is Valentine's Day ?
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Pilgrimage in the traditional sense is an inner journey manifest in exterior space in which the immanent and the transcendent together form a complex phenomenon. Hinduism, has a strong and ancient tradition of pilgrimage, known as tirtha-yātrā (‘tour of the sacred fords’), which formerly connoted pilgrimage involving holy baths in water bodies as a symbolic purification ritual. Faith is central to the desires, vows and acts associated with pilgrimage, and pilgrimage is a process whereby people attempt to understand the cosmos around them.
The most popular of all forms of tourism in India is the pilgrimage to a sacred place; known as devotional or religious tourism. Devotional/ Religious tourism allows the devotee to understand the cultural heritage while searching for a harmonious relationship between man and the sacred place.
1:11 - Vaishno Devi Temple
1:58 -Tirumala Venkasteshwara Temple
2:40 - Amarnath Temple
3:20 - Shirdi Sai Baba Temple
3:46 - Sun Temple
4:30 - Somnath Temple
5:03 - Mathura
5:32 - Vrindavan
6:02 - Haridwar
6:41 - Shree Siddhivinayak Temple
FamousTemples&ReligiousPlacesofIndia #ReligiousTourism,#VaishnoDeviTemple,#TirumalaVenkateshwaraTemple,#AmarnathTemple,#ShirdiSaiBabaTemple,#SunTemple,#SomnathTemple,#Mathura,#Vrindavan,#Haridwar,#ShreeSiddhivinayakTemple,#ReligionsinIndia
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This simplistic Zen tale conveys a strong message about the importance of living in the present moment. How much do we cart around old wounds and resentments when the only one we are really hurting is ourselves?
We often have occasions in our lives where other people say or do things to us that are distasteful. We may continue to focus on past actions or events, but doing so will inevitably weigh us down and drain our energy.
The truth remains that we cannot alter the past, no matter how much we dwell on those feelings. It makes no difference how many times we try to rewind and edit the mental tape! We, like the junior monk, are always bearing the emotional baggage of events from the past. The truth is that the past cannot be modified!
Moving on is often complicated by our proclivity to cling to the baggage of past events. And it causes us agony and sorrow. We can effectively alleviate this pain by letting go of emotional baggage from the past and focusing on the present moment.
Alternatively, we may choose to let go of what no longer fits us and focus on the present moment. We will never be happy until we can find a degree of peace and satisfaction in our current situations, since ‘now' is everything we will ever have.
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Acharya Charak has been crowned as the Father of Medicine. His work Charak Samhita is an encyclopedia of Ayurveda. Charaka who was a practitioner of the traditional system of Indian medicine known as Ayurveda had the royal patronage of King Kanishka. Charaka’s contribution to the fields of physiology, etiology and embryology have been recognised. Charaka studied the anatomy of the human body and various organs.
Charaka is generally considered as the first physician to present the concept of digestion, metabolism, and immunity. According to him a body functions because it contains three dosha or principles, namely movement (vata), transformation (pitta) and lubrication & stability (kapha). These doshas are produced when dhatus (blood, flesh and marrow) act upon the food eaten. For the same quantity of food eaten, one body, however, produces dosha in an amount different from another body. That is why one body is different from another. Charak believes that the basic building block of the human body is the cell. Our bodies are made up of countless cells. These cells are composed of 5 fundamental elements- earth, water, fire ,Air and Space similarly other objects of our universe are also made up of the same elements hence proper selection of food and natural medicine help restore the required deficiency in the human body . Through his genius and intuition Acharya Charak has made a landmark contribution to Ayurveda.
#Charak #FatherofMedicine #CharakaSamhita #BiographyofMaharishi Charaka #TeachersofIndiaAcharyaCharaka #PranacharyaCharak #Charaka Samhita - An Ancient Medical Guide by the First Ayurvedic Physician
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During the 6th century BCE , Maharishi Shusurata a legendry scholar of the Indian medical science and founding father of surgery ,wrote one of the world's earliest works on medicine and surgery. Sushruta lived in the ancient city of Kashi, now known as Varanasi or Banaras. 2600 Yrs ago Maharishi Shushruta together with his colleagues had conducted the variety of complex surgeries such as caesareans, artificial limbs, cataract, urinary stones, fractures, and most specially the plastic surgery. In a famous book Shalya Tantra Shushruta described about all the surgical procedures. Shalya Tantra was later named as the Sushruta Samhita. Sushruta was well known about the urinary stones, varieties of stones, signs symptoms, method of removal, operational complications as well as the anatomy of urinary bladder. He had described all the basic principles of plastic surgery by offering a suitable physiotherapy before operation. Sushruta's treatise provides the first written record of a forehead flap rhinoplasty, a technique still used today to reconstruct a nose. He used a flap of skin from the forehead, called a pedicle, to form a new nose. One of the oldest palm-leaf manuscripts of Sushruta Samhita has been discovered in Nepal. It is preserved at the Kaiser Library, Nepal as manuscript KL–699, with its digital copy archived by Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (NGMCP C 80/7).[6] The partially damaged manuscript consists of 152 folios, written on both sides, with 6 to 8 lines in transitional Gupta script. The manuscript has been verifiably dated to have been completed by the scribe on Sunday, April 13, 878 CE (Manadeva Samvat 301). The Sushruta Samhita was composed after Charaka Samhita, and except for some topics and their emphasis, both discuss many similar subjects.The Sushruta and Charaka texts differ in one major aspect, with Sushruta Samhita providing the foundation of surgery, while Charaka Samhita being primarily a foundation of medicine.
#Shusurata #Fatherofsurgery #SushrutaSamhita #AncientIndianScientist #BiographyofMaharishiShushruta, #Sushruta'scontributioninMedical Science #MedicineandSurgeryinancientindia
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‘Ayurveda’ is generally understood as ‘Science of life’ translating ‘Ayuh (r)’as life and ‘Veda’ as science. Ayurveda is an ancient system of life and also the oldest surviving medical system in the world. It is considered to be an ancient science of healing that enhances longevity. Ayurveda embraces all living things, human and Non-human. Ayurveda believes that healthy body is the basis for attaining four cherished goals of life (chaturvidh purushartha) viz., Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha. Positive health is defined as a combination of - (a) Dosha Dhatu samya (b) Prasanna Atma, Indriya, Manah (happy state of the soul, senses and the mind). Senses here mean the five organs of perception Gyanendriya viz., smell, taste, sight, touch, and hearing coupled with the organs of action - Karmendriya viz., mouth, hands, foot and organs of excretion and reproduction. According to Ayurveda, each one of us has a unique mix of three body principals that constitutes our mental, physical and spiritual well-being. These three principals are known as doshas, which are further classified as Vata (air-ether), Kapha (water-earth) and Pitta (water). According to ayurveda, the human body is composed of tissues (dhatus), waste (malas), and biomaterials (doshas). The seven dhatus are plasma (rasa), blood (rakta), muscles (māmsa), fat (meda), bone (asthi), marrow (majja), and semen (shukra). Like the medicine of classical antiquity, Ayurveda has historically divided bodily substances into five classical elements, (Sanskrit) panchamahabhuta, viz. earth, water, fire, air and ether.
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‘Ayurveda’ is generally understood as ‘Science of life’ translating ‘Ayuh (r)’as life and ‘Veda’ as science. Ayurveda is an ancient system of life and also the oldest surviving medical system in the world. It is considered to be an ancient science of healing that enhances longevity. Ayurveda embraces all living things, human and Non-human. During the 6th century BCE ,
Maharishi Shusurata a legendry scholar of the Indian medical science and founding father of surgery ,wrote one of the world's earliest works on medicine and surgery. Sushruta lived in the ancient city of Kashi, now known as Varanasi or Banaras. 2600 Yrs ago Maharishi Shushruta together with his colleagues had conducted the variety of complex surgeries such as caesareans, artificial limbs, cataract, urinary stones, fractures, and most specially the plastic surgery. In a famous book Shalya Tantra Shushruta described about all the surgical procedures. Shalya Tantra was later named as the Sushruta Samhita.
Acharya Charak has been crowned as the Father of Medicine. His work Charak Samhita is an encyclopedia of Ayurveda. Charaka who was a practitioner of the traditional system of Indian medicine known as Ayurveda had the royal patronage of King Kanishka.Through his genius and intuition Acharya Charak has made a landmark contribution to Ayurveda.
00:00 - Ayurveda
15:37 - Sushuruta & Sushruta Samhita
24:57 - Charaka & Charaka Samhita
#AyurvedaMedicineSurgeryCharakSushuruta #Charak #FatherofMedicine #CharakaSamhita #BiographyofMaharishi Charaka #TeachersofIndiaAcharyaCharaka #PranacharyaCharak #Charaka Samhita - An Ancient Medical Guide by the First Ayurvedic Physician #Shusurata #Fatherofsurgery #SushrutaSamhita #AncientIndianScientist #BiographyofMaharishiShushruta, #Sushruta'scontributioninMedical Science #MedicineandSurgeryinancientindia #Ayurveda #HistoryOfMedicine #VataPittaKapha #SecretsofAyurveda #ExploringAyurveda - Understanding Your Bodytype (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) #UnderstandingAyurveda - An introduction to Ayurvedic Principles #TheScienceofAyurveda #Ayurveda
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This episode gives the detailed description of the highly developed Science & Technology in Ancient India
00:00 - Metallurgy & Alchemy in Ancient India
15:10 - Mathematics in Ancient India
25:16 - Civili Engineering in Ancient India
31:18 - Architecture & Civil Engineering in Indus Valley Civilization
38:52 - Development of Agriculture
#AncientIndianScienceandTechnology
MetallurgyInAncientIndia #Mathematicsinancientindia
PrachinSthapatyaKala
CivilEngineeringInAncientIndia
CivilEngineeringandArchitectureinAncientIndia
ZincAncientIndianMetallurgy
ANCIENTNDIANCHEMISTRY
IronPillarthatneverRUSTS
#IndusValleyCivilization
#ArchitectureInIndusValleyCivilization
CivilEngineeringIndusValleyCivilization
#TownPlanningIndusValleyCivilization
GreatGranaryHarappa
#TheGreatBathMohenjodaro
DockyardLothal #historyofagriculture
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Agriculture in India is not of recent origin, but has a long history dating back to Neolithic age. It was one of the main reasons of Neolithic revolution. It changed the life style of early man from nomadic hunter and gatherer to cultivator of land. Earliest evidence of agriculture is found from Mehrgarh (Which is now in Pakistan) which dates back to 7000 BC.The excavation of the Mehrgarh period sites that is around 8000-6000 BC throws some startling facts about Indian agriculture that began as early as 9000 BC. In the Indus Valley Civilisation, agriculture was generally practiced along the river banks most of which were flooded during the summer and monsoons. This flood every year deposited fresh alluvial silt, which was highly productive and for which no major furrowing and certainly no manures and irrigation were required. Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Ganeriwala these were major sites of Indus Valley Civilisation. Archaeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC. Some animals thought to be vital for survival were worshiped. Trees were also domesticated and worshiped. Varahamihira wrote Brihat Samhita which was about Agriculture, plant protection from insects and manuring. Amarakosha a book by Amar Simha contains information on soil irrigation & agricultural implements, described 12 types of lands.
#historyofagriculture
#agriculturehistory
#originofagriculture
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India’s Urban Civilization, traceable to Mohenjodaro and Harappa, where Planned Urban Townships existed 5000 years ago. Some distinct features of this civilization are- Town Planning Both Mohen jo daro and Harappa were models of careful town planning. The principal streets all ran in straight lines either from north to south or from east to west in grid pattern and in places the main roads were 30 feet wide so that carts could pass without difficulty . Closed Drainage System The elaborate drainage system was a unique feature of the city .Almost every house had a well, drains and comfortable bathrooms ,For which pottery drain pipes and receptacles were laid down, communicating them with the street drain of gutter . Dwelling Houses The cities were fairly large and skill fully designed. The dwelling houses were many and they varied in size from a small building with two rooms to a palatial structure having a frontage of 85 ft and a depth of 97 ft .The outer walls were 4 to 5 ft thick. Great Granary at Harappa Among the larger buildings the great granary is the most remarkable and the largest building discovered at Harappa .It measures 6.15 meters by 15.5 meters. The granary was built with sufficient natural ventilation to prevent the grain from becoming mildewed. The Great Bath at Mohenjo daro The most imposing structure in the city was the great bath .It consisted of a large quadrangle in the centre with gallery's and rooms on all sides ,in some of which there were arrangements for hot water bath. The water was discharged by a large drain with a corbelled roof more than 2 metre in height. Dockyard Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a warehouse to serve the purposes of naval trade. The dock was built on the eastern flank of the town, and is regarded by archaeologists as an engineering feat of the highest order. It was located away from the main current of the river to avoid silting, but provided access to ships in high tide as well. It is speculated that Lothal engineers studied tidal movements, and their effects on brick-built structures, since the walls are of kiln-burnt bricks. The scientific survey of Indus Valley Civilization clearly provides an engineering feat of the highest order. #IndusValleyCivilization #ArchitectureInIndusValleyCivilization #CivilEngineeringIndusValleyCivilization
TownPlanningIndusValleyCivilization
GreatGranaryHarappa
TheGreatBathMohenjodaro
DockyardLothal
#ClosedDrainageSystem
CitadelAcropolis
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India was a World Guru , and has made world’s largest contributions in the field of science and technology. Civil Engineering in Ancient India was known as Sthapatya Kala and term Vastu originally derived from the root word vas, meaning to dwell or a dwelling place. Art of architecture and construction in ancient Indian texts is called Vastu Vidhya. The details of Vastu had been rigorously dealt across various ancient treatises like Vishwakarma’s Vastu Shastra, Rishi Bhrigu’s Bhrigu Samhita, Mayamatam said to be written by sage Mayamuni, Samarangana Sutradhara of Bhojadeva and Aparajita prccha .These technical treatises contain elaborate descriptions on the aspects of architecture and engineering. Entire universe including our body is composed of five basic elements- Air, Earth, Fire, Space and Water called “Panch Mahabhoot” . There are five basic principles on which the great edifice of the Vastu science of architecture stands are: Examination and Selection of Site: - Bhu Pariksha. Orientation:-Dik Nirnaya. Planning of various component:-Padavinyasa (Vastu Purusha Mandala) Proportion and Measurement of building:-Manna and Ayadi. The aesthetics of the building: - Bhulambamana or Chanada. Before taking you to a journey of ancient Indian architecture let me tell you that even prior to marvellous ancient Indian architecture marvels of architectural knowledge of Indians can be witnessed even in the pre historic sites of Indus Valley Civilization. Ancient Indian Engineering Marvels #PrachinSthapatyaKala
CivilEngineeringInAncientIndia
CivilEngineeringandArchitectureinAncientIndia
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It will not be an exaggeration of the facts if we say that Mathematics was it its heights of glory in ancient India. The entire 1028 verses of Rigveda are written on one meter or the other which clearly indicates that mathematics was so deeply entwined in ancient Indian lifestyle that the entire communication was done mathematically . Out of six compulsory subjects which were pre requisites for those who wanted to know the Vedas , Chanda(Meter) and Jyotish(Astronomy) were designed to give vivid knowledge of mathematical concepts and mathematical cosmology. Baudhayana,Aryabhat,Varahamihira,Bhaskaracharya gave various concepts of pi,trignometry,calculus,pascal's triangle.The oldest extant mathematical manuscript in South Asia is the Bakhshali Manuscript. Ancient Indians not only had advance knowledge of mathematics but they had mastered the art of encoding also.
#AncientIndianScience #Mathematics #Mathematicsinancientindia MathematicsinAncient India , Dr Veenus Jain #Baudhāyana ,#Śulbasûtra,#Circle, #Square, #Rectangle,# Triangle.#Aryabhatta,#algebra ,#arithmetic, #quadraticEquations ,t#rignometry.#Pingal ,#zero ,#Varahamira , #Pascal’s triangle, #Bhaskara II ,#Siddhanta Shiromani, #Calculus,#Bakhshali Manuscript,#Pythagoras Theoram
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Man and metals have an age-old relationship. Different periods of early human Civilization have been named after metals. The attributes of gold influenced the mind and heart of Indians so much that they conferred upon the supreme spirit the designation of hirnyagarbha. Some of the Gold and Silver ornaments from Indus Valley sites such as Mohenjodaro are hosted in the National Museum, New Delhi. Kautilya also described the method for refining silver. Zinc is one of the most difficult metals to smelt but ancient Indian metallurgists had mastered the technique of smelting Zinc as is evident from the semi-industrial scale production of Zinc in the Zawar region of Rajasthan. Rasaratnakar provides the earliest documentary evidence for the cementation process for brass making and reduction-distillation process for zinc extraction. Wootz steel was widely exported and traded throughout ancient Europe, China, the Arab world, and became particularly famous in the Middle East, where it became known as Damascus steel. Mercury was very popular in ancient India owing to its alchemical significance. The Rasa Ratnasamuccaya describes the extraction and use of copper.The world renowned Bronze sculpted statue of the dancing girl from Mohenjodaro is the best example of the Tin mining and smelting technology in ancient India. In various parts of India mirrors made of Bronze have also been found. An important metal referred to in Rigveda is ayas.An iron pillar known as Mehrauli pillar inscription weighing over 6 tonnes, more than 7 metres tall is constructed in a single forge and is erected on top of the Vishnupada hill (in modern central India) with sanskrit inscriptions on it in the brahmi script about the great gupta ruler Chandragupta Vikramaditya during the Gupta dynasty’s rule in 320-540 AD.Later the founder of delhi, Tomar king Anangapala brings it to delhi and installs it in its current place . The other one is near Bangalore in kannur where there is 750 centimeters of rain a year 6 to 8 months and this is been there for 2400 years and it is rust proof . There were experts in the preparation of a variety of metallic salts, compounds and alloys, pharmaceutical preparations, distillation of scents for making perfumes and fragrances as well as cosmetics. nearly three thousand years back, Indians knew the art of making glass and coloring it with metal salts. In ancient India, glass was used to make beads, bangles and laboratory ware It is appropriate to mention that it is the Muslims who took much of the Hindu chemistry, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics, and other branches of science and technology to the Near East and then to Europe. It is well established that the secret of the manufacturing of Damascus-steel was taken by the Arabs from Persians and the Persians from India.
#AncientIndianScience
MetallurgyAlchemyinAncientIndia
AncientIndianScienceandTechnology
Metallurgy during Vedic times
#IndiaWasTheFirstToExtractZincAncientIndianMetallurgy
Metallurgy in India ancient india science and technology
#wootzsteel
damascussteel
#ANCIENTNDIANCHEMISTRY
IronPillarthatneverRUSTS
#IndiaProducedWootzSteel
DevelopmentofIroninAncient
#IndiaGreatIronPillarDelhi - NonrustingIronpillarofIndia
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The episode explains the six vedangas - Shiksha,Vyakaran,Chanda,Nirukta,Kalp and jyotish in detail .
Vedangas
Vedas
#vedicliterature
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This episode gives an introduction of the Upanishads, #Vedas #vedicliterature #Upnishads
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The Aranyakas आरण्यक constitutes the philosophy behind ritual sacrifice of the ancient sacred texts, the Vedas. They represent the third layer of the Vedic texts which are the Samhitas , Brahmanas ,Aranyakas and the Upanishads . This episode explains the meaning and content of the Aranyakas.
#आरण्यक
vedicliterature
Aranyak
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The Brahmanas : ब्राह्मणम्, are Vedic śruti works attached to the Samhitas of the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas. They are a secondary layer or classification of Sanskrit texts embedded within each Veda, often explain and give instructions on the performance of Vedic rituals . This episode gives the details of Brahmanas.
#Vedas
#vedicliterature
#Brahmanas
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The Brahmanas : ब्राह्मणम्, are Vedic śruti works attached to the Samhitas of the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas. They are a secondary layer or classification of Sanskrit texts embedded within each Veda, often explain and give instructions on the performance of Vedic rituals . This episode gives the details of Brahmanas.
The Aranyakas आरण्यक constitutes the philosophy behind ritual sacrifice of the ancient sacred texts, the Vedas. They represent the third layer of the Vedic texts which are the Samhitas , Brahmanas ,Aranyakas and the Upanishads . This episode explains the meaning and content of the Aranyakas.
This episodes also gives a detailed description of main Upnishads in detail.
Six vedangas - Shiksha,Vyakaran,Chanda,Nirukta,Kalp and jyotish in detail
#BrahamanAranyakUpnishadsVedanga
vedicliterature
ब्राह्मणआरण्यक
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This video explains how vedas are the ultimate source of knowledge and the meaning of Gayatri Mantra.It gives all the details for students who are prepairing for various competitions. Details of various recensions ,upanishads associated with these Vedas is also there in the video.
#Vedas
Rigveda,Yajurveda,Samaveda,Atharvaveda
#vedicliterature
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In Inter disciplinary approach learners draw two or more disciplines in order to advance their understanding of a subject or problem that extends beyond the boundary of any single subject. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. So it can be said that collaboration among two or more academic disciplines to investigate a central problem, inquiry, or theme is known as interdisciplinary approach. Multi-disciplinary refers to an additive research agenda in which each researcher remains within his or her discipline and applies its concepts and methods without necessarily sharing a common goal with other researchers. In contrast, transdisciplinary contributions incorporate a combination of concepts and knowledge not only used by academics and researchers but also other actors in civic society, including representatives of the private sector, public administrators, and the public. Relationship of History with other Social Science Disciplines.
History and Political Science
History & Economics
History & Statistics
History & Sociology
History & Geography
HISTORY & Archaeology
HISTORY & Linguistics
HISTORY & Palaentology
HISTORY & Psychology
HISTORY & Anthropology
#InterdisciplinaryApproach
transdisciplinary
Multidisciplinary
RelationshipOfHistoryWithOtherSciences
HistoryAndInterdisciplinaryApproach
HistoryAndPoliticalScience
HistoryAndEconomics
HistoryAndStatistics
HistoryAndSociology #HistoryAndGeography
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Cultural heritage is the legacy of tangible physical artefacts and intangible aspects of a group or society. These are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. This refers to the Cultural Heritage including: buildings, historical places, monuments, handicraft, sculpture, painting, etc.
Tangible Cultural Heritage 1) movable 2) immovable Intangible Cultural Heritage Intangible Cultural Heritage recognized by UNESCO
#Tangible&IntangibleHeritage
IntangibleCulturalHeritage
TangibleCulturalHeritage
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The end of cities did not mean the end of the Harappan tradition. The Harappan communities merged into the surrounding agricultural groups. However, the centralised decision-making in the polity and economy had ended. The Harappan communities which continued after the urban phase would have retained their older traditions. It is likely that the Harappan peasants would retain their forms of worship. The priests of the Harappan urban centres were part of a highly organised literate tradition. Even if literacy ended, they are likely to have preserved their religious practices. The dominant community of the subsequent early historic period called itself “The Aryans”. These people do not seem to have possessed a literary tradition. Possibly, the priestly groups of the Harappan merged into the ruling groups of the Aryans. As such the Harappan religious tradition world be transmitted to the historical India. The folk communities also retained the traditions of craftsmanship as is evident form the pottery and tool making traditions. Once again when literate urban culture emerged in early India it absorbed elements of the folk cultures. This would provide more effective channel of transmission of the Harappan tradition. Many elements of the Harappan civilization survived in the subsequent historical tradition, as the culture of Indus valley civilization has been preserved without a breakdown to the present day and it includes all walks of life not just the religious and spiritual fields
#ContinuityAndSurvivalOfHarappanCivilization
HarappanCivilisationToVedicCivilizationContinuity&Survival
SurvivalOfHarappanCivilizationToVedic Age
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The Shakti Peethas (holy places of cosmic power) are places of worship consecrated to the goddess 'Shakti', the female principal of Hinduism and the main deity of the Shakta sect. HISTORY Sati married Shiva against Daksha's will but still craved for her father's acceptance of their marriage. Around this, Daksha organised a massive yagna to please the Gods. He purposely did not invite Shiva and Sati. But Sati insisted on going to the yagna against Shiva's consent. She believed that no formal invitation was needed for her to go to her father's house. When Sati arrived at her father's palace, she was treated as an uninvited guest. Moreover, Daksha even committed the sin of insulting Lord Shiva in Sati's presence. Pained by her father's ignorance and arrogance, Sati threw herself in the fire set up for the yagna. At this time, Adi Shakti left her mortal body. When the news reached Shiva, he went wild with rage. He picked up Sati's body on his shoulders and started performing tandava, the dance of destruction. The stability of the Universe was threatened by Shiva's dance, and to protect the human world, Lord Vishnu cut up Sati's body with his sudarshan chakra. Shiva's anger was eventually cooled but Sati's body was never whole again. The body was cut up into 51 pieces and all the pieces fell at different places in India. These places of holy land are called the Shakti peethas.
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Chota Char Dham Char Dham, literally ‘the four abodes’, yatra refers to the journey up the mountains to four sacred temples in the North Indian state of Uttarakhand.It is also referred to as 'Chhota Char Dham' to differentiate it from the bigger circuit of Char Dham sites. The four temples that comprise Chota Char Dham are Yamunotri Dham, Gangotri Dham, Badrinath Dham and Kedarnath Dham.Each of these four sites is devoted to a specific deity. Yamunotri is dedicated to the Goddess Yamuna. Gangotri is dedicated to the Goddess Ganga. Kedarnath is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Badrinath is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. The scenic beauty of the mountains solemnly provides strength to the pilgrims as they move towards their destination.
ChotaCharDham #YamunotriGangotriBadrinathKedarnath #CharDham #ReligiousTourism • Music Courtesy: No Right Copyright
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Development in science and technology has made it possible to know more about archeology and history. In case of archeology drones, aerial photography, lidar, KALEIDOS, Magnetometer, Electrical Resistivity Tomography has opened doors to new knowledge through excavations. #ArtificialIntelligenceInHistory #ArtificialIntelligenceInArchaeology
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The Char Dham (meaning: four abodes) is a set of four sacred sites in India. Chardham Yatra refers to the journey of these four sites.It is believed that visiting these sites helps achieve moksha (salvation). The four Dhams are, Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri and Rameswaram. It is believed that every Hindu should visit the Char Dhams during one's lifetime. he Char Dham as defined by Adi Shankaracharya consists of four Hindu pilgrimage sites. Another small circuit in Uttarakhand of four pilgrimage sites-Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath is referred to as Chota Char Dham. #CharDham #BadrinathDwarkaPuriRameshwaram #Religious Tourism
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This episode explains the difference between Alwars and Naynars.
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This epsode explains different sects of Hinduism.Vaishnavism - Shaivism - Shaktism
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Shaktism – Worship of Goddess Shakti Shakta refers to ‘worship of Goddess Shakti’. Shakta Dharma is the science of cultivation of power. Its followers also consider the Shakta religion as old as the ancient Vedic religion. The followers of Shakti are often called ‘Shaktas’.
• On the first day, devotees worship the daughter of the mountain, Goddess Shailputri.
• On the second day, they worship Brahmacharini, the unmarried avatar of Goddess Parvati.
• The third is dedicated to Chandraghanta.
• The fourth day, devotees worship Goddess Kushmanda who is said to be the creative power of the universe.
• Fifth day is for Goddess Skandamata.
• On the sixth day, devotees worship warrior Goddess Katyayani.
• On the seventh day, Goddess Kaalratri is worshipped.
• The eight day is for Goddess Mahagauri
• The ninth day is dedicated to Goddess Siddhidatri.
• On the last day, Vijaya Dashmani is celebrated when the idols are carried in processions and then immersed in water
Diwali,
Durga Puja,
Kali Puja,
Minakshi Kalyanam ,
Ambubachi Mela,
#Shaktism #Navratra #Durgapuja
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There are 12 Jyotirlinga in India. It is believed that Lord Shiva first manifested himself on Earth on the night of the Aridra Nakshatra. • A jyotirlinga or Jyotirlingam is a representation of Shiva. It is a Sanskrit word in which Jyoti means " Radiance" and linga is phallus.
Somnath Temple in Gujarat,
Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga-Andhra Pradesh,
Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga- Madhya Pradesh,
Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga- Madhya Pradesh,
Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga- Jharkhand,
Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga- Maharashtra,
Rameshwar Jyotirlinga- Tamil Nadu,
Nageshwar Jyotirlinga- Gujarat,
Kashi Vishwanath-Varanasi,
Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga-Nasik,
Kedarnath Jyotirlinga-Uttarakhand,
Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga-Aurangabad,
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Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism is also known as bhagvatism, this sect regards Vishnu as the supreme God. They focus their worship on the ten incarnations of Vishnu, which include Rama and Krishna.
The First Avatar: Matsya (The Fish)
The Third Avatar: Varaha (The Boar)
The Fourth Avatar: Narasimha (The Man-Lion)
The Fifth Avatar: Vamana (The Dwarf)
The Sixth Avatar: Parasurama (The Angry Man)
The Seventh Avatar: Lord Rama (The Perfect Man)
The Eighth Avatar: Lord Krishna (The Divine Statesman)
The Ninth Avatar: Balarama (Krishna's Elder Brother)
The Tenth Avatar: Kalki (The Mighty Warrior)
The Alwars were Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused devotion to the Lord Vishnu or his avatar Lord Krishna in their songs of longing, and service.
#Vaishnavism
#10IncarnationsOfVishnu
Alvars
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Shaivism is the name given to the practice of worshipping Lord Shiva as the highest supreme Brahman.The two great epics of India, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, also indicate Shiva's importance.
One of the primary symbols of Shaivism is the linga (also known as "Lingam"), a phallic shape which represents Shiva by embodying both his regenerative capability as the destroyer and reproducer of the universe.
Worshippers of Siva, worship Him in various forms, as
• Sivalinga,
• Nataraja,
• Dakshinamurthy,
• Arthanariswara,
• Haryadhamurthi,
• Yogeswara,
• Bhairava.
SCHOOLS OF SHAIVISM,
PASHUPATAS,
KAPALIKAS,
KALAMUKHAS,
NAYANARS,
KASHMIR SHAIVISM ,
VIRASAIVAS,
Nath Sampadaya,
The fourteenth day of the waning moon in the month of Falgun (occurring between February- March) is celebrated as Shiva Ratri, the night of Lord Shiva. On this day, Shaivite Temples are elaborately decorated, with hordes of devotees lining up to offer obeisance to Lord Shiva.
#Shaivism
Kapalika
Kalamukhs
Nayanara
Nathas
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This video describes various reasons for celebrating Diwali.
#Diwali
#WhyDoWeCelebrateDiwali
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Difference between BC and AD
• Standardized under the Julian and Georgian calendar, AD stands for Anno Domini which is a Latin term for “Year of our Lord” and is used as a label for measuring the years after Jesus Christ was born, while on the other hand, BC stands for measuring the years Before Christ.
• AD (Anno Domini) denotes the calendar era after the birth of Jesus Christ and traditionally, the year accepted for Christ’s birth is labelled as AD1 and a year before it is labelled as 1 BC.
DifferenceBetweenAD&BC #AD&BC #Annodomino
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Buddhism
Buddhism began in India during late 500 BCE from the teachings of a prince named Siddhartha Gautama who later came to be known as Gautama Buddha, meaning ‘enlightened one’. The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.At the age of 29, Gautama left home and rejected his life of riches and embraced a lifestyle of asceticism, or extreme self-discipline.
After 49 consecutive days of meditation, Gautama attained Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya a village in Bihar. Buddha gave his first sermon in the village of Sarnath, near the city of Benares in UP. This event is known as Dharma-Chakra-Pravartana (turning of the wheel of law).
He died at the age of 80 in 483 BCE at a place called Kushinagara a town in UP. The event is known as Mahaparinibban.
Four noble truths:
-
Suffering (dukkha) is the essence of the world.
-
Every suffering has a cause – Samudya.
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Suffering could be extinguished – Nirodha.
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It can be achieved by following the Atthanga Magga (Eight Fold Path).
The Eightfold Path consists of the following understandings and practices:
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Right Understanding: knowledge that the Four Noble Truthslead to overcoming dukkha
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Right Thought: a genuine wish to break free from desire
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Right Speech: controlling one’s speech so that it does not harmothers. Buddhists will avoid lying or gossip
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Right Action: avoiding actions that are harmful to oneself or anyother living creature
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Right Livelihood: earning a living in a way that does not causeharm or suffering to others. This involves avoiding professionsthat create or distribute weapons, that promote intoxication, orthat involve the slaughter of animals
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Right Effort: paying attention continually to one’s lifestyle
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Right Mindfulness: constant awareness about the effects ofone’s actions so as to avoid causing harm
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Right Concentration: attaining serenity by cultivating the mindthrough meditation
The three Pitakas
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Suttapitaka (5 books)
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Vinayapitaka (5 books)
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Dharmapitaka (6 books)
Schools of Buddhism
Mahayana
Hinayana
Theravada
Zen
Vajrayana
Buddhist Councils
First Council
Second Council
Third Council
Forth Council
Buddhism #EightFoldPath #HinayanMahayanVajrayanZen
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In ancient India the institution of marriage was regarded as of great importance. It was devised and maintained in order to solve the problem of the life of men and women in their worldly existence.
The Brahma marriage
The Daiva form of marriage
The Arsha form of marriage
The Prajapatya form of marriage
The Gandharva form of marriage
The Asura form of marriage
The Rakshasha form of marriage
The Paishachya form of marriage
The first four forms of marriage The Brahma, the daiva, The Arsha and the Prajapatya were generally approved and were permissible in the ancient Indian society.
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In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens.The first astronomical text that lists them is the Vedanga Jyotisha.In classical Hindu scriptures (Mahabharata, Harivamsa), the creation of the nakshatras is attributed to Daksha. They are personified as daughters of Daksha and as wives of Chandra known as the Moon God (who reluctantly married the 26 other nakshatras on Daksha's request even though he was only interested to marry Rohini), or alternatively the daughters of Kashyapa.This episode gives the details of Nakshatras and hindi months.
#WhatAreNakshatras
#NamesOfNakshatras
NamesOfHindiMonths
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This episode gives the details repetition of words in Rigveda.This has been specially created for students preparing for competitive exams.
#WordsInRigveda
Vedas
SamundraInRigveda
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Pancha Bhoota or Pancha Maha-Bhoota (पञ्चभूत, पञ्चमहाभूत), five great elements, also five physical elements, is a group of five basic elements, which, according to Hinduism, is the basis of all cosmic creation. These elements are: • Prithvi/पृथ्वी:/Earth, • Jal/Water, • Agni /अग्नि, Fire, • Vayu वायु:, Air, • Akasha/Dyaus/Aetherआकाश, Space. Modern science does not support the theory of the five elements of nature as being the basis of our world. It rather supports the atomic theory according to which all substances forming our perceivable world are made up of smaller subunits: the atoms.
#PanchMahabhuta
#PanchTatva
5ElementsofExistence
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Position of women in Early Vedic Age and Epic Age
Women held an important position in the society. No religious ceremony, especially yajna, could be performed unless the wife joined the husband. She was the creator, protector, and educator of her children. Women were given equal opportunities as men for their spiritual and intellectual development. There were women poets like Apala, Viswavara, Ghosa, Lopamudra and Gargi during the Rig Vedic period. Atharva Veda endorses that the women should be valiant, scholarly, prosperous, intelligent and knowledgeable; they should take part in the legislative chambers and be the protectors of family and society.
Later Vedic Age or Epic Age
In regard to the position of woman, their condition was not good during later Vedic period.Daughters were regarded as a source of misery. Women could not go to the tribal council or assembly, neither could they take an inheritance. The status of women declined, but the opportunity of education was not completely denied. They were deprived of upanayana sanskar. This completely suggests that the condition of women deteriorated in the Epic Age or later Vedic period in comparison with Rig Vedic or Early Vedic Age.
#WomenInVedicAge
#WomenInRigVedicAge
#WomenInEpicAge
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Difference between Polygamy, Polyandry and Monogamy
Polygamy/Polygyny
Polygamy/Polygyny is the practice of having more than one wife.
Polyandry
Polyandry is the practice of having more than one husband.
Monogamy
Monogamy, the union between two individuals (a man & a woman), is the most common form of marriage.
#Polygamy/Polygyny
#Polyandry
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Monogamy
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The Vedic social system is structured by the underlying code of religion. This code is reflected through the basic principle of varna- ashrama- dharma. While the Varna deals with division of society, Ashram deals with the nature of training and living in four stages of life. Together they profound a system referred to as Varna Ashram-Vyavastha.
Varna
Ashram
Purusharth
#VarnaAshram #VarnaAshramSystem #Purusharth
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Political Organisations in Early Vedic Age Sabha -सभा Samiti - समिति Vidath -विदथ Gana - गण Parishad - परिषद Sabha and Samiti are mentioned as two daughters of Prajapati in Atharvaveda In Atharvaveda Sabha is called Narishtha नरिष्ठा (अनुल्लंघनीय) one which cannot be disobeyed. #Sabha-Samiti #Vidath-विदथ #Gana-गण #Parishad-परिषद
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Vedic Age This video gives a detailed account of the Socio, Cutural,Political and Religious conditions of the Early Vedic Age.The word veda is derived from the root vid which means ‘to know’. The four Vedas – Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samveda & Atharvaveda are the oldest surviving texts which possess knowledge par excellence and gave their name to the era in which they were compiled . The Rigveda which is the oldest Vedic text reflects one stage of social and cultural development whereas the other three Vedas reflect another stage. The first stage is known as the Rigvedic period or Early Vedic period and the later stage is known as the Later Vedic period. Political Organization
Military Organization
Social Conditions
Clothing
Food
Economic Condition
Agriculture
Crafts
Trade and Commerce
Transport
Religion
EarlyVedicAge
#RigVedicAge
#VedicAge
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Cyclical view of history is among the earliest theories in history. This theory suggests that the eventsand stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles.
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In this podcast the procedure to write a research paper has been explained step by step.The steps covered are -
00:11 - How to choose your Broad Area?
00:26 - How to select the Title / Topic of research paper?
06:27 - How to do literature review?
07:27 - How to find research gap?
07:47 - How to formulate a Research Question?
09:14 - How to decide research methodology?
09:18 - Qualitative and Quantitative research?
10:58 - Research Philosophy
11:46 - How to write an Abstract?
13:05 - How to Structure a Research Paper?
14:07 - How to Write Bibliography?
14:57 - Where to Submit your paper?
15:17 - How to select right Journal? 15:54 - How to revise your paper?
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Khuni Hastakshar - A Tribute to Subhash Chandra Bose on the ocassion of Independence Day
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Relationship of History with other Social Science Disciplines. Interdisciplinary approach is a process of answering a question , solving a problem, or addressing a topic that is too broad or complex to be dealt with adequately by a single discipline, hence draws various disciplines with the goal of integrating their insights to construct a more comprehensive understanding.
0:27 - History and Political Science
2:14 - History and Economics
3:35 - History and Statistics
4:40 - Cliometrics
5:24 - History and Sociology
6:28 - History and Geography
RelationshipOfHistoryWithOtherSciences #HistoryAndInterdisciplinaryApproach #HistoryAndPoliticalScience #HistoryAndEconomics #HistoryAndStatistics #HistoryAndSociology #HistoryAndGeography
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Interdisciplinary studies are those in which concerted action and integration are accepted by researchers in different disciplines as a means to achieve a shared goal that usually is a common subject of study. Multi-disciplinary refers to an additive research agenda in which each researcher remains within his or her discipline and applies its concepts and methods without necessarily sharing a common goal with other researchers. In contrast, transdisciplinary contributions incorporate a combination of concepts and knowledge not only used by academics and researchers but also other actors in civic society, including representatives of the private sector, public administrators, and the public. These contributions enable the cross-fertilisation of knowledge and experiences from diverse groups of people that can promote an enlarged vision of a subject, as well as new explanatory theories. Rather than being an end in itself, this kind of research is a way of achieving innovative goals, enriched understanding, and a synergy of new methods. #Interdisciplinary #transdisciplinary #Multidisciplinary
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This podcast discusses various view points on subjectivity and objectivity in history.
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Nature of History 1. A study of the present in the light of the past 2. History is the study of man 3. History is concerned with man in time 4. History is concerned with man in space 5. Objective record of happenings 6. Multisided 7. History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends 8. Not only narration but also analysis 9. Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of history. 10. Relevant 11. Comprehensive 12. Study of individual , communities and the societies are the subject of of history 13.A future-oriented study 14.History follows scientific method of enquiry 15. Usage of Scientific Techniques without experimentation Scope of History The scope of History is vast; it is the story of man in relation to totality of his behavior. The scope of history means the breadth, comprehensiveness, variety and extent of learning experiences, provided by the study. History which was only limited to a local saga, has during the course of century become universal history of mankind, depicting man’s achievements in every field of life-political, economic, social, cultural, scientific, technological, religious and artistic etc., and at various levels-local, regional, national, and international. History is a comprehensive subject and includes-History of Geography, History of Art, History of Culture, History of Literature, History of Civilization, History of Religion, History of Mathematics, History of Physics, History of Chemistry, History of Education, History of Biology, History of Atom, History of Philosophy-in fact history of any and every social, physical and natural science we are interested in.
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In Inter disciplinary approach learners draw two or more disciplines in order to advance their understanding of a subject or problem that extends beyond the boundary of any single subject. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. So it can be said that collaboration among two or more academic disciplines to investigate a central problem, inquiry, or theme is known as interdisciplinary approach.
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What is History? The word History which originated from Greek word iotopia, historia, meaning "inquiry and knowledge acquired by investigation" is the scientific study of the past. Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is often considered to be the "father of history" within the Western tradition, although he has also been called the "father of lies". Along with his contemporary Thucydides, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. What Is History? is a 1961 non-fiction book by historian Edward Hallett Carr on historiography. It discusses history, facts, the bias of historians, science, morality, individuals and society, and moral judgements in history. The book originated in a series of lectures given by Carr in 1961 at the University of Cambridge. The lectures were intended as a broad introduction into the subject of the theory of history and their accessibility has resulted in What is History? becoming one of the key texts in the field of historiography. History is the study of life in society in the past, in all its aspect, in relation to present developments and future hopes. History is a significant record of events of the past, a meaningful story of mankind depicting the details of what happened to man ,why it happened and how it happened. Mainly it deals with the human world. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions.
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