Reviewer 2 does geoengineering: Recent Episodes
Reviewer 2
Reviewer 2 quibbles with actual experts in Solar Radiation Modification and Carbon Dioxide Removal, before rejecting their work on spurious, spiteful and capricious grounds. You'd expect nothing less from R2.
What control can we exercise over MCB? Should it be confined to small, climatically sensitive areas - or expanded at great cost, to minimise inter-regional disparities? Walker Lee discusses the issue in depth. (See PT 2 for a discussion on disability and diversity).Jack's first paper: https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171322700.02512514/v1Jack's second paper: https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171201044.45268441/v1
We've extracted this very interesting discussion from Walker Lee's new episode, because a) it's a standalone section and b) the main episode was already quite long. Here, Walker Lee describes in vibrant and very personal terms his own academic journey, touching on important issues of ideological diversity and disability discrimination. It's not trad R2, but we liked it. Enjoy!
Moritz Günther tries valiantly to get @geoengineering1 to understand the atmospheric dynamics of SAI's impacts on the warm pool, but it's rather like watching him trying to train a baboon to use Photoshop - there's some engagement, and the occasional flash of comprehension before it all gets too much for him. NB this is the FIXED version - the original had a couple of important errors of sign from Günther. If you've listen to the old version, pls see this important author note "the part where I say it's destabilising... should actually be stabilising... roughly at 1:10:30 - 1:11:00. The part where I say we would need less aerosol if the Brewer-Dobson circulation mechanism exists but we would actually need more is around 1:21:30 - 1:22:00." (timestamps from old episode) And BTW, props to him for a) checking b) fessing up. Science progresses one correction at a time. Günther, M., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C., and Toohey, M.: Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-429, 2024.
William Morrissey explains how SAI could lead to conflict and counter-geoengineering. @geoengineering1 isn't convinced it will all end so badly. Avoiding atmospheric anarchy: Geoengineering as a source of interstate tensionWilliam Morrissey https://doi.org/10.1177/27538796231221597
Roll up! Roll up! Grab your buckets, and get ready to do a science! Bach is back (again) to discuss institutional collaboration and citizen science in OAE. Bach, L. T., Ferderer, A. J., LaRoche, J., and Schulz, K. G.: Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP), EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-692, 2024Identifying the Most (Cost-)Efficient Regions for CO2 Removal With Iron Fertilization in the Southern OceanLennart T. Bach, Veronica Tamsitt, Kimberlee Baldry, Jeffrey McGee, Emmanuel C. Laurenceau-Cornec, Robert F. Strzepek, Yinghuan Xie, Philip W. BoydFirst published: 16 November 2023https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007754
How do you establish and grow a DAC company? Anca Timofte has utilised a career leg-up from Climeworks to start her own DAC outfit, with some pretty fancy chemistry. @geoengineering1 gets the lowdown on how she did it - and what the future challenges are https://theholocene.co/
Is the supply of carbon removal fundamentally limited, and how should it be allocated? Comrade Allanah Paul from Bellona sends @geoengineering1 to the reeducation camps in an attempt to expunge his bourgeois thinking. report: https://www.negemproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/D6.5_Who-should-use-NETPS.pdf
Gunter Flipkens explains why everyone is worried about heavy metals leaching from olivine coastal weathering experiments. Then he explains how he tests the exact toxicity to animals, plus how to reduce it. Thesis link https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379406915_Coastal_enhanced_olivine_weathering_for_climate_change_mitigation_investigating_the_CO2_sequestration_potential_and_ecotoxicological_risks
Christian Claudel comes on to explore the issues around using drones to distribute MCB particles. These are made by anti-solvent precipitation (much like diluting Ricard spirit). Despite @geoengineering1 being AN ACTUAL AUTHOR on the paper he still finds plenty of opportunities for nitpicking.Paper: Marine-cloud brightening: an airborne conceptChristian Claudel, Andrew John Lockley, Fabian Hoffmann and Younan XiaDOI 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2f71
Michael Fuhr gives @geoengineering1 news on what happens when you throw rocks in the sea (yawn). Then they go on a massive rant about how Gen Z academics don't know how to party anymore (yey!). But which one of them ended a conference locked in a laundry cage being rolled through a hotel foyer? Find out, inside.Paper https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1338556This article is part of the Research TopicQuantifying Carbon Removal by Negative Emissions TechnologiesAlkaline mineral addition to anoxic to hypoxic Baltic Sea sediments as a potentially efficient CO2-removal technique
What could be the eventual scale of the CDR market? What technologies will it use? And how do choices made today affect where it ends up? Robert Hoglund discusses with @geoengineering1Some works discussedCDR.fyi annual reporthttps://www.cdr.fyi/blog/2023-year-in-reviewCarbon removal is not a finite resourcehttps://marginalcarbon.substack.com/p/carbon-removal-is-not-a-finite-resourceEmergent methane mitigation and removal approaches: A reviewIshita Mundra, Andrew Lockley https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100223
Joshua Schwarz explains how dispersing ice nucleating particles in one tiny region of the tropical tropopause layer off Northern Australia can address around 1pc of global warming. He also discusses his involvement in the SABRE stratospheric flights. Paper: Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefitsDOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0593Other papers discussedPyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol compositionJ. M. KATICH DOI: 10.1126/science.add3101Marine-cloud brightening: an airborne conceptChristian Claudel, Andrew John Lockley, Fabian Hoffmann and Younan XiaDOI 10.1088/2515-7620/ad2f71
What is nature? Does it matter beyond its direct usefulness? Do animals only have rights if they're conscious? When did man become morally responsible for environmental degradation? When can and should we fiddle with the natural world? Elliott Woodhouse explains the differing views to @geoengineering1. A blog post is available, summarising his PhD https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/lc3m/blogs/phd-spotlight-elliott-woodhouses-ethics-climate-engineering
NPC vs IAM. Oliver Perkins explains why simple agent-based models (non playable characters, if you like) might outperform the integrated assessment models that have led to such outlandish predictions for CDR. Paper: Toward quantification of the feasible potential of land-based carbon dioxide removalhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.11.011
The highly prolific Chris Jones thoroughly intimidates the normally boisterous @geoengineering1, while discussing sorbents that can tolerate a wide range of climate conditions. Paper Sub-Ambient Temperature Direct Air Capture of CO2 using Amine-Impregnated MIL-101(Cr) Enables Ambient Temperature CO2 Recoveryhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.1c00414Here's some more links about Chris and the subjects discussed in this episode. DAC bibliometric analysishttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772826922000086https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277282692300010XDirACC Publication list (GT DAC Center)https://sites.gatech.edu/dac-center/publications/Jones web page:https://jones.chbe.gatech.edu/dr-jones/ Jones Google Scholar page:https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ltWKpYgAAAAJ&hl=en Jones Wikipedia page:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_W._Jones
Gloria Reithmaier talks to @geoengineering1 about coastal blue carbon, work/life balance, and being a mum in academia. Paper: Reithmaier, G.M.S., Cabral, A., Akhand, A. et al. Carbonate chemistry and carbon sequestration driven by inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes. Nat Commun 14, 8196 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44037-w
Celebrate Xmas day with Holly, discussing Solar geoengineering research in the global public interest: A proposal for how to do it https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332223005481
How can you make a sunshade stay in place? How can you make it beam down solar power to Earth? @geoengineering1 finds out from Tharshan Maheswaran. Paper - International planetary sunshade concept with a function-integrated and scalable support structure based on coreless filament winding DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012113
Should the army be allowed to blow people up with a volcano? If your geothermal power plant triggers an eruption, is that just a risk of doing business? Should we fiddle with volcanoes to make them safer? Is even researching this opening a can of worms? Gideon Futurman interviews Michael Cassidy (giving @geoengineering1 a month long editing nightmare, but with results we hope you'll like). Paper: The Ethics of Volcano GeoengineeringMichael Cassidy, Anders Sandberg, Lara Manihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003714
"Good afternoon, Reviewer 2 listeners. Some of us at the Healthy Planet Action Coalition (www.healthyplanetaction.org) have noticed that a few months ago Reviewer 2 experienced a security breach orchestrated by archrival Challenging Climate. Now normally we would refrain from taking advantage of poor Reviewer 2, but we sensed an opportunity that we couldn’t resist and decided to jump into the breach with this discussion about the recent report of the Climate Overshoot Commission (COC) between Chris Field, Stanford Professor and advisor to the COC, and Mike MacCracken, HPAC Steering Circle member and former Executive Director of the Office of the US Global Change Research Program.The Climate Overshoot Commission report "Reducing the Risks of Climate Overshoot" was released on September 14: https://www.overshootcommission.org/_files/ugd/0c3b70_bab3b3c1cd394745b387a594c9a68e2b.pdf. While the COC did not solicit public input, it did hold a series of meetings to learn and discuss the full range of questions facing the international community in dealing with the risk of climate overshoot. Their 4-part high-level recommendations were summarized in the acronym CARE, for Cut (emissions), Adapt, Remove (CO2), and Explore (SRM). Specifically, its recommendation on climate intervention advocated expanding research while placing "a moratorium on the deployment of solar radiation modification and large-scale outdoor experiments that would carry risk of significant trans-boundary harm. "
Want to know exactly how Pinatubo affected ozone? After a marathon 6h edit, @geoengineering1 has finally managed to get this Yifeng Peng interview sounding OK. Paper: Perturbation of Tropical Stratospheric Ozone Through Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemistry Due To Pinatubo https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103773
Manon Simon discusses her thesis on the legal overlap between cloud seeding and MCB. What can we learn and apply from decades of cloud seeding regulation?
Liam Bullock talks about his Horizon-funded work on slags, tailings and overburden. How can these different wastes be used for CO2 removal?International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 129, October 2023, 103990Experimental investigation of multiple industrial wastes for carbon dioxide removal strategieshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2023.103990
Jesse Reynolds shows how many SRM papers overestimate risks and underestimate benefits.Paper: "Communication of Solar Geoengineering Science: Forms, Examples, and Explanation of Skewing" https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20530196221095569More papers are at https://jreynolds.org/
The Radiative Forcing Pattern Effect on Climate Sensitivityhttps://essopenarchive.org/users/535851/articles/655683-the-radiative-forcing-pattern-effect-on-climate-sensitivity
Emily Sheppard talks about how the nutrients used by seaweed affect its usefulness for CDR. She then plays a violin made of seaweed. Paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpy.13381Kelp violin link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2nHGNF_Ar0
How can countries share the cost of cleaning up historic emissions? A croaky Reviewer 2 finds out from Asbjørn Torvanger. What If Country Commitments for CO2 Removal Were Based on Responsibility for Historical Emissions? by Asbjørn Torvanger CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway Energies 2023, 16(11), 4350; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114350
Andrés Clarens discusses how the CDR industry will spread throughout the US. Paper: Regional implications of carbon dioxide removal in meeting net zero targets for the United States https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aced18
Two guests (with extremely complicated names) discuss the ludicrousest, amazingest paper we've ever had on the show. Yes, they're seriously asking: can we use spider's silk to make giant diffraction gratings for use in space? Amira Omer Mohamed Ahmed Salim Karlsson and Johanna D'Ciofalo Khodaverdian's bachelors' thesis is available at https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1780558&dswid=-248They were joined by their supervisor Christer Fuglesang, to make sure Reviewer 2 wasn't too mean to them.
Lennart Bach returns to discuss his modelling paper on ocean / atmosphere exchange of CO2 with @geoengineering1. Also included is enlightening discussion on getting drunk on expensive beer, whether Tasmania is any good, and if 6 peer reviewers really is enough. Paper: 'Identifying the most (cost-)efficient regions for CO2 removal with Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean" (https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.167979670.07996683).
How does mineral dust affect the climate? (Slight cooling, but it's complicated) What do background variations in dust levels teach us about the likely effects of SRM & CDR? (Lots) Should we try to reduce anthropogenic mineral dust? (Probably not) How does reindeer poo fit into all of this? (You'll have to listen) Jasper Kok speaks to @geoengineering1 about his paper "Mineral dust aerosol impacts on global climate and climate change." https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367207625_Mineral_dust_aerosol_impacts_on_global_climate_and_climate_change
How do you model aerosol dispersal from an aircraft? Then, how do you integrate that into a climate model? Hongwei Sun explains his thesis to @geoengineering1 Paper: Developing a Plume-in-Grid Model for Plume Evolution in the Stratosphere Hongwei Sun, Sebastian Eastham, David Keith https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002816
How do ratings agencies work? How can you get into the lucrative and rewarding commercial CDR sector? Victoria Harvey from BeZero makes @geoengineering1 jealous with her meteoric career ascent.
NB some technical gremlins ruined @geoengineering1's audio quality after about 30m. We don't know why. Sorry!
Check out Be Zero's jobs. https://bezerocarbon.teamtailor.com/jobs
Read the CDR scaling report https://bezerocarbon.com/insights/carbon-removal-scalability-assessment-summary-report/
Meet Victoria at Carbon Unbound https://www.carbonunbound.com/
Garrett Boudinot (@FGBoudinot) of @vycarb schools @geoengineering1 on the challenges and opportunities of deploying ERW in Africa and India. Paper: "Enhanced Rock Weathering in the Global South: Exploring Potential for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity and Carbon dioxide Drawdown" https://precisiondev.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/IGSDPxD-ERW-Enhanced-Rock-Weathering-in-the-Global-South-26-02-23.pdf Other episodes relevant to this subject and discussed in the podcast are: Undo https://open.spotify.com/episode/5nrnPnP2vMZTPUmqlXUuwv?si=h2MwlPn3SqmCelAj8PT3Ig Vorrath (not discussed) https://open.spotify.com/episode/258H57AQpQD7hHSu1dPs5S?si=vm0aRtV6TX2kAT03Ulqwnw Smet (not discussed) https://open.spotify.com/episode/4gwhOQKQ7y3NwXmemvjDYH?si=-UHAsPNPSXuigE6Y9lahAg Tan https://open.spotify.com/episode/4WXebpjus1w7hvhyRcDkuH?si=gpZnwUZNT1-sDYrgzxap-g Wood (not discussed) https://open.spotify.com/episode/3y7DOabwoXwvmEDB3waNIZ?si=k7IC1qUySr6qIdNvUugHSQ Vicca (not discussed) https://open.spotify.com/episode/1Szp1892e4EEjdOXhtS1p2?si=lZSzXFZ2RheOCJO-91_fUw Rinder https://open.spotify.com/episode/5ZBTd1Fov5BWAy8Op5wUgx?si=S495DIKWSo-xlirtjsVhsg
What gives biochar its stability? How dependable is its carbon sequestration in soil? How can we optimise its source materials and manufacturing process, to store the maximum amount of carbon? Nikolas Hagemann explains his paper "Permanence of soil applied biochar." https://www.biochar-journal.org/en/ct/109-Permanence-of-soil-applied-biochar
Cafer Yavuz explains his revolutionary process for locking CO2 up into an inexpensive solid salt matrix, which allows it to be stored and transported as easily as sand. Paper: "Synthesis of stable single-crystalline carbon dioxide clathrate powder by pressure swing crystallization" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666386423001510?via%3Dihub
Alistair Duffey picks up the baton from Madelyn Hotaling's previous episode. He gives further comparison of several polar geoengineering technologies: SAI, MCB, CCT, and microspheres. Does any approach offer us a reliable and safe way to target the Arctic?
Paper discussed Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review Alistair Duffey, Peter Irvine, Michel Tsamados, Julienne Stroeve First published: 31 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003679
Additional paper mentioned Mixed-phase regime cloud thinning could help restore sea ice Citation D Villanueva et al 2022 Environ. Res. Lett. 17 114057 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aca16d
Ryan Anderson explains how Parallel Carbon calcines limestone at ambient temperature, using a membrane-free aqueous electrolysis process. Could this emergent technology be the cheapest and simplest way to integrate DAC with renewable energy?
Madelyn Hotaling effortlessly bats away a particularly gruesome inquisition from @geoengineering1, defending her work on arctic ice management. FYI paper discussion starts around 19 minutes in. Paper: Comparing Arctic Surface Albedo Modification Geoengineering Solutions Authors Madelyn Hotaling Lakewood Ranch High School Tammy Harper DOI: https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.3235
Bala schools @geoengineering1 on the mechanisms behind the monsoon (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, Indian Ocean Dipole, etc.), then explains what might go wrong if SAI is only done in the Northern Hemisphere. Paper: "Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370468285_Quantification_of_tropical_monsoon_precipitation_changes_in_terms_of_interhemispheric_differences_in_stratospheric_sulfate_aerosol_optical_depth
Eelco Rohling debunks some common myths about marine CDR. Paper: Marine methods for carbon dioxide removal: fundamentals and myth-busting for the wider community https://academic.oup.com/oocc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad004/7135823?login=false
Alec Feinberg compares SAI with surface albedo modification, CDR, and space mirrors. In a rare moment of clarity, @geoengineering1 notices he isn't keeping up. Paper 1: Solar Geoengineering to Stop Annual Global Warming. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369034073_Solar_Geoengineering_to_Stop_Annual_Global_Warming Paper 2 Solar Geoengineering Modeling and Applications for Mitigating Global Warming: Assessing Key Parameters and the Urban Heat Island Influence, Frontiers in Climate, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.870071
Joshua Horton (@JoshuaHorton533) tells @geoengineering1 which nations will dominate SRM research. Paper "Solar geoengineering research programs on national agendas: a comparative analysis of Germany, China, Australia, and the United States" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-023-03516-1
Einar Tyssen from removr.no talks about the firm and the plan to get zeolite DAC to 1Mtpa. Hosted by @geoengineering1. Part of Dirty Cash series on climate firms.
Linquan Mu and Jamie Palter explain the limitations of adding quicklime to rivers. Preprint paper: Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2022-1505/
Why sign SRM treaties? What makes them stable and useful? Do they need to be stated, or are norms enough? Niklas Lehmann tries to convince a skeptical @geoengineering1 of the usefulness of game theory for modelling key questions in international relations. Paper: Exploring the stability of solar geoengineering agreementshttps://econpapers.repec.org/paper/arxpapers/2210.09145.htm - Niklas V. Lehmann, October 2022
David Morrow returns! He discusses his unconventional transition from philosophy to integrated assessment modelling. @geoengineering1 gets schooled on how the GCAM model was modified to incorporate different CDR technologies, with varying levels of realism. Paper: "GCAM-CDR v1.0: enhancing the representation of carbon dioxide removal technologies and policies in an integrated assessment model" https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1105/2023/
Is it practical and sensible to turn deserts into forests, using desalination & irrigation? Upeksha Caldera discusses her new paper with @geoengineering1. Paper "Afforesting arid land with renewable electricity and desalination to mitigate climate change" (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-01056-7).
Naser Mahfouz explains some big problems with MCB to @geoengineering1. Can we fill in the knowledge gaps, before it's too late to use MCB? Paper: "The Radiative and Cloud Responses to Sea Salt Aerosol Engineering in GFDL Models" (https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022GL102340)
How can we merge the concepts of slippery slopes and the precautionary principle? James Andow explains how precautionary evaluation of risks can help us evaluate both the risks of ending up on a slippery slope to deployment, and the risks resulting from deployment. James argues that we need to concern ourselves with risks, not just inevitabilities, when considering slippery slopes. For additional reading discussed, see books "Innate" and "the WEIRDest people in the world". Paper: "Slippery Slope Arguments as Precautionary Arguments: A New Way of Understanding the Concern about Geoengineering Research" (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/ev/pre-prints/content-whp_ev_3729)
Un-do spreads crushed basalt on farms, and sells the carbon removals to Frontier. @geoengineering1 has concerns about scaling.
Andreas Hein entertains @geoengineering1 with more barmy space-based geoengineering nonsense. Expect moon dust, rail guns, space junk, cube sats and all sorts of other semi-relevant distractions. Paper: Transparent occulters: A nearly zero-radiation pressure sunshade to support climate change mitigationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.12.006
Peter Fiekowsky and @geoengineering1 discuss Iron Salt Aerosols. Do they work (in 14 different ways)? How can we know? Is Peter's new voluntary regulation body bona fide, or hopelessly compromised? Reviewer 2 asks all the important questions, but doesn't necessarily get definitive answers.
What counts as a tree, and how do you count trees? What do you do when you're surprised by a grizzly bear? How do you get data from despots? Will AI replace humans, when it comes to analysing ecological data? Do ecologists hibernate in winter? Jingjing Liang from Purdue answers all these questions, and more.
Xavier Dupla discusses heavy metal contamination of soil and water, following enhanced weathering soil treatment. How much is too much? And what can we have to to clean up toxic residues? Citation: Dupla, X., Möller, B., Baveye, P.C. and Grand, S. (2023), Potential accumulation of toxic trace elements in soils during enhanced rock weathering. Eur J Soil Sci. Accepted Author Manuscript e13343. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13343
Good morning, Reviewer 2 listeners. This is Pete Irvine from Challenging Climate. I've been a little disappointed by the Reviewer 2 crew starting a turf war with us, so I've decided to finish it. Today, Jesse and I have paid their studios a little visit - and it's safe to say I don't think we'll be having much trouble from Reviewer 2 in future. Right now, Jesse has @geoengineering1 down in the basement. - showing him the error of his ways. I'm sure he'll learn very quickly. Now, we don't want trouble with other podcasts - but if trouble comes, we I can assure you that we're ready for it. While you're waiting for the dentist to put Andrew's teeth back in, I hope you enjoy the Challenging Climate episode on Great Barrier Reef MCB.
Reviewer 2 reluctantly agrees to dish out another drubbing to "radical" economist Ron Baiman. @geoengineering1 discusses Ron's new paper on balancing short-term cooling - both local and global - with long-term CDR. Also, check out Ron's popular episode from last year on the Green New Deal. Links below: Paper "Our Two Climate Crises Challenge: Short-Run Emergency Direct Climate Cooling and Long-Run GHG Removal and Ecological Regeneration": https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/04866134221123626?journalCode=rrpa . (Healthy Planet Action Coalition (HPAC) preprint and presentation slides here: https://www.healthyplanetaction.org/presentations-guest-speaker-recordings .)Other documents referenced include: Baiman et al. HPAC 2023 "The Case for Urgent Direct Climate Cooling": https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TowThwi6j6cX3iLGBRrj22D30cYhKa_9/edit, IEA 2022 "Solar PV Global Supply Chains": https://www.iea.org/reports/solar-pv-global-supply-chains/executive-summary , and MacDougal et. al. Biogeosciences 2020: “Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2”: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-202
Hot off the press, Sara Nawaz, Terre Satterfield and Devin Todd discuss their brand new paper on DAC acceptance with @geoengineering1. This episode was prerecorded, during the paper's editorial process. Paper: Exploring public acceptability of direct air carbon capture with storage: climate urgency, moral hazards and perceptions of the ‘whole versus the parts’ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-023-03483-7
Can microwave regeneration eliminate the need for wasteful heating, in the DAC desorb step? @geoengineering1 interviews Fan Shi, McMahan Gray, and David Battaglia, from NETL. Paper: Energy-Efficient and Water-Saving Sorbent Regeneration at Near Room Temperature for Direct Air Capture. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2589234723000076
Max Franks and Frank Venmans are interviewed by Robert Höglund on how to price temporary carbon storage. Matthias Kalkuhl, Max Franks, Friedemann Gruner, Kai Lessmann, Ottmar Edenhofer https://www.cesifo.org/node/73501Frank Venmans and Ben Groom. Social value of offsets: https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/groom-vsce-121621-paper.pdfFrank et als paper on technological change that is mentioned: https://iaee2022.org/files/timetable/T000353_23_1.pdf
Jörg Schwinger presents work showing temperature overshoots can be recovered from, using CDR. @geoengineering1 finds lots to take issue with - model processes, intergenerational equity, and the risk of misinterpretation of superficially-reassuring studies. Paper: Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1641/2022/
Marion Hourdequin explains her paper, which criticised Horton & Keith's justifications for SRM research. Considering various types of justice, she explains why tech-bro solutions often meet such fierce resistance. Climate Change, Climate Engineering, and the ‘Global Poor’: What Does Justice Require?Marion Hourdequinhttps://doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2018.1562525
Britta Clark schools @geoengineering1 on "How to argue about solar geoengineering". This will only encourage him, and generally make him even more insufferable in future. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/japp.12643
Cameron Wood shows experimentally how phosphate fertilizers catalyse silicate weathering, but the lack of a techno-economic analysis (TEA) leaves @geoengineering1 with questions. Paper: Impacts of dissolved phosphorus and soil-mineral-fluid interactions on CO2 removal through enhanced weathering of wollastonite in soils https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292722003158
How do you compare biochar to DAC, or afforestation to enhanced weathering? Plug all the details into Solene Chiquier's galaxy brain, that's how. She's like the Oracle of Delphi (but much less weird). The podcast's paper: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/ee/d2ee01021fA comparative analysis of the efficiency, timing, and permanence of CO 2 removal pathways. Other useful links: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/YA/D2YA00108JCO2 removal and 1.5 °C: what, when, where, and how? - Energy Advances (RSC Publishing) - Royal Society of Chemistry ; Her thesis: https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/100826A book chapter on her AR framework: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/chapter/bk9781839161995-00244/978-1-83916-199-5
Donn Viviani & Dan Galpern look at how individual petitioners could put an end to US firms' deployment of SRM. Background info provided by guests: Current petition and lawsuit available at cprclimate.orgIn my 2015 petition I explicitly asked for a section 4 rule to develop data, if EPA lacked the information to make a risk finding. It could serve as a template for a geoengineering information request https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/petition_oa_tsca_2014_final_2.pdfthe denial is here https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OPPT-2015-0487-0001 Under the Administrative Procedure Act, any person may petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule (5 U.S.C. 553(e)). The petition will be addressed to the Secretary of the Interior, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. see https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-A/part-14NEPA National Environmental Policy Act: Each Agency has it's out set of NEPA guidelines and policies Here is a good overview from an ngo https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/petition_oa_tsca_2014_final_2.pdfEPAs NEPA guide is here https://www.epa.gov/nepa/national-environmental-policy-act-policies-and-guidance When does NEPA apply to obligate a private actor to undertake environmental analysis?The US Council on Environmental Quality published a nice little Citizen's Guide to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in 2007 and on p. 4 it noted, among other things, that:"[]Congress recognized that the Federal Government’s actionsmay cause significant environmental effects. The range of actions thatcause significant environmental effects is broad and includes issuingregulations, providing permits for private actions, funding privateactions, making federal land management decisions, constructingpublicly-owned facilities, and many other types of actions. Using theNEPA process, agencies are required to determine if their proposedactions have significant environmental effects and to consider theenvironmental and related social and economic effects of theirproposed actions."NEPA’s procedural requirements apply to a Federal agency’sdecisions for actions, including financing, assisting, conducting, orapproving projects or programs; agency rules, regulations, plans,policies, or procedures; and legislative proposals.7"NEPA applies when a Federal agency has discretion to choose among one or morealternative means of accomplishing a particular goal.8Frequently, private individuals or companies will become involvedin the NEPA process when they need a permit issued by a Federalagency. When a company applies for a permit (for example, forcrossing federal lands or impacting waters of the United States) theagency that is being asked to issue the permit must evaluate theenvironmental effects of the permit decision under NEPA. Federalagencies might require the private company or developer to pay forthe preparation of analyses, but the agency remains responsible forthe scope and accuracy of the analysis."
Dr. Maria-Elena Vorrathshares disturbing stories of sexual harassment and borderline modern slavery in academia. This episode also concludes discussion of PYMICCS from pt 1.
Maria-Elena Vorrath discusses the Pymiccs project, combining enhanced weathering and biochar https://cdrterra.de/en/consortia/pymiccs
Max Franks explores the link between the price for a carbon tax and the optimal subsidy for CDR. How and why do they differ? https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009506962200122X
Luke Iseman and Andrew Song from "Make Sunsets" explain why they've launched SAI balloons and sold cooling credits to customers.
After pausing to school @geoengineering1 on the rock cycle in pt1, Ingrid Smet from Fieldcode finally gets chance to describe her cotton field trials of enhanced weathering in Greece. https://www.carbon-drawdown.de/blog/2022-11-17-carbon-negativeclimate-positive-cotton-preliminary-results-of-the-very-first-enhanced-weathering-field-experiment-in-greece-in-2021 useful links: Fieldcode Climate Positivity efforts: https://fieldcode.com/en/why-us/climate-positivityWhy is Fieldcode setting up their own CDR project and how else do they contribute to CDR? 2021 Enhanced Weathering in Greece report: https://fieldcode.com/olivine_project_report/olivine_project_2021-progress_report.pdfLiterally each and every detail on the setup of Greece’s first EW field experiment, including all scientific data gathered in 2021 – starting off with a general introduction to Enhanced Weathering and research done so far Project Carbdown general blog page: https://www.carbon-drawdown.de/blogShort, informative, well explained blog posts about everything we learned and realised with regards to all aspects of EW since the start of Project Carbdown,For example:· Recent blog about the 1200 ton basalt to spread in 2023 with credits at 230 EUR/ton CO2: https://www.carbon-drawdown.de/blog/2022-12-14-how-cdr-with-rock-weathering-can-be-done-practically-and-profitably-part-1
Ingrid Smet brings @geoengineering1 up to speed on the chemical and geological processes behind enhanced weathering for carbon dioxide removal. Check pt2 for details of her experiment.
Robert Höglund argues that companies with low CO2 emissions should pay for high quality CDR. @geoengineering1 pushes back, on what amounts to a licence to pollute for dirty industries. Report: bridging the ambition gap https://carbongap.org/report-bridging-the-ambition-gap-a-framework-for-scaling-corporate-funds-for-carbon-removal-and-wider-climate-action/
Do CDR models serve to entrench existing societal injustices, or challenge them? Simon Hollnaicher tries to explain the answer to @geoengineering1, who interrupts more often than a BBC Radio 4 news presenter. Paper: Hollnaicher, S. (2022). On economic modeling of carbon dioxide removal: Values, bias, and norms for good policy-advising modeling. Global Sustainability, 5, E18. doi:10.1017/sus.2022.16
Can one governance system rule all technologies? Gabriel Weil defends his universal framework in the face of an absolute onslaught from @geoengineering1. Main paper Global Climate Governance in 3D: Mainstreaming Geoengineering within a Unified Framework University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 3, (2022) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3837950_code1648032.pdf?abstractid=3788661&type=2 Other works discussed. The Carbon Price Equivalent: A Metric for Comparing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts Across Jurisdictions, 125 Dick. L. Rev. 475 (2021): https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlr/vol125/iss2/4/#:~:text=The%20carbon%20price%20equivalent%20can,aggregate%20emissions%20over%20some%20period.
Individual Preferences in Policy Analysis: A Normative Framework 50 Tᴇx. Eɴᴠᴛʟ. L.J. 55 (2020): https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3424332
Mitigating Climate Change Through Transportation and Land Use Policy, 49 Eɴᴠᴛʟ. L. Rᴇᴘ. 10473 (2019, with Alejandro E. Camacho, Melissa L. Kelly, & Nicholas J. Marantz): https://www.law.uci.edu/centers/cleanr/news-pdfs/transportation-climate-change-report-elr.pdf
Incentive Compatible Climate Change Mitigation: Moving Beyond the Pledge and Review Model, 42 Wᴍ. & Mᴀʀʏ Eɴᴠᴛʟ. L. & Pᴏʟ'ʏ Rᴇᴠ. 923 (2018): https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1714&context=wmelpr
Subnational Climate Mitigation Policy: A Framework for Analysis, 23 Colo. J. Int'l Envtl. L. & Pol'y 285 (2012): https://www.colorado.edu/law/sites/default/files/WEIL%20_corrected_.pdf
Costs, Contributions, and Climate Change: How Important Are Universal Emissions Commitments?, 23 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 321 (2011): https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gintenlr23÷=13&id=&page=&t=1558026170
This isn't really a Reviewer 2 episode, it's just some audio we had lying around. We decided to use it, as we have been too lazy to do a proper episode.
Robert was too lazy to to write a paper, but his blog got quite a lot of attention, so we let him on. Blog: What is the value of temporary carbon removal? https://roberthoglund.medium.com/is-there-value-in-temporary-carbon-removal-84aa69a7c428
Wilfried Rickels' paper proposes a central bank to subsidise CDR and control carbon permit prices. What could possibly go wrong? Paper: Removal Certificate Reserves to Manage Carbon Prices on the Path to Net-Zero Author links open overlay https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102858
We're back, after an extended period of laziness! Lauren schools us on modelling and emulating Volcanic Climate Impacts. Paper: Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions Lauren R. Marshall et al https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
Could SRM trigger a catastrophe that kills billions? Aaron Tang and Gideon Futurman treat this subject with the seriousness you'd expect from Reviewer 2, as they giggle their way through the episode like a couple of drunken, potty-mouthed schoolgirls https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2108146119
Julian Turecek from AspiraDAC and Rohan Gillespie from Southern Green Gas discuss modular DAC using MOFs with @geoengineering1 . Reviewer 2 (and its individual contributors) is not affiliated with or endorsing the capital raise discussed in this show. Seek professional advice before investing. Capital is at risk in most equity investments.
Shikha Bhasin from the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (ceew.in) explains how the Montreal protocol could be a key tool to regulate SRM. Paper: https://www.ceew.in/publications/solar-geoengineering-and-montreal-protocol
Benjamin Sovacool gives @geoengineering1 a bad case of imposter syndrome, with his monster opinion survey of expert views. Papers discussed:
Climate protection or privilege? A whole systems justice milieu of twenty negative emissions and solar geoengineering technologies https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629822001160 Risk–risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional, technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways tradeoffs https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/risa.13932
Ben Rubin defends the Carbon Business Council from an attempted mauling by @geoengineering1 https://www.carbonbusinesscouncil.org/
https://twitter.com/CO2Council
https://www.linkedin.com/company/carbonbusinesscouncil/
https://www.carbonbusinesscouncil.org/news/launch
Wake Smith explains two recent papers on aviation to @geoengineering1. The first deals with low altitude (13kms) polar deployment, using existing aircraft concepts. The second deals with deployment at 25kms, which adds cost and complexity over the usual 20kms injection patterns in the literature. Links https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1663044/v1 and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ac4f5d
It's all about fracking! Sasha Wilson explains carbon negative oil to the covid-zombie formerly known as @geoengineering1. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292722001494
Unlocking the potential of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water for CO2 removal via mineral carbonation
Bizhou Zhu, Siobhan A. Wilson, Nina Zeyen, Maija J. Raudsepp, Ashkan Zolfaghari, Baolin Wang, Ben J. Rostron, Katherine N. Snihur, Konstantinvon Gunten, Anna L. Harrison, Daniel S. Alessi
Ilaria Quaglia explains what's potentially the most important SRM paper in over 10 years to @geoengineering1 Paper: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/5757/2022/
An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide Ilaria Quaglia, Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, and Ben Kravitz
Michael Diamond gives a very one-sided interview with a muted @geoengineering1, explaining when we should stop researching MCB. Paper: To assess marine cloud brightening's technical feasibility, we need to know what to study—and when to stop
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118379119
Chad M. Baum discusses his expert elicitation work on space mirrors. (Reading list / glossary below paper link) Paper: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 158, April 2022, 112179 Between the sun and us: Expert perceptions on the innovation, policy, and deep uncertainties of space-based solar geoengineering Authors: Chad M.Baum, Sean Low; Benjamin K.Sovacool.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112179. Acronyms CDR Carbon Dioxide Removal GEO Geosynchronous Orbit GENIE (project) GeoEngineering and Negative Emissions Pathways in Europe IPSS Inter Planetary Sun Shade ISS International Space Station LEO Low-Earth Orbit NETs Negative Emissions Technologies RSER (journal) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (since I messed it up initially) SAI Stratospheric Aerosol Injection SEL Sun-Earth Lagrange point SRM Solar Radiation Management
Other peer-reviewed articles from the GENIE project:
Low, S., Baum, C.M., & Sovacool, B.K. (2022). Rethinking Net-Zero systems, spaces, and societies: “Hard” versus “soft” alternatives for nature-based and engineered carbon removal. Global Environmental Change, 75, 102530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102530
Low, S., Baum, C. M., & Sovacool, B. K. (2022). Taking it outside: Exploring social opposition to 21 early-stage experiments in radical climate interventions. Energy Research & Social Science, 90, 102594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102594
Sovacool, B.K., Baum, C.M., & Low, S. (2022). Risk-risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional, technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways. Risk Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13932
Solar sails:
Matloff, G., Bangs, C., & Johnson, L. (2014). Harvesting Space for a Greener Earth. Springer: Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9426-3 Roy, K I. (2001). “Solar Sails: An Answer to Global Warming?” presented at STAIF 2001 Albuquerque, NM, February 11-14. Available at: http://www.ultimax.com/whitepapers/2001_3a.html.
On some of the more interesting proposals, these are relevant:
Kennedy, R. G., Roy, K. I., & Fields, D. E. (2013). Dyson Dots: Changing the solar constant to a variable with photovoltaic lightsails. Acta Astronautica, 82(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.022
Angel, R. (2006). Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 17184-9.
IRS and Airbus (2020). International Planetary Sun Shield (IPSS) - Gigasails in Space. IPSS High-level Concept. The Institute of Space Systems (IRS) and Airbus Defence & Space: Bremen, Germany
And concerning modelling studies, here are the two I specified:
Lunt, D. J., Ridgwell, A., Valdes, P. J., & Seale, A. (2008). “Sunshade World”: A fully coupled GCM evaluation of the climatic impacts of geoengineering. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(12), L12710. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033674
Sánchez, J.-P., & McInnes, C.R. (2015). Optimal Sunshade Configurations for Space-Based Geoengineering near the Sun-Earth L1 Point, PLoS One, 10(8), e0136648.
Various SciFi ones:
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250264930/sweepofstars
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13651.The_Dispossessed (and what failed me in the moment, was The Hainish Cycle, as the name for the whole series)
https://www.kimstanleyrobinson.info/content/mars-trilogy
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/414999.Childhood_s_End
Will Grant explores moral hazard, and capital & cultural lock in. Hosted by Aryan Gupta https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14614529211069839
What do we mean when we talk about the moral hazard of geoengineering?
Katelyn Tsipiras, Will J. Grant
Simone Tilmes discusses ozone changes in the geoengineering model Intercomparison project (GeoMIP) with @geoengineering1. Paper: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/4557/2022/
Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations Simone Tilmes, Daniele Visioni, Andy Jones, James Haywood, Roland Séférian, Pierre Nabat, Olivier Boucher, Ewa Monica Bednarz, and Ulrike Niemeier
In this fact-packed monster episode, Matthew Realff brings news of Georgia Tech's amazing fibre DAC sorbents. Then he EVENTUALLY gets round to talking about his actual paper, as well as explaining lots about the fundamental cost and energy efficiency limits of DAC. @geoengineering1 was loving all the new info. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ghg.2136
Assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low-carbon energy sources
Steffen Fahr, Julian Powell, Alice Favero, Anthony J. Giarrusso, Ryan P. Lively, Matthew J. Realff
Florian Rabitz speaks to @geoengineering1 about AI, gene drives, SRM and how these can be regulated. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000039
A preliminary framework for understanding the governance of novel environmental technologies: Ambiguity, indeterminateness and drift;
Florian Rabitz, Marian Feist, Matthias Honegger, Joshua Horton, Sikina Jinnah, Jesse Reynolds
Thomas Deschamps explains to @geoengineering1 how to race-tune the Climeworks DAC plant, using Aspen chemical engineering software. Paper: Modeling of Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption for Direct Air Capture Using Aspen Adsorption https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4020015
Meenesh Singh speaks to @geoengineering1 about the paper "Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions" https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE03018C
How efficient can DAC plants be? Aryan Gupta interviews Ryan M Long-Innes on his paper https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/handle/1828/13681
Thermodynamic analysis of a direct air carbon capture plant with directions for energy efficiency improvements
@JesseLReynolds speaks to @geoengineering1 about the Climate Overshoot Commission Launch https://www.overshootcommission.org/ @overshoot_comm
Moa Sporre schools @geoengineering1 on what happens to aerosols that fall out of the stratosphere and into cirrus clouds. Prior project mentioned: CARIBIC project (nowadays part of IAGOS): https://www.caribic-atmospheric.com Paper discussed: Sporre, M. K., Friberg, J., Svenhag, C., Sourdeval, O., & Storelvmo, T. (2022). Springtime stratospheric volcanic aerosol impact on midlatitude cirrus clouds. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL096171. https://doi. org/10.1029/2021GL096171
Aryan Gupta interviews John Barry Gallagher from the University of Tasmania. They discuss the complexities of calculating whether seaweed is carbon negative or not. Paper: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsac011/6525671?
Seaweed ecosystems may not mitigate CO2 emissions
John Barry Gallagher, Victor Shelamoff, Cayne Layton
Fabrice Lambert discusses the role of natural ocean iron fertilization in glacial periods, and what this means for artificial OIF today. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X20306191
"Regional patterns and temporal evolution of ocean iron fertilization and CO2 drawdown during the last glacial termination"
Aviation specialist Wake Smith is interviewed by @aryangupta___ on his forthcoming book, "Pandora's Toolbox". Book link: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/pandoras-toolbox/A9713F26408DE0A2423A466FD6B882BF
Are low sulfur marine fuels causing termination shock? Leon Simons gives R2 some very bad news. Citation: Climate Impact of Decreasing Atmospheric Sulphate Aerosols and the Risk of a Termination Shock DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.22778.62408
Bala continues his discussion with an interesting exploration of the challenges of integrating the global South into research and negotiations on geoengineering
Bala explains monsoons, and how single hemisphere geoengineering might affect them. Paper: Krishnamohan, K.S., Bala, G. Sensitivity of tropical monsoon precipitation to the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injections. Clim Dyn (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06121-z
Ishita Mundra debuts as presenter, interviewing Amanda Borth on the role of the private sector in combined SRM and CDR scenarios. Paper: The private sector to the rescue? Analysis of a hypothetical scenario of SG deployment https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328721001191
Gernot Wagner talks about genocide, death threats, and the corruption of academia. He's not a man you want to mess with. So, when he tries to sell you his book, you're going to do exactly as you're told. Understand?
Pete Irvine is a stalwart of SRM. Here, he makes the case for its continued consideration as a policy option. This comes at a time when ongoing research on SRM is being subject to one of its most determined challenges yet.
Soheil Shayegh tries and fails to convince @geoengineering1 that abstract models of international cooperation offer useful insights into the behaviour of nations. Paper https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72372-9_10
Regulating Geoengineering: International Competition and Cooperation
Soheil Shayegh, Garth Heutel, Juan Moreno-Cruz
Aaron Cooper @AMCooper86 and Gideon Futerman @GFuterman discuss the International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering letter from https://www.solargeoeng.org/ @SolarGeoeng
The Cornell Mafia are taking over the Arctic. Walker Lee explains how their high-latitude, low-altitude scheme works. It's an offer you can't refuse.
Can Metal Organic Frameworks and Zeolites be used for Direct Air Capture? Spoiler: no. Paper link https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06924
Tara Righetti discusses her book chapter on enhanced oil recovery and how it can become part of a low carbon future. This chapter is at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72372-9_9
David Morrow shows how you can make up nonsense about Bruce Willis and still get it published in a journal. Next level mastery, for all those who struggle to get proper work published. Paper: From fAIrplay to climate wars: making climate change scenarios more dynamic, creative, and integrative Link: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss4/art30/
Can lighting up tropical forests at night store carbon in a practical way? Gao discusses the possibility and its challenges with @geoengineering1 https://esd.copernicus.org/preprints/esd-2021-85/
Sara Vicca schools @geoengineering1 on biotic silicate weathering. He, meanwhile, screws up the audio production to previously unimagined levels of dire incompetence.
Amanda Borth from George Mason discusses whether geoengineering is covered effectively in the media. Reviewer 2 recalls his days of freelance writing, and paints a far less rosy picture of both the media and its cosy political relationship with academia. Paper link https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2002711
Can your humble bathroom mirror be the basis of a terrestrial solar geoengineering scheme? Ye Tao looks at scaling this simple solution - with the surprise bonus of a huge reduction in solar energy costs, when compared to sulfur aerosols.
What are the social and political barriers to scaling CDR? Symons and @geoengineering1 discuss first-movers and a public goods framing. They then consider obstructions to progress: carbon accounting, climate justice, tech investment, and financial incentives. Paper: - The international politics of carbon dioxide removal: pathways to cooperative global governance. Bryan Maher, Jonathan Symons. https://research-management.mq.edu.au/admin/files/178643624/GEP_Maher_Symons_Accepted_Version_GEP.pdf
Warmed by ocean currents and geothermal heat, Icelandic ice caps are in an unusual situation. How would they be affected by SRM? John Moore from Beijing Normal University is in discussion with @geoengineering1 (who is uncharacteristically well-behaved). Paper: Insensitivity of mass loss of Icelandic Vatnajökull ice cap to solar geoengineering https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-318/
The actual Reviewer 2 Jesse Reynolds becomes our Reviewer 2 and interviews Daniel Heyen on his coalition formation paper. "Solar geoengineering governance: a dynamic framework of farsighted coalition formation" https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010
Mariia Belaia is an economist, who used the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model to argue that over half of climate change may optimally be addressed using SRM. @geoengineering1 is so horrified that he turns into an actual commie, live on air. Paper reference: OPTIMAL CLIMATE POLICY IN 3D: MITIGATION, CARBON REMOVAL, AND SOLAR GEOENGINEERING MARIIA BELAIA, JUAN B. MORENO-CRUZ and DAVID W. KEITH https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007821500081
David Mitchell explains cirrus cloud thinning in detail, and why climate models without mountains get it badly wrong. There is no paper reference here, but there are some hard lessons about the peer review process! NB this episode has been clumsily edited to disguise various errors made by @geoengineering1
Can natural ocean processes help us understand how ocean CDR might work? Discussion of "Seeking natural analogs to fast-forward the assessment of marine CO2 removal " with Lennart Bach and @geoengineering1 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106147118
Does the carbon footprint of Direct Air Capture negate its environmental benefits? Balint Simon discusses his paper, "Material flows and Embodied Energy of Direct Air Capture". This episode was presented by (genuine expert) guest Reviewer 2 Matteo Gazzani, who even seemed to have read the paper! 10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-bpg5d
Julian Hunt relives the highest of high modernism with his cold war style project to divert northern rivers and deliberately melt the Arctic. This will apparently help global warming - or so he says. Paper: Cooling down the world oceans and the earth by enhancing the North Atlantic Ocean current. SN Applied Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1755-y [pure.iiasa.ac.at/16202]
Nan Wang explains why bigger CCS projects are more likely to fail. "What went wrong? Learning from three decades of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) pilot and demonstration projects" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112546
News from @gfuterman and @geoengineering1 covering IPCC, Holly Jean Buck & tribalism, Australian MCB trials, Andy Parker on slippery slope, and much else
Global Thermostat founder Peter Eisenberger steamrollers Andrew (@geoengineering1) in this challenging interview about his company's controversial culture, and its relationship with Exxon.
Comrade Rinberg and Comrade Bergman discuss their revolutionary alkalinity concentration swing CDR. This will be deployed after they've organised an uprising to replace the borgeois capitalist hegemony. @geoengineering1 wishes they'd just get on with making some cash out of their idea, so we can all get it sooner.
How do ethics considerations affect the choices made by researchers as they propose and optimise geoengineering models? Paper link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039368121000182
Values in early-stage climate engineering: The ethical implications of “doing the research”
Jude Galbraith
What happens underground, when we try to store billions of tonnes of CO2? Andrew finds out (while noisily defrosting his freezer). Paper: Alkalinity Generation Constraints on Basalt Carbonation for Carbon Dioxide Removal at the Gigaton-per-Year Scale: Benjamin M. Tutolo, Adedapo Awolayo, and Calista Brown. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02733
This episode has it all: Slippery slopes; Santa; Nazis; luxury beliefs; Henry Ford; Putin; cattle raids; and apostrophes. Nearly 2h of tangents and squabbles make this episode our longest and maybe the most on-brand ever. Paper reference: Individual difference in slippery slope beliefs predict outgroup negativity - Levi Adelman, et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104141
Andrew gets thoroughly confused, as Thomas Aubry discusses how volcanoes might change in a warmer world. Three papers discussed: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/305/2016/ https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/20/eabe3416 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18352-5
Dr. Thomas J. Aubry Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow - Department of Geography, University of Cambridge Research Fellow - Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge https://sites.google.com/view/thomasjaubry/ Google Scholar https://twitter.com/ThomasJAubry
Ron Baiman and Andrew do not play nicely together - they argue, bicker and squabble about geoengineering and a Green New Deal. Paper reference: "In Support of a Renewable Energy and Materials Economy: A Global Green New Deal That Includes Arctic Sea Ice Triage and Carbon Cycle Restoration" Review of Radical Political Economics DOI: 10.1177/04866134211032396
Jeroen Oomen, postdoc at Utrecht, on geo-engineering (AKA geotechnical engineering) vs geoengineering (AKA climate engineering). 1 subject, or 2? Family by blood or marriage? You decide who's right! Paper link: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.732 Would you like to come on the Reviewer 2 Does Geoengineering podcast to discuss your work? Contact us on twitter! @reviewer2geo Suggestions and feedback are also welcome! As always, thanks for listening!
Will tech billionaires and their fan clubs change the climate for a hobby? All the paper's authors come to trade blows with Reviewer 2 (except David Morrow, because reasons). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328721001208
Reflections on a hypothetical decentralized grassroots deployment solar geoengineering scenario
Anne Pasek, David Morrow, Walker Lee, Tyler Felgenhauer
Could crop albedo modification reduce regional warming over Australia? Weather and Climate Extremes Volume 30, December 2020, 100282, Jatin Kala, Annette L.Hirsch https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094719302385
In this episode, Andrew welcomes guest Matteo Gazzani from Utrecht University, to discuss the paper "A comparative energy and costs assessment and optimization for direct air capture technologies".
You can check the paper here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.023
As always, thanks for listening! And feel free to contact us on twitter @reviewer2geo for suggestions/feedback!
In this episode, Andrew is joined by Thomas Rinder from University of Salzburg, to talk about the paper "The influence of particle size on the potential of enhanced basalt weathering for carbon dioxide removal - Insights from a regional assessment"
You can check Rinder's paper here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128178
As always, thanks for listening! Feel free to send sugestions/feedback on twitter @reviewer2geo
See you all next episode!
In this episode, Andrew is joined by paper's "Direct Air Capture via Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower" author Xiaoxiao Li, from the Chongqing University.
You can check the paper here: DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103375
As always, thanks for listening! And feel free to contact us on twitter @reviewer2geo for suggestions/feedback!
In this episode, Andrew welcomes Mei Chee Tan and Hong Yee Low, from the Singapore University of Technology and Design, to talk about their paper Textured carbon capture composite (C3) films for distributed direct air capture in urban spaces.
You can find the paper here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100145
Thanks for listening! And feel free to contact us on twitter @reviewer2geo for suggestions/feedback. See you there!
Jakob Rønning, Title: "Alkaline minerals as a tool to mitigate ocean acidification and facilitate CO2 from the atmosphere". Conclusion: "olivine and dolomite are most promising candidates for OAE, while limestone has the opposite effect on seawater chemistry. Therefore be cautious with limestone". University of Southern Denmark, Biology, Nordcee
Amelse, J.; Behrens, P.K. Sequestering Biomass for Natural, Efficient, and Low-Cost Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide. Preprints 2021, 2021060212 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202106.0212.v2
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202106.0212/v2
Ross is the Executive Director of the Planetary Sunshade Foundation, organizing research on space-based geoengineering. https://planetarysunshade.org
In this episode, Sudhanshu Jain, comments the paper that presents two methods for the lab-scale formation of aerosols of nanosized particles of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) with potential for use in Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI), a Solar Radiation Management (SRM) technique. You can find the paper here: https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0205.1
Thanks for listening! You can contact us at twitter with feedback, comments and/or suggestions @reviewer2geo
In this episode, student Gideon Futerman welcomes researcher Daniele Visioni to discuss the event Solar Geoengineering: Warnings from Scientists, Indigenous Peoples, Youth, and Climate Activists that happened on the 9th june 2021. You can check the recording of the event here: https://youtu.be/Sqlt5lqDpY8
Daniele Visioni is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher at Cornell University, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, working with prof. Douglas MacMartin on the newly funded Geoengineering Assessment across Uncertainties, Scenarios, and Strategies GAUSS project. His research is currently focused on studying Sulfate Geoengineering, a form of climate engineering that aims to partially, temporarily, offset the effects of climate change by means of injecting sulfate precursors in the stratosphere in order to reflect a small part of the incoming solar radiation and thus reduce global temperatures.
The article discussed by Digdaya et al is at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18232-y
For some background to this research:
http://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_860000_en.html
Pengfei Yu is a co-author in this ground breaking paper titled "Toward practical stratospheric aerosol albedo modification: Solar-powered lofting"
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/20/eabe3416/tab-article-info provides links to the article and all author information.
Jens Hartmann (Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil.) of the Institute for Geology / Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability at Universität Hamburg / Bundesstrasse 55 / D-20146 Hamburg discusses with Andrew his work on enhanced weathering. Jens has kindly included some fantastic links to his work below.
1) Goldschmidt-Link
https://2021.goldschmidt.info/goldschmidt/2021/meetingapp.cgi/Symposium/19
2) Abstract-Link
https://2021.goldschmidt.info/goldschmidt/2021/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/6179
3) Carbdown-Link
Introducing “Project Carbdown”: Our first “enhanced weathering” field trial aims to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere — Carbon Drawdown Initiative (carbon-drawdown.de)
Selected publications supporting other concepts discussed in the episode:
1) Ideas and Perspectives: Synergies from co-deplyment of negative emission technologies
Link (open access): https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/2949/2019/
2) Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification
Link (open access)https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rog.20004
3) Figure showing Co-Benefits: Attached. With permission of Jens Hartmann and Thorben Amann.
Tyler Felgenhauer discusses his exciting paper on the politics of solar geoengineeering research specifically in relation to the U.S policy agenda. A must listen.
Felgenhauer, T., Horton, J., & Keith, D. (2021). Solar geoengineering research on the U.S. policy agenda: when might its time come? Environmental Politics, 1-21. doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1933763
Tyler Felgenhauer is Director of Climate Research at the Duke Center on Risk, and a Research Scientist with the Modeling Environmental Risks and Decisions Group (MERDG), at Duke University. His research examines the climate-society system and options for responding to climate change risk in an integrated way, drawing on approaches from systems analysis, modeling, decision analysis, and other analytical methods from public policy, economics, and political science.
Andrew and Walker discussed a wide variety of things - here are some useful links:
Aluminum increases net carbon fixation by marine diatoms and decreases their decomposition: Evidence for the iron–aluminum hypothesis - https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11784
Solar geoengineering can alleviate climate change pressures on crop yields - https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00278-w
Mission Zero Technologies: https://missionzero.tech
Heirloom: https://www.heirloomcarbon.com
The Future Forest Company: https://thefutureforestcompany.com
CarbonBuilt: https://www.carbonbuilt.com
Running Tide: https://www.runningtide.com
Some links discussed in the program:
https://www.heirloomcarbon.com
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/597
https://twitter.com/peteirvine/status/1389199061060829185?s=08
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/15/e1921854118
Discussing her current paper, Clarissa Kroll talks to Andrew about the impact of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric water vapour in the tropics.
Her paper is currently in review at ACP : https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-1191/
Kroll, C. A., Dacie, S., Azoulay, A., Schmidt, H., and Timmreck, C.: The Impact of Volcanic Eruptions of Different Magnitude on Stratospheric Water Vapour in the Tropics, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1191, in review, 2020.
A great dive into the depths of aerosol dynamics for the Harvard SCoPEx experiment in Sweden, which as everyone knows has just been postponed until 2022. As usual reviewer 2 is right at the heart of the divisive issue of research in this area. See below for the article Colleen has been working on for several years.
Comments please as usual to twitter @reviewer2geo or @geoengineering1 or clare_nomad_geo
https://keith.seas.harvard.edu/people/colleen-golja
Aerosol Dynamics in the Near Field of the SCoPEx Stratospheric Balloon Experiment
C. M. Golja L. W. Chew J. A. Dykema D. W. Keith
First published: 01 February 2021
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033438
Eliot Peper is the author of Veil, one of only a handful of novels written about SRM. He talks to Andrew on the show about his interest in the subject, and the creative and business process of being a novelist. This episode is a super interesting foray into a fiction genre of which both of us at reviewer 2 are big fans, (Clare is reading it at the moment). Eliot is a successful writer and has written a number of novels which you can find at his website below.
https://www.eliotpeper.com
https://twitter.com/eliotpeper
Our guest this week is Mike Wolovick, a Postdoctoral Researcher at the College of Global Change and Earth Systems Science, Beijing Normal University. Mike and Andrew discuss how glaciers might be slowed down using a variety of engineering techniques. See the paper Andrew, Mike wrote
Get in touch with us on twitter @reviewer2geo or Andrew on @geoengineering1 or or me, Clare @clare_nomad_geo
Papers for Mike Wolovick
Lockley et al., 2020 Glacier geoengineering to address sea-level rise: A geotechnical approach https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2020.11.008Moore et al. (2018): https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03036-4 (Nature comment, three methods)
Wolovick and Moore (2018): https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/2955/2018/ (TC paper, artificial sills in more detail)
Hunt and Byers (2019): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11027-018-9831-y (crude engineering treatment of berms vs thin barriers)
Frieler et al. (2016): https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/7/203/2016/ (pumping water up onto East Antarctica)
Feldmann et al. (2019): https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/7/eaaw4132 (pumping water up onto West Antarctica)
Pippa Gawley is an experienced investor (with a science and investing background) and here explains the how and why of companies that show promise in climate change tech might be chosen for investment at the gritty starting point. A fascinating insight especially for our academic listeners who should be interested in how interesting tech gets off the ground.
https://www.zerocarbon.capital/pippa-gawley
Raymond Tan is probably the most prolific and experienced academic ever to have his work rejected by Reviewer 2. Here, he discusses analysis of the impact of large scale Enhanced Weathering on the wider economy and environment (while being rudely interrupted).
Article: On life-cycle sustainability optimization of enhanced weathering systems, The Journal of Cleaner Production
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652621000561
The fantastic @eaterofsun AKA Oliver Morton author of many books and articles including
-The Moon: A History for the Future
-The Planet remade: How Geoengineering could change the world
Oliver chats to Andrew about geoengineering, terra forming and the moon amongst other things. A fascinating podcast and thank you Oliver for coming on the show!
Comments and suggestions as usual to @reviewer2geo or @geoengineering1 or @clare_nomad_geo
Welcome to another instalment from Zhen Dai, here to talk about her latest paper:
"Experimental reaction rates constrain estimates of ozone response to calcium carbonate geoengineering"
Zhen Dai, Debra K. Weisenstein, Frank N. Keutsch & David W. Keith
Communications Earth & Environment volume 1, Article number: 63 (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00058-7?s=03
As usual please tell all your friends and colleagues about the show, and consider coming on as a guest or guest host. Comments and suggestions are most welcome!
reviewer2geo@gmail.com
@reviewer2geo
@geoengineering1
@clare_nomad_geo
The cost of stratospheric aerosol injection through 2100
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba7e7
Stratospheric aerosol injection tactics and costs in the first 15 years of deployment
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae98d
Thank you for your comments. We have shortened and edited the episode. It is packed with news and commentary, some of the articles are below, not all fit under the word count for the podcast description. Please continue with the feedback.
Possible climate transitions from breakup of stratocumulus decks under greenhouse warming Nature Geoscience volume 12, pages163–167(2019) https://t.co/L9riE6fgEE?amp=1
@JesseLReynolds Is solar geoengineering ungovernable? A critical assessment of governance challenges identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
First published: 11 November 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.690
David Keith tweet
Cool new paper from Tapio Schneider. If SRM interacts with convection in unexpected ways then agreement in GeoMIP models just encourages overconfidence
Solar geoengineering may not prevent strong warming from direct effects of CO2 on stratocumulus cloud cover. PNAS first published November 16, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003730117
@CEMEX and Synhelion talked with @GlobalCement
Magazine about how they want to replace fossil fuels with #solar heat in cement plants.
Read pages 26-28: https://globalcement.com/magazine/back-issues/dec-2020
https://solarpaces.org/cemex-and-synhelion-to-demo-zero-co2-cement/…
SRMGI/DECIMALS, which supports solar geo research in developing countries. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abbf13…
JensFriis Lund tweet
I'm in good scholarly company here criticizing Shell's offsetting scheme “Worse than doing nothing”: Shell’s REDD offsets in Indonesia and Peru https://redd-monitor.org/2020/11/19/worse-than-doing-nothing-shells-redd-offsets-in-indonesia-and-peru/
"Right now the entities best poised to do this are fossil fuel companies,” @hollyjeanbuck says, "Do we allow them to reconfigure themselves as carbon removal companies – or would that evade reparative and corrective justice?” https://vice.com/en/article/akdvy4/carbon-capture-storage-oil-companies-profit… via @vice
Oil Companies Want to Get Even Richer Sucking Their Own Emissions Out of the Air
Mark Carney oversees blueprint for scaling up carbon market as offset demand soars https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/11/10/mark-carney-oversees-blueprint-scaling-carbon-market-offset-demand-soars/
https://conserwater.com Using our AIs, we are launching the world's first international soil carbon market where corporations, governments and individuals can pay to offset their carbon dioxide emissions, and farmers can get paid to increase their soil carbon levels. Sign up today to fight climate change!
INEA tweet (Innovation and networks executive agency EU)
Read all about the groundbreaking
@CarbFix agreements against #climatechange with @Climeworks
& #ONpower to significantly scale-up carbon removal & storage in #Iceland. Article
https://europa.eu/!CF74DQ Project https://europa.eu/!bR47nP
D'Maris Coffman tweet/Andrew Lockley paper
State commissioning of Solar Radiation Management geoengineering https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21550085.2020.1848176#.X7u4G-bp2qM.twitter…
Published: 06 October 2020
Assessing Carbon Capture: Public Policy, Science, and Societal Need. A Review of the Literature on Industrial Carbon Removal June Sekera & Andreas Lichtenberger Biophysical Economics and Sustainability volume 5, Article number: 14 (2020) Cite this article
Henning Franke is at the Max-Planck Institute researching the quasi-biennial oscillation in a warming climate. His paper with additional authors Ulrike Neimeier and Dan Visioni has been accepted for review by Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics.
Differences in the QBO response to stratospheric aerosol modification depending on injection strategy and species
https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-1104/
Please see below links for articles mentioned this week.
Comments and suggestions are always welcome: reviewer2@gmail.com @reviewer2geo @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Please contact us if you want to come on the show or be a host for an episode and show us how it should be done.
Prisoners of the Wrong Dilemma: Why Distributive Conflict, Not Collective Action, Characterizes the Politics of Climate Change Michaël Aklin and Matto Mildenberger https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/glep_a_00578
The Smart Money Is Investing In Carbon Credits
https://www.xpansiv.com/2020/08/27/cbl-markets-launches-global-emissions-offset-a-tradeable-product-and-carbon-benchmark/
Drax expresses support for Northern Endurance Partnership
http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/17490/drax-expresses-support-for-northern-endurance-partnership/
Stop an arctic thaw with geoengineering?
https://bangordailynews.com/2020/10/26/opinion/contributors/geoengineering-could-be-our-last-chance-to-stop-an-arctic-thaw/
BIG OIL MORPHS INTO BIG CARBON REMOVAL?
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-27/carbon-dioxide-removal-industry-could-rival-oil-and-gas-in-climate-fight?sref=twBqzIJU Study is here https://www.unpri.org/an-investor-guide-to-negative-emission-technologies-and-the-importance-of-land-use/6644.article Big money ? Vivid Economics report https://www.unpri.org/download?ac=11980
PROBLEMS WITH LAND BASED OFFSETS
https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2020/10/22/up-in-smoke-california-fires-once-again-highlight-dangers-of-forest-offsets/
If humans design the planet: A call for psychological scientists to engage with climate engineering.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-78671-001
Holly Buck/Jay Fuhrman Article on Adaptation and Carbon Capture
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2590332220304772
Richard King and Duncan Brack guest post on C2G CDR should add to, but not replace, conventional abatement
https://www.c2g2.net/land-based-carbon-dioxide-removal-as-urgent-and-as-difficult-a-policy-challenge-as-ever/?_cldee=Y2xhcmVAa2luZ3NzcXVhcmUuY28udWs%3d&recipientid=contact-1df4ecb78a0ceb11a813000d3a4f62e7-c30f04460e334f17b8a1076549383819&esid=37304a9b-1419-eb11-a813-000d3a4f62e7
SUPERWHITE PAINT CAN COOL BUILDINGS EVEN IN HOT SUN
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2257749-superwhite-paint-can-cool-buildings-even-in-hot-sunlight/#ixzz6biKFSNAS
Crowther goes in again -Soils and CO2/Biodiversity http://bit.ly/2Np2R5Z
Tim Cadman's details are:
Griffith: https://experts.griffith.edu.au/9679-timothy-cadman
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-cadman-50913917
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Timothy_Cadman
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-5018
Here is the most relevant publication:
Radunsky, K. and Cadman, T., 2019. Governing the Sun: The Challenges of Geoengineering. The International Journal of Social Quality, 9(2), pp.19-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2019.090203
Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems
2016-12-01 | book
DOI: 10.4324/9781315442365ISBN: 9781315442365
The Political Economy of Sustainable Development 2015 | book
DOI: 10.4337/9781783474844
Quality and Legitimacy of Global Governance: Case Lessons from Forestry
2011 | book
DOI: 10.1057/9780230306462
Representing Whose Access and Allocation Interests? Stakeholder Perceptions and Interests Representation in Climate Governance
Transformative Climates and Accountable Governance
2019 | book-chapter
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97400-2_10Part of ISBN: 9783319973999Part of ISBN: 9783319974002Part of ISSN: 2523-8183Part of ISSN: 2523-8191
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary International Political Economy
2019 | book-chapter
Incentives and Disincentives for Reducing Emissions under REDD+ in Indonesia
Pathways to a Sustainable Economy
2018 | book-chapter
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67702-6_11Part of ISBN: 9783319677019Part of ISBN: 9783319677026
Stakeholder Perceptions of the Implementation Capacity of the Climate Change Regime
The Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change
2018 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9781315212470
Afterword: The long road to Paris: Insider and outsider perspectives
Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems
2017 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9781315442365
Governance Values and Institutional Integrity
Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems
2017 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: 10.4324/9781315442365
Introduction: Governing the climate change regime
Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems
2017 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9781315442365
A comprehensive framework for evaluating the integrity of the climate regime complex
Ethical values and the integrity of the climate change regime
2015 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9781315580302
Stakeholder perspectives on the integrity of the climate regime
Ethical values and the integrity of the climate change regime
2015 | book-chapter
Part of DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9781315580302
Please see below papers relevant to this interview.
Comments and suggestions are always welcome: reviewer2@gmail.com @reviewer2geo @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Please contact us if you want to come on the show or be a host for an episode and show us how it should be done.
Lockley, A., D.G. MacMartin, H. Hunt, “An update on engineering issues concerning stratospheric aerosol injection for geoengineering”, Environmental Research Communications, 2(8):082001,2020. Doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/aba944
· MacMartin, D.G., and B. Kravitz, “The engineering of climate engineering”, Annual Reviews of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, 2:445-67, 2019. doi:10.1146/annurev-control-053018-023725
· MacMartin, D.G., B. Kravitz, S. Tilmes, J.H. Richter, M.J. Mills, J.-F. Lamarque, J.J. Tribbia, and F. Vitt, “The climate response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering can be tailored using multiple injection locations” J. Geophys. Res. A., 122, 12,574–12,590,2017.doi: 10.1002/2017JD026868
· Kravitz, B., D.G. MacMartin, H. Wang, and P. J. Rasch, “Geoengineering as a design problem”, Earth System Dynamics, 7, 469-497, 2016. doi:10.5194/esd-7-469-2016
· MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Keith, D. W., and Jarvis, A., “Dynamics of the coupled human-climate system resulting from closed-loop control of solar geoengineering”, Climate Dynamics, 43(1-2): 243-258, 2014. (doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1822-9)
Adrian and Andrew discuss game theory, free riding and other essential considerations in a deep dive into Adrian's recent paper entitled "Availability of risky geoengineering can make an ambitious climate mitigation agreement more likely" by Adrien Fabre & Gernot Wagner, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 7, Article number: 1 (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-0492-6
Comments and suggestions are welcome: reviewer2@gmail.com @reviewer2geo @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Please contact us if you want to come on the show or be a host for an episode.
Kyle's brilliant paper is:
Kyle Manley, T. Salles and R. D. Müller (2020) ‘Modeling the Dynamic Landscape Evolution of a Volcanic Coastal Environment Under Future Climate Trajectories’, Frontiers in Earth Science, 8. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.550312.
Comments and suggestions are welcome: reviewer2@gmail.com @reviewer2geo @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Please contact us if you want to come on the show or be a host for an episode.
An important topic in geoengineering.
Zhen Dai is on twitter @jenswimsthemoon
This article explains some of the work she has been part of at Harvard:
http://sacredsecretuniverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Sun-Dimmer.pdf
Comments and suggestions to reviewer2geo@gmail.com or find us on twitter @reviewer2geo
or Andrew @geoengineering1
and Clare @clare_nomad_geo
As usual please tell all your friends and colleagues about the show, and consider coming on as a guest or guest host. Comments and suggestions are most welcome!
reviewer2geo@gmail.com
@reviewer2geo
@geoengineering1
@clare_nomad_geo
The links for articles we discussed today are below:
A World Resources Institute Report: Leveraging the Ocean's Carbon Removal Potential
https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/10/ocean-carbon-dioxide-sequestration
China's 2060 carbon neutrality goal will require up to 2.5 GtCO2/year of negative emissions technology deployment
https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06723
Microsoft Joins Norwegian Offshore Carbon Capture Project
https://www.oedigital.com/news/482431-microsoft-joins-norwegian-offshore-carbon-capture-project
Carbon capture receives global push from Mitsubishi Heavy
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Environment/Carbon-capture-receives-global-push-from-Mitsubishi-Heavy
UCLA receive $2.9m grant to convert carbon dioxide into concrete
https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/ucla-receive-29m-grant-convert-carbon-dioxide-conc/
Engineering the climate: the controversial science that could cool our atmosphere https://geographical.co.uk/nature/climate
Is Turning Down the Sun a Good Proxy for Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering?https://www.essoar.org/doi/abs/10.1002/essoar.10504448.1#.X4D7iZS4WCE.twitter
Thomas Crowther acknowledges criticsim of the trilion trees concept. In a Ted Talk Thomas Crowther: The global movement to restore nature's biodiversity Thomas Crowther: The global movement to restore nature's biodiversity
Amazon Announces First Recipients of Investments from $2 Billion Climate Pledge Fund https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazon-announces-first-recipients-investments-2-billion-climate
Rewild to mitigate the climate crisis, urge leading scientists: Restoring degraded natural lands highly effective for carbon storage and avoiding species extinctions https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/14/re-wild-to-mitigate-the-climate-crisis-urge-leading-scientists
Parametric Insurance for Solar Geoengineering: Insights from the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiativehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-5899.12864
Gates to a global empire https://navdanyainternational.org/publications/gates-to-a-global-empire/
Carbon Dioxide Removal Law. An annotated bibliography of legal materials related to carbon dioxide removal and carbon sequestration and use. https://cdrlaw.org
New Research Provides a Better Understanding of How Cirrus Clouds Form https://scitechdaily.com/new-research-provides-a-better-understanding-of-how-cirrus-clouds-form/
Carbon capture ‘moonshot’ moves closer as billions of dollars pour in (concrete)
https://grist.org/climate/carbon-capture-moonshot-moves-closer-as-billions-of-dollars-pour-in/?utm_campaign=sprout&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_content=1602710510
A fascinating insight into the effects of the Lakagígar eruption in Iceland in 1783. Claudia discusses in detail the fallout on fauna and flora and also what we might learn in terms of readiness for SRM deployment and the broader governance of the potential downsides.
Her paper can be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107080 and it has the best title of any paper I've seen for a long time being "Haze, Hunger, Hesitation: Disaster Aid after the 1783 Lakagígar Eruption"
Comments and suggestions are always welcome @reviewer2geo or reviewer2geo@gmail.com or as always to me @clare_nomad_geo or Andrew @geoengineering1
Please get in touch if you would like to come on the show as a guest or guest host.
A wide range of interesting things this week - most of the links are below. Please send any comments and ideas to reviewer2geo@gmail.com or tweet us @reviewer2geo or me Clare @clare_nomad_geo or @geoengineering1
Intervention in the Earth's systems: Geoengineering
https://diplomacy21-adelphi.wilsoncenter.org/geoengineering-intervention-atmosphere
A report by Delphi and the Wilson centre with essays on solar geoengineering from Simon Nicholson https://twitter.com/simonnicholson4 and Oliver Morton https://twitter.com/Eaterofsun
Oliver Morton Article https://diplomacy21-adelphi.wilsoncenter.org/article/geopolitical-challenges-geoengineering-and-geoengineerings-challenge-geopolitics
"Foreign Policy IS Climate Policy" https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/21st_century_diplomacy_report_spread.pdf
Scientists are exploring ways to use mineral waste from mines to pull huge amounts of carbon dioxide out of the air.
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/10/06/1009374/asbestos-could-be-a-powerful-weapon-against-climate-change-you-read-that-right/
CO2 Sequestration in Mine Tailings
https://www.mdru.ubc.ca/projects/co2-sequestration/
Eruptions & Emissions cause changes in ocean carbon sinks
A new model explains why the ocean’s capacity to take up carbon was reduced on a decadal scale, by accounting for reduced pCO2 emissions and ocean state changes due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
https://eos.org/editor-highlights/eruption-and-emissions-take-credit-for-ocean-carbon-sink-changes#.X3yG88CrTDY.twitter
Using CaO- and MgO-rich Industrial Waste Streams for Carbon Sequestration Joshuah Stolaroff, Gregory Lowry, and David Keith. 2005. “Using CaO- and MgO-rich Industrial Waste Streams for Carbon Sequestration.” Energy Conversion and Management, 46, Pp. 687-699. -David keith commenting that theya re worth pursuing but not huge
Unnatural climate solutions? Nature Climate Change volume 10, pages98–99(2020)
Rob Bellamy on why the hype around ‘natural’ climate solutions threatens us all. His new paper is with Shannon Osaka. Abstract: Framing solutions to climate change as natural strongly influences their acceptability, but what constitutes a ‘natural’ climate solution is selected, not self-evident. We suggest that the current, narrow formulation of natural climate solutions risks constraining what are thought of as desirable policy options. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-019-0661-z
Matt Watson talks about his experiences on the SPICE Project, the need for careful research into SRM given temperature rises and the slow pace of decarbonisation. He also explains how he dealt with a death threat that came during the SPICE project, an unexpected hazard for someone who is a volcanologist and also known from his blog as the reluctant geoengineer. Any comments please send to @reviewer2geo or @geoengineering1 or @clare_nomad_geo If you would like to come on the show to talk about CDR, SRM or anything related to geoengineering, please get in touch. We are always looking for guests and if you have an idea for a show you are welcome to be a guest host.
Steve Smith and reviewer2 debate the merits of carbon offsetting and discuss the new Oxford Offsetting Principles.
The principles are available at https://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/publications/reports/Oxford-Offsetting-Principles-2020.pdf
Comments and suggestions please to @reviewer2geo or @geoengineering1 or clare_nomad_geo.
Any one who would like to be on the show as interviewer or interviewee or has a burning topic they want us to address, please let us know.
Derek Lemoine and reviewer 2 have a lively discussion of market mechanisms and negative emissions, in particular discussing Derek's upcoming paper "Incentivising Negative Emissions Through Carbon Shares" available at https://www.nber.org/papers/w27880.
A free version of this and other work is available at https://www.dereklemoine.com/
We would love to hear your comments and suggestions @reviewer2geo or directly to Andrew @geoengineering1 or Clare clare_nomad_geo If you have a pet topic or any ideas for the podcast please get in touch. We will be launching a website soon also!
We hope you enjoy this fascinating discussion.
Comments and suggestions to @reviewer2geo or Andrew @geoengineering1 or Clare @clare_nomad_geo
Hello and we hope you enjoy this week's edition of the podcast. We really want your feedback and ideas for the show, and please tell your friends and colleagues how useful and entertaining the podcast is as we would like to have as wide an audience as possible ! If you have a new paper that you would like to discuss, or any comments or suggestions:
Please contact us on twitter @reviewer2geo or @geoengineering1 (Andrew) or @clare_nomad_geo (Clare)
Here are links for most of the headline items we chat about this week.
International renewable energy agency.
IRENA (2020), A summary of Reaching zero with renewables: Eliminating CO2 emissions from industry and transport in line with the 1.5 oC climate goal, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Sep/IRENA_ReachingZero_Summary_2020.pdf?la=en&hash=7FD100C3C26E161D6C1217B88C1FB7E847D7F08F
The hysteresis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet Nature volume 585, pages538–544(2020)
Pale Blue Dot Energy and Carbon Engineering create partnership to deploy Direct Air Capture in the UK
https://theacornproject.uk/2020/09/04/hydrogen-in-scotland-the-role-of-acorn-hydrogen-in-enabling-net-zero/
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP -Think small to unlock carbon capture’s big potential
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/unlocking-carbon-captures-potential
E-FUELS IN AVIATION
https://climeworkscom.cdn.prismic.io/climeworkscom/2a98e4e8-6d4d-4509-91cb-27c5374813b1_Building+a+Truly+Sustainable+Aviation+Industry+-+Accenture+Point+of+View.pdf. Accenture report
MCKINSEY DOES GEOENGINEERING
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/driving-co2-emissions-to-zero-and-beyond-with-carbon-capture-use-and-storage#
Norway funds world’s first full-scale carbon capture and storage project
Michelle Lewis
- Sep. 21st 2020 6:27 pm ET
https://electrek.co/2020/09/21/norway-world-first-carbon-capture-storage-project/
https://twitter.com/greenSandco2 OLIVINE CARBON CAPTURE 'GREENSAND'
ALSO SEE https://projectvesta.org Capturing a trillion tonnes of excess CO2 in rock using the power of natural wave energy
THE OXFORD PRINCIPLES FOR NET ZERO ALIGNED CARBON OFFSETTING
https://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/publications/reports/Oxford-Offsetting-Principles-2020.pdf
FOREST / RESTORATION
LatamList – Pachama, a carbon-offsetting marketplace, secured an additional $5M extension to its Seed round from multiple investors to fight deforestation. The round included investors such as Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Amazon Climate Pledge Fund, Aglaé Ventures, AirAngels, and, My Climate Journey.
https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/commission-under-fire-for-including-carbon-sinks-into-eu-climate-goals/
ALCOHOL
https://t.co/HmUp2utZvD?amp=1 world's first carbon negative beer - Brewdog
https://t.co/esUW8omn1c?amp=1 Based out of Brooklyn, Air Co. is making vodka using only air, water and renewable electricity.
Melissa is an early career researcher who is driven by her ethical goals to work towards climate justice, positing SRM as a controversial yet potential route to alleviate harms caused by climate change. I urge you to read her piece in Medium which can be found here https://medium.com/@msaenger_52203/the-climate-emergency-intersectional-justice-and-the-urgency-of-solar-geoengineering-research-ae26266d7fbb
Comments and suggestions to @reviewer2geo
or @geoengineering1
or clare_nomad_geo
An important and enlightening discussion with Evvan Morton about diversity, inclusion and equity in the academy, with particular reference here to the field of geoengineering.
Comments and suggestions to @reviewer2geo
All things geoengineering that caught our eye this week. We chat about lessons from the pandemic for geoengineering, California wildfires and the dystopian futures unfurling before us, methane munching bacteria, gene editing to curb GHGs, NETs in the EU ETS, the trade off between growth and age in trees (and people), more evidence doubting BECCS and news of attempts to broaden the NETs base in IAMS prior to AR6. Plus there are quite a few laughs and some useful news and tips for geoengineering folks.
AND we have our own twitter handle now so please follow @reviewer2geo for all future episodes, news and for feedback and suggestions. We would love to here from you with comments and ideas.
Papers discussed include:
Holly Jean Buck 'Pandemic Politics -lessons for solar geoengineering https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00018-1
Forest carbon sink neutralized by pervasive growth-lifespan trade-offs R. J. W. Brienen, et al, Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 4241 (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17966-z
Working Paper: The Future of (Negative) Emissions Trading in the European Union Kiel Working Papers, 2164 https://www.ifw-kiel.de/experts/ifw/wilfried-rickels/the-future-of-negative-emissions-trading-in-the-european-union-15070/
Gene Editing for the Climate: Biological Solutions for Curbing Greenhouse Emissions, Val Giddings, Robert Rozansky , David M. Hart September 14, 2020 https://itif.org/publications/2020/09/14/gene-editing-climate-biological-solutions-curbing-greenhouse-emissions
Managing Land‐based CDR: BECCS, Forests and Carbon Sequestration, Duncan Brack and Richard King First published: 06 September 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12827
Integrated Assessment Modeling of Carbon Removal at ICRLP https://research.american.edu/carbonremoval/2020/09/08/integrated-assessment-modeling-of-carbon-removal-at-icrlp/
Food security under high bioenergy demand toward long-term climate goals Tomoko Hasegawa, Ronald D. Sands, Thierry Brunelle, Yiyun Cui, Stefan Frank, Shinichiro Fujimori & Alexander Popp Climatic Change (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02838-8
At only 17 and already published, Gideon is an impressive and unusual guest on the show. Today he discusses his paper with Andrew on the novel idea of geoengineering and the public trust doctrine. Gideon also talks about his organisation Worldward and his plans for the future particularly in climate restoration. Find the paper here https://cclr.lexxion.eu/article/cclr/2020/2/4 and Gideon on twitter @worldwardglobal
As usual, please make any suggestions or comments @geoengineering1 or @clare_nomad_geo
Thanks and enjoy the show!
A spirited and fascinating deep dive into Kate Dooley's paper on CDR and biodiversity. The paper explores a new framework for assessing the impacts (positive or negative) of various methods of CDR on biodiversity and ecosystems, with mixed results. You can find the paper here https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12828
Comments and suggestions welcome as usual @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo.
This week we chat about all the interesting articles and news items that have caught our eye...including carbfixing in Iceland, extinction rebellion at Drax, the coming of the carbon-industrial complex and the potential for DAC to be involved in making kerosene, plus much more chat and gossip than can be mentioned here. Comments and suggestions please as always to @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Reviewer 2 and Walker Lee get into the guts of this paper in a lively discussion. Walker's research breaks new ground in stratospheric aerosol geoengineering, raising interesting questions about a more refined technique that potentially creates surprising socio-economic effects. The paper is in review, full citation is:
Lee, W., MacMartin, D., Visioni, D., and Kravitz, B.: Expanding the Design Space of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering to Include Precipitation-Based Objectives and Explore Trade-offs, Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2020-58, in review, 2020
As always comments and suggestions are welcome @geoengineering1 and clare_nomad_geo
(reissue of this previously released episode for technical reasons)
Today Andrew talks to Daniele Visioni about his new paper on the Reduced Poleward Transport Due to Stratospheric Heating Under Stratospheric Aerosols Geoengineering. The paper is available at https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089470
Comments on twitter are welcome @geoengineering1 and @clare_nomad_geo
Reviewer 2 dives into a fascinating conversation with Jay Fuhrman on his recent paper ‘Food–Energy–Water Implications of Negative Emissions Technologies in a +1.5 °C Future’. The article can be found here http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0876-z
Comments on the podcast are welcome - you can find Andrew on twitter @geoengineering1 and Clare @clare_nomad_geo