The first part of its Sixth Assessment Report titled ‘Climate Change 2021 the Physical Science Basis’, which has been finalized by scientists in collaboration with 195 governments, also stated that heatwaves and humid heat stress will be more intense and frequent during the 21st century. Both annual and summer monsoon precipitation will increase during this century, with enhanced interannual variability, it further added. For the Indian subcontinent, the report stated, “the observed mean surface temperature increase has clearly emerged out of the range of internal variability compared to 1850-1900. Heat extremes have increased while cold extremes have decreased, and these trends will continue over the coming decades. The report stated that the South and Southeast Asian monsoon has weakened in the second half of the 20th century mainly due to the increase in aerosols and particulate matter due to human activity. The dry north and wet south pattern of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation changes are results of the combined effects of greenhouse gases and aerosols, it said.